This thesis focuses on the issue of maritime pirate attacks prosecution. The proposal of the establishment of an International Piracy Court is connected to the growth of pirate attacks in the area of the Gulf of Aden off the borders of Somalia between 2007 and 2011. The Somali government was not able to suppress this threat to the international security and pirates often avoided trial. Other countries were not willing to prosecute pirates at their national courts. By that time the thought of the establishment of the new specialized international tribunal arised. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate if there actually is the necessity to create an International Piracy Court in the current local and global situation.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:18:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_carlos_jair.pdf: 944704 bytes, checksum: e0145c99b747d62b26c6e480a9112c55 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-25 / The state is being geared to the control and centralization of society. This attitude has been perpetuated over the absolute, social and liberal state models for maintaining order and power. In absolutism the truth was identified with of the sacredness of the laws. In liberalism the truth was instrumentalized by pure worship of the rationality of the laws. In the welfare state, even with the semantic expansion, the jurisdiction and power remained correlated. In Brazil, the weak representation in political society favored to monism state that favored the face paternalistic and interventionist. With the imbalance social and expansion of social rights was an escalation in the search of legal protection for the restoration of equality. In the same in proportion that cognitive freedom of the judiciary, there was increased demand that triggered the process to discredit the basis of judicial decisions. In contrast, it is found, through statistical data, that the decisions of first instance is more propitious moment for the realization of the principles of cooperative interactions and orality, and therefore the conclusion of the dispute by conciliation procedure. Denying such a stance, there are speeches in favor of legality, which reinforces the double degree of jurisdiction as a constitutional guarantee, and therefore, unremovable, although this understanding is in misalignment franc with the normative interpretation of legal precedents. The practical result of this dissent is that systematic incursions appellate become unviable the unborn principle of efficiency. The model of the syllogism, still applicable in various situations, allowed way to juridical posture amplified and broke the barrier of absolute, assuming the plausible and reasonable. Had establish the conflict between the legality that legitimizes to appellate systematics and the legality of the efficiency and the equity. Issues such as legal defense and wider debate by appellate process commune to the detriment of those, the example of some questions concerning the procedures collegiate as "judgment-list" and also by comparison of procedural small reforms which extending the powers of judge and allowed to effectiveness of judgments. The landscape scene shows the new projection of Legal Institutions for their restoration and resizing. Jurisdiction should be as quick as possible to the truth, but the new model of fair decision is one that is more in the form of detachment from the concept of universalizing, totalizing visions, of the unity and of absolute certainties. The theme is fractal, the open, the plural. From the point of view of the microsystem legal signals to the tendency of the force of precedent. However, part of the jurisdiction, which is one, uncomfortably, has been ruled out of this process. The base jurisdiction, the accuracy of the strong stamp of legality appellate, are not incorporated as an element of composition of conflicting solutions, behold, its decisions are systematically repulsed. The contemporary juridical posture, apanage of a system of rules and criteria weighting diversified, erected by increasingly plural societies, apparently is consistent in more with this intricate cultural process whose philosophical debates travels the supposed succession between Modernity and Postmodernity / O Estado é um ente vocacionado ao controle e centralização da sociedade. Essa postura tem se perpetuado ao longo dos modelos estatais absoluto, liberal e social pela manutenção da ordem e do poder. No absolutismo houve a verdade identificou-se com a acepção da sacralidade das leis. No liberalismo a verdade foi instrumentalizada pela pura adoração à racionalidade das leis. No Estado Social, mesmo com a abertura semântica, a jurisdição e o poder mantiveram- se correlatos. No Brasil a frágil representatividade da sociedade no plano político deu azo ao monismo estatal que favoreceu a face paternalista e intervencionista. Com o desequilíbrio social e a expansão dos direitos sociais ocorreu a escalada em busca da tutela jurisdicional para a restauração da igualdade. Na mesma proporção que se deu a liberdade cognitiva do Judiciário, ocorreu o aumento da demanda recursal que deflagrou o processo de desprestígio das decisões judiciais de base. Em oposição, fica constatado, através de dados estatísticos, que nas decisões de primeira instância ocorre o momento mais propício para a concretização dos princípios da cooperação intersubjetiva e da oralidade, e portanto a conclusão do litígio pelo procedimento conciliatório. Negando tal postura, existem discursos em prol da legalidade que reforça o duplo grau de jurisdição como perfil de garantia constitucional, e portanto, inafastável, embora esse entendimento se encontre em franco desalinhamento com a interpretação normativa e com os precedentes jurisprudenciais. O resultado prático desse dissenso é que as sistemáticas incursões recursais inviabilizam o nascituro princípio da eficiência. O modelo do silogismo, ainda que aplicável em várias situações, cedeu espaço a juridicidade amplificada que rompeu a barreira do absoluto, admitindo-se o verossímil, o razoável. Instaurou-se o embate entre a legalidade que legitima a sistemática recursal e a juridicidade da eficiência e da equidade. Questões aduzidas como a ampla defesa e ampliação do debate pelas vias recursais comungam em desfavor dessas a exemplo de indagações acerca de alguns procedimentos colegiados como julgamentos em lista e, também, pelo cotejo das minirreformas processuais que alargaram os poderes do magistrado e possibilitaram a efetividade das decisões judiciais. O panorama macrossistêmico demonstra a nova projeção das Instituições Jurídicas pela sua revitalização e redimensionamento. A jurisdição deve ser célere e calcada o mais próxima possível da verdade; porém, o novo modelo de decisão justa é aquela que se apresenta mais sob a forma do desapego ao conceito do universalizante, das visões totalizantes, da unidade e das certezas absolutas. O mote é o fractal, o aberto, o plural. No mircossistema jurídico acena-se à tendência da força dos precedentes. Entretanto, parte da jurisdição, que é una, desconfortavelmente, tem sido alijada desse processo. A jurisdição de base, a rigor da forte chancela da legalidade recursal, não se incorpora como elemento de composição das soluções conflituosas, eis que suas decisões são sistematicamente rechaçadas. A juridicidade contemporânea, apanágio de um sistema de regras e critérios de ponderação diversificados, erigidos por sociedades cada vez mais plurais, aparentemente coaduna-se mais com esse intrincado processo cultural cujos debates filosóficos navegam na suposta sucessão entre a Modernidade e a Pós-modernidade

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:18:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Patricia_cavalcanti_furtado_candido_carneiro.pdf: 605838 bytes, checksum: 8e712dcc1e15ba636b16a5538a868331 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-05 / A current debate topic where dissent is found both among scholars and in judicial decisions is concerning the possibility of using the Arbitration Law - Lei 9.307/96 - to resolve individual labor disputes. Created in order to resolve in a fast and confidential way the disputes from civil relations, trade, it also focus on international contractual relations, the arbitration law is not adapted to the peculiarities existing in the relationship between employee and employer. However, it has been widely praised and encouraged its usage as another way to solve conflicts arising from individual employment relationships. Despite the real difficulties experienced by the judiciary power to quick deliver the tutelage, providing higher trial's effectiveness, the acceptance of alternative conflict resolution mechanisms should be better evaluated, and especially adapted to the different relationships existing in the Brazilian legal system.This new unrestricted introduction of arbitration to resolve conflicts, especially employment conflicts, as the only viable alternative to the judicial services' slow pace provided by the state have to take into account the peculiarities of this branch of law, which is essentially permeated not only by legal issues but mainly by economic and social questions. / Discussão atual e que encontra dissenso tanto entre os doutrinadores como nas decisões judiciais é a que diz respeito à possibilidade de utilização da lei da Arbitragem Lei 9.307/96 para solucionar conflitos individuais de trabalho. Criada com a finalidade de resolver, de forma mais célere e sigilosa, litígios decorrentes de relações civis, comerciais, e voltada também para as relações contratuais internacionais, a lei da arbitragem não se encontra adaptada às peculiaridades existentes nas relações entre empregado e empregador. No entanto, vem sendo bastante exaltada e incentivada sua utilização também como forma de solução dos conflitos decorrentes das relações individuais de trabalho. Em que pese a real dificuldade por que passa o Poder Judiciário, de entregar a tutela ao jurisdicionado de forma mais célere, proporcionando maior eficácia dos julgados, a aceitação dos mecanismos alternativos de solução de conflitos devem ser melhor avaliados e, principalmente, adaptados às diferentes relações jurídicas existentes no sistema jurídico pátrio. Essa nova dinâmica de introdução irrestrita da arbitragem para solucionar conflitos, em especial os conflitos de emprego, como sendo única alternativa viável à morosidade da prestação jurisdicional prestada pelo Estado, tem que levar em consideração as peculiaridades desse ramo do direito, que é essencialmente permeado por questões não só jurídicas, mas, sobretudo, por questões econômicas e sociais.

Submitted by Biblioteca Central (biblioteca@unicap.br) on 2018-06-15T18:05:29Z No. of bitstreams: 2 victor_yuri_brederodes_rocha.pdf: 462483 bytes, checksum: 88bd88eb180b0b10d13b9598bbd0493c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-15T18:05:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 victor_yuri_brederodes_rocha.pdf: 462483 bytes, checksum: 88bd88eb180b0b10d13b9598bbd0493c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-24 / In democratic societies in the world that are governed by a constitutional and notable system as a constitutional jurisdiction for constitutionality control intends a question of legitimacy for a government as decisions of broad social impact for Judges without democratic representativeness. The present work has as scope an analysis of the institute of the amicus curiae, as a tool to foment the process of constitutional interpretation within the judiciary and the impacts of the new Civil Procedure Code of 2015 (Law No. 13.105 / 2015) on this institute. To do so, it will be worth studying the origin of the institute, its expression in other legal systems on comparative law and its evolution in Brazilian law. / Nas sociedades democráticas no mundo que são regidas por um sistema constitucional é notável como a jurisdição constitucional através do controle de constitucionalidade tenciona a questão da legitimidade ao outorgar as decisões de amplo impacto social à Juízes sem representatividade democrática. O presente trabalho tem como escopo a análise do instituto do amicus curiae, como ferramenta fomentadora da pluralização do processo de interpretação constitucional dentro do judiciário e os impactos do novo Código de Processo Civil de 2015 (Lei nº 13.105/2015) sobre esse instituto. Para tanto, se valerá do estudo da origem do instituto, sua expressão em outros ordenamentos jurídicos através do direito comparado e sua evolução no direito brasileiro.

Le droit de la concurrence connaît une évolution fondamentale. Le contentieux prouve incontestablement que le débat initial sur l’existence d’une infraction a été remplacé par celui sur l’amende. Or, au centre du débat sur l’amende, se trouve la pleine juridiction du juge de l’Union sur les décisions de la Commission européenne infligeant une amende. En droit de l’Union, cette compétence est donnée au juge dans le droit primaire, par l’article 261 TFUE et dans le droit dérivé, par l’article 31 du règlement n°1/2003. Le juge peut supprimer, réduire ou majorer l’amende infligée. D’un côté, les pouvoirs conférés au juge par les textes sont vastes, ce qui laisse place à une jurisprudence imprécise, qui divise, tant à propos des conditions que de l’exercice de la pleine juridiction. D’un autre côté, alors qu’en droit de l’Union, la pleine juridiction renvoie à une compétence du juge sur le montant de l’amende, en droit du Conseil de l’Europe, la pleine juridiction correspond à un standard de contrôle qu’exerce le juge sur la décision adoptée. La question qui innerve cette étude reste celle de savoir si, en droit de l’Union, la compétence de pleine juridiction exercée par le juge satisfait-il au standard de contrôle de pleine juridiction, au sens de la Convention ? C’est, d’une part, le constat que la pleine juridiction, en droit de l’Union, souffre d’une conception désormais faussée. D’autre part, parce que la jurisprudence n’est pas uniforme, c’est une application dynamique de la pleine juridiction qui est encouragée, à travers un modèle de solutions pratiques applicable de manière systématique, dans un but de plus de cohérence et de sécurité juridique / EU competition law has fundamentally changed. The developments in competition litigation prove clearly that the initial debate about breaches of substantive competition law has now been replaced by a debate over the fine. The EU courts’ unlimited jurisdiction is now central to the debate over fines. In EU law, unlimited jurisdiction of the Court of justice regarding the penalties is granted by article 261, TFEU and by article 31, regulation no1/2003. On one hand, the powers granted to the EU courts are broad and vague. Which means unlimited jurisdiction results from a case-law construction of an evolutive and open nature. On the other hand, under human rights law, unlimited jurisdiction is a standard of control while under EU law, unlimited jurisdiction is merely a competence over the level of the fine. Therefore, the underlying question remains whether the judicial review in EU law does comply with the criteria of unlimited jurisdiction as established by the ECtHr? The objective of this study is to bring light to the fact that the definition of unlimited jurisdiction in EU law is blurred based on the misapprehension of its nature and more importantly, given the conflicting case law in this matter, we would like to promote a dynamic approach of the EU courts’ unlimited jurisdiction through practical solutions in a systematic perspective in the interests of legal certainty and judicial coherence

The use of child soldiers in armed conflicts has been common the world over for a long time now. However, over the last few decades, this practice has become widespread in Africa where armed groups recruit children as part of their war strategy and to help sustain their campaigns. This practice has left thousands of children physically and psychologically bruised with many still suffering from post war effects long after the end of such conflicts. Many negative effects still haunt many of the children who were recruited into the ranks of the government and rebel forces during the decade civil war in Sierra Leone. The civil war in Sierra Leone has been considered to be one of the most gruesome in the history of conflicts in Africa not only because of its high level of brutality but also in the manner in which children were forced into combat and abused both physically and psychologically. It is estimated that between 7000 - 10 000 children below the age of 15 years, some as young as seven were recruited into armed forces or groups during the war. / Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2011. / http://www.chr.up.ac.za/ / nf2012 / Centre for Human Rights / LLM

The author addresses the following objectives: (1) Examines whether a state can withdraw a case upon which an indictment has been made by the International Criminal Court (ICC) (2) Determine and elucidate on the circumstances under which a referral can be withdrawn from ICC jurisdiction. (3) Clarifies whether a referral can be withdrawn if the referring state develops mechanisms for domestic trial of relevant ICC crimes / Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2008. / A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Dr.Atangcho Akonumbo, Faculté des Sciences Sociales et de gestion, Université Catholique d’Afrique Centrale, Yaoundé Cameroun / http://www.chr.up.ac.za/ / Centre for Human Rights / LLM

Proceeding of Action against Decision of Administrative Authority Abstract The subject-matter of this dissertation thesis is the analysis of the legislation providing protection to public subjective rights in proceeding of action against the decision of an administrative body defined in Code of Administrative Justice, and assessment as to whether the protection provided to public subjective rights by the legislation is sufficient, including certain recommendations of possible changes. The basic method applied consists of the logical methods in combination with the normative approach, involving a detailed analysis and synthesis of the existing legislation and empirical examination of the offered protection in the problem areas on the basis of past judicial proceedings and also comparison of the discussed concepts with foreign legal regulations. The first model was the "traditional" German administrative justice legislation, which is the legislator's usual source of inspiration. In relation to this issue, one must not also disregard the newly adopted legislation on administrative justice in Slovakia. Even though stemming from the historical roots of the judiciary of the First Czechoslovak Republic, the Slovak approach to a number of concepts is different. The administrative justice system by far exceeds the...

Regulation of international jurisdiction of courts in Brussels I bis Regulation Abstract This master thesis deals with the international jurisdiction of courts in Brussels I bis Regulation. The main aim is to analyse the provisions of the Brussels I bis Regulation and compare them with the previous Brussels I Regulation and with the proposed amendments. Attention is paid to the choice of court agreements as an instrument providing the party autonomy, and also to the controversial issues of the new regulation. The thesis is divided into four chapters. The first chapter presents the history of the European international jurisdiction which is reliant on the development of the European integration. It shows the background of preparation of the Brussels Convention, the Lugano Convention, the Brussels I Regulation and its recast. The second chapter focuses on the scope of application of the Brussels I bis Regulation. Before the analyse of individual provision, the attention is paid to the international element as the implicit condition to apply the Brussels I bis Regulation. The thesis then explores the material scope of the regulation stressing the term "civil and commercial matters". The originally proposed universal scope is examined within the personal scope of the regulation. However, it was implemented only...

It has been two decades since the terrorist attacks on September 11. These events were the starting shot for the US war on terrorism, which has resulted in extreme challenges for human rights treaties. Several people have fallen victim to the US protection measures, which have included a detention and interrogation program and extraordinary renditions. The US protection measures have resulted in military invasions, kidnappings, detentions, and acts of torture. Even though black sites are no longer secret, has nobody ever been held responsible for these crimes. The question of who should be held responsible for the systematic violations of the United States is therefore necessary to discuss as this is a problem that characterizes the international legal system still today. The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether the US legal argument for justifying enhanced interrogation techniques and extraordinary renditions is consistent with the human rights treaties. The study examines the extent to which the US exercises jurisdiction over people who are subject to extraordinary renditions. Furthermore, it is also important to investigate if extraordinary renditions conflict with two treaties that have been approved in the United States and consequently the legitimacy of the arguments will be tested against CAT and ICCPR. The problem has been analysed in the light of jurisdiction. The interpretation of the concept of jurisdiction in general international law and human rights treaties constitutes an essential issue regarding states’ responsibilities to uphold and respect the human rights within the research area and research questions. The study focuses primarily on the question of when a state has obligations under human right treaties outside of its own territory. The issue of jurisdiction has been discussed primarily in international courts since Bankovic. The investigation shows that people that have been subject to extraordinary renditions as well as the detention and interrogation program fall under US jurisdiction. According to case law, the study establishes that the United States exercises effective control over the people in the event of extraordinary renditions. Moreover, the study claims that state responsibility can be attributed to the US for having failed in its obligations to respect and protect human rights in the war on terrorism.