published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Landscape Architecture

The purpose of this creative project was to develop a master plan for a 450-acre site based on the recently published Land and Natural Development (LAND) Code: Guidelines for Sustainable Land Development by Diana Balmori and Gaboury Benoit. Balmori and Benoit present environmentally conscious design principles that serve as a demonstration for tangible ways to create sustainable landscapes that balance function with the need to preserve natural resources. The outcome of this project includes a detailed master plan for a 450-acre portion of Goose Pond Fish and Wildlife Area (GPFWA) located in Linton, Indiana, which serves as a model for sustainable site design in addition to offering interpretive and recreational opportunities within the focus area. / Department of Landscape Architecture

[pt] O projeto inicial de urbanismo do Parque Madureira, entregue pela Prefeitura do Rio de Janeiro, teve que ser transformado visando inserir questões ambientais e medidas propostas nas discussões do Plano Diretor Ambiental para a cidade. Através da previsão dos conceitos de sustentabilidade tanto no projeto como na execução, foi possível receber a Certificação AQUA na fase programa e benefícios à população. O desenvolvimento e detalhamento dos conceitos sustentáveis relativos à relação do empreendimento com seu entorno e recuperação de espaços urbanos degradados; gestão de água; cobertura vegetal; gestão de energia e gestão de resíduos sólidos estabelece um projeto urbanístico que, além de melhorar a qualidade de vida da região, também possibilita aos usuários vivenciar experiências ambientais em espaços públicos. O projeto apresentou respeito ao usuário através da qualidade do projeto, dos materiais de acabamento da obra e o plano de conservação, elevando, assim, o sentimento de pertencimento da população local, e também redução do custeio com manutenção do espaço público. Além disso, o Parque foi concebido a fim de gerar um programa socioambiental, já que conta com espaços e conceitos previamente elaborados para dar suporte à educação ambiental e desenvolvimento de pesquisas, tornando o Parque em efetivo benefício à população. / [en] While doing my Master s Degree, I was invited to coordinate the implementation of the Madureira Park project. The proposal was mainly due to my involvement with environmental issues in the city of Rio de Janeiro during the elaboration of the Environmental Management Master Plan by the City Council and participation in the master s degree program at PUC-RIO on Urban and Environmental Engineering. I was given an urbanism project and the need to transform it became evident, inserting the environmental issues presented in the course and the measures approved by the Environmental Management Master Plan of the city of Rio de Janeiro which was newly approved. How does one recover a degraded area, improving the quality of urban life of the surrounding population of about 2.4 million inhabitants? The first transformation was to unify the spaces intended for the Park with the streets, thus expanding the usable area of the Park. Then define as the main guideline, a Socio-environmental Education Program as the base for the urban development, landscaping and architectural project. The objective was to establish an urban development project which besides improving the quality of life of the region, would allow users to live environmental experiences in public spaces that would surprise and inspire them, provoking the question of the meaning of what was being experienced. Respect for the user represented by the quality of the project, the materials used in the works and the conservation plan, convey the message of sustainability, raise the sense of belonging of the local population, and reduce the maintenance cost of the public space.

Notre recherche doctorale propose, sur la base des résultats d’une expérimentation menée dans la haute vallée de la Sèvre niortaise, une contribution à la théorisation de ce que pourrait être une pratique paysagiste de la médiation environnementale par le paysage. A l’initiative de ce travail se trouve l’interrogation formulée par le Conseil Général des Deux-Sèvres quand aux modalités et aux dispositifs qui pourraient favoriser une « gestion intégrée » de la ressource hydrique et de l’aménagement des cours d’eau. Le questionnement du CG79 intervient alors que les politiques publiques en la matière se réordonnent autour d’une stratégie de « restauration écologique » comprise comme un retour à un état avant « perturbations anthropiques ». A rebours de ces conceptions fondées sur l’image d’une nature menacée par l’homme, nous proposons d’aborder la problématique environnementale et celle des politiques associés dans leurs irréductibles hybridités socio-écologiques ainsi que dans leurs multiples échelles spatio-temporelles. Or pour penser la question environnementale et l’action en la matière comme un objet complexe, les sociétés ont besoin d’objets intermédiaires. Par ce terme, on entend tous les moyens matériels et conceptuels employés dans l’action collective pour diagnostiquer, se coordonner et agir. L’hypothèse fondatrice de notre recherche est que le paysage peut, à condition de se doter de méthodes, constituer un objet intermédiaire entre société et environnement. On considère en effet le paysage comme un reflet des relations socio-écologiques qui offre la possibilité de se représenter le complexe environnemental et de l’inscrire à la croisée des expertises et des logiques d’acteurs. Dans cette perspective, nous parlerons de médiation paysagère. Ce paysage-reflet, toutefois, n’est pas donné d’avance. La première tâche de la médiation paysagère est de le construire et de le faire exister comme tel aux yeux de la communauté humaine concernée. Pour ce faire, la connaissance scientifique joue un rôle de premier plan. Loin d’être un obstacle à la délibération et à la concertation, elle doit au contraire activer un processus de décryptage, et d’interprétation collective. Dans cette perspective, la singularité de notre démarche est d’inscrire au cœur de la médiation une recherche historique qui en constitue la « ressource cognitive ». / Any water policy oscillates between multiple vocations - social, environmental, economic, patrimonial - and arouses frequent controversies. It deploys itself according to sectorized actions, to contradictory interests and to different social representations. Today, the confliction about river landscapes re-organizes itself around a new purpose promulgated by the Water Framework European Directive: reach the " good ecological state " in 2015. Therefore, the rearrangement of the intentionality of the action is the context of my doctoral research. This one approaches the landscape at the same time as object of the knowledge and as decision-making tool. I postulate, that in front of the diversity of the social expectations and in front of the multiplicity of the objectives to be seized by the decision-makers, it is important to be able to refer to a frame integrator of reflection and action. The landscape constitutes for me this frame. In this perspective, it is envisaged as a tool of mediation capable of bringing a new "socio-territorial contract". The hypothesis of the landscape mediation thus constitutes the horizon of my contribution, which presents the methodological foundations of an approach which, applied to the case of the river landscapes of the Sèvre niortaise, is leaned on the construction and the sharing of an historical knowledge. / Toda política del agua oscila entre preocupaciones y vocaciones múltiples – sociales, ambientales, económicas, patrimoniales… - y suscita frecuentes controversias. Con ella se ponen en marcha acciones sectorizadas en las que participan diferentes actores con intereses contradictorios y sistemas de representación social bien diferenciados. Hoy en día, los conflictos en relación con los paisajes del fondo del valle se reorganizan alrededor de un nuevo objetivo promulgado por la Directiva Marco Europea del Agua : alcanzar el « buen estado ecológico » de los ríos en el año 2015. Es en este contexto de cambio en las políticas del agua en el cual se basa mi investigación doctoral, en la cual se aborda el paisaje a la vez como objeto de conocimiento e instrumento de ayuda en las decisiones. Se postula que frente a la diversidad de las esperas sociales y los múltiples objetivos a tener en cuenta por los responsables de la gestión del agua, es importante poder referirse a un marco integrador de reflexión y acción. Para mi, el paisaje constituye este marco. En esta perspectiva, el paisaje se contempla como una herramienta de mediación capaz de construir un nuevo «contrato social y territorial ». La hipótesis de la mediación a través del paisaje constituye el horizonte de esta tesis, que presenta los fundamentos metodológicos de un procedimiento que, aplicado al caso de la Sèvre niortaise, se apoya en el hecho de construir y compartir conocimientos históricos.

Este trabalho aborda a questão do Planejamento e do Desenho Ambiental nos assentamentos rurais brasileiros, oriundos das lutas pela terra das classes populares de trabalhadores urbanos e rurais organizados. Apresenta conceitos de ambientais e analisa os efeitos negativos das ações do homem sobre o Planeta. Discute a questão metodológica para a abordagem de problemas ambientais. Apresenta o conceito de Bacia Hidrográfica em sua concepção geofísica e ambiental. Utiliza o método de estudo de casos, ao apresentar o Assentamento I do município de Sumaré SP e o assentamento Padre Josimo no município de Teodoro Sampaio SP assentamentos rurais paulistas originados nas ocupações dos de terra e sua relação com o MST Movimento dos Sem Terra. Procede a um levantamento dos recursos ambientais e paisagísticos dos assentamentos, e perfaz análise dos impactos ambientais ocorridos e em curso nestas áreas. Finalizando, discute os possíveis caminhos futuros que garantam em longo prazo, a sustentabilidade destas áreas com melhoria da qualidade de vida e justiça social aos moradores dos assentamentos e das comunidades relacionadas ao contexto político, social, geográfico e econômico regional, portanto contexto ambiental. Conclui com a apresentação de propostas que configurem um cenário futuro de conservação, recuperação e desenvolvimento sustentável para o Assentamento I e para o assentamento Padre Josimo, baseadas na análise dos impactos ambientais levantados. Apresenta o Convênio Estadual da Microbacia do Córrego Taquara Branca e Pinheirinho, no Assentamento I como uma iniciativa governamental desencadeadora de um processo de recuperação ambiental da paisagem regional, com enfoque em Educação Ambiental. Apresenta para o assentamento Padre Josimo os programas de atuação das ONGs em parceria com assentamentos rurais como uma possibilidade de engajamento nos projetos de conservação ambiental regional visando a Educação Ambiental e geração de renda. / This paper discuss the Environmental Planning and Design issue on the country land occupation at Brazil, originated by the land disputes of organized land and urban workers. It shows environmental concepts and analyze the negative outcomes of human acts on the Planet. It discusses the methodological issue to approach the environmental problems. It also presents the Hydrological Basin concept in its geophysical and ecosystem optic and its importance as an analytical unit to the environmental planning. By using a case study method, it presents the experience of the \"Assentamento /\" at the Sumaré municipality at the State of São Paulo, and the country land Padre Josimo at the Teodoro Sampaio municipality at the State of São Paulo the countries lands occupations made by landless workers, in that State supported by the Landless Workers Movement (MST). It proceeds with an inventory of environmental and landscape resources of these lands occupations, and performs an analysis of landscape and environment impacts caused by these occupations, both on the past and currently. Finally, it discusses the possible future ways to guarantee the long term sustainability of those areas with quality of live improvement and social equity to the land occupants of those areas and related regional communities, in the social, political, geographical, and economical context. It ends up with the proposal, presentation of alternatives that configure future scenarios of conservation, recuperation and sustainable development to the \"Assentamento /\" of Sumaré, and the country land Padre Josimo based on environmental impact analysis performed. It presents the State Microbasin Agreement of Córrego Taquara Branca and Pinheirinho, as a governmental initiative that makes possible a regional landscape and environmental recuperation process, focusing at Environmental Education. It also presents for the country land Padre Josimo the programs of Ongs for country land partners as an of engaging possibility at a regional environmental conservation project aiming Environmental Education and income generation.

We are currently faced with the global challenge of conserving biological diversity while also increasing food production to meet the demands of a growing human population. Land-use change, primarily resulting from conversion to production land, is currently the leading cause of biodiversity loss. This occurs through habitat loss, fragmentation of remaining natural habitats, and resulting edge effects. Land-sparing and land-sharing approaches have been discussed as alternative ways to engineer landscapes to mitigate biodiversity loss while meeting production objectives. However, these represent extremes on a continuum of real-world landscapes, and it will be important to understand the mechanisms by which adjacent land use affects natural remnant ecosystems in order to make local land-management decisions that achieve conservation, as well as production, objectives. This thesis investigates the impact of juxtaposing production and natural forest on the community-wide interactions between lepidopteran herbivores and their parasitoids, as mediated by parasitoid spillover between habitats. The first and overarching objective was to determine whether herbivore productivity drives asymmetrical spillover of predators and parasitoids, primarily from managed to natural habitats, and whether this spillover alters trophic interactions in the recipient habitat. The study of trophic interactions at a community level requires understanding of both direct and indirect interactions. However, community-level indirect interactions are generally difficult to predict and measure, and these have therefore remained understudied. Apparent competition is an indirect interaction mechanism thought to be very important in structuring host-parasitoid assemblages. However, this is known primarily from studies of single species pairs, and its community-wide impacts are less clear. Therefore, my second objective was to determine whether apparent competition could be predicted for all species pairs within an herbivore assemblage, based on a measure of parasitoid overlap. My third objective was to determine whether certain host or parasitoid species traits can predict the involvement of those species in apparent competition. My key findings were that there is a net spillover of generalist predators and parasitoids from plantation to native forest, and that for generalists, this depends on herbivore abundance in the plantation forest. Herbivore populations across the edge were linked by shared parasitoids in apparent competition. Consequently, an experimental reduction of herbivore density in the plantation forest changed parasitism rates in the natural forest, as predicted based on parasitoid overlap. Finally, several host and parasitoid traits were identified that can predict the degree to which host or parasitoid species will be involved in apparent competition, a finding which may have extensive application in biological control, as well as in predicting spillover edge effects. Overall, this work suggests that asymmetrical spillover between production and natural habitats occurs in relation to productivity differences, with greater movement of predators and parasitoids in the managed-to-natural forest direction. The degree to which this affected species interactions has implications for landscape design to achieve conservation objectives in production landscapes.

This thesis explores the extent to which elite women of the eighteenth century commissioned architectural works and the extent to which the type and scale of their projects was dictated by their marital status. Traditionally, architectural historians have advocated that eighteenth-century architecture was purely the pursuit of men. Women, of course, were not absent during this period, but their involvement with architecture has been largely obscured and largely overlooked. This doctoral research has redressed this oversight through the scrutinising of known sources and the unearthing of new archival material. This thesis begins with an exploration of the legal and financial statuses of elite women, as encapsulated by the eighteenth-century marriage settlement. This encompasses brides’ portions or dowries, wives’ annuities or ‘pin-money’, widows’ dower or jointure, and provisions made for daughters and younger children. Following this, the thesis is divided into three main sections which each look at the ways in which women, depending upon their marital status, could engage in architecture. The first of these sections discusses unmarried women, where the patronage of the following patroness is examined: Anne Robinson; Lady Isabella Finch; Lady Elizabeth Hastings; Sophia Baddeley; George Anne Bellamy and Teresa Cornelys. The second section explores the patronage of married women, namely Jemima Yorke, Marchioness Grey; Amabel Hume-Campbell, Lady Polwarth; Mary Robinson, Baroness Grantham; Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough; Frances Boscawen; Elizabeth Herbert, Countess of Pembroke and Montgomery; Henrietta Knight, Baroness Luxborough and Lady Sarah Bunbury. The third and final section discusses the architectural patronage of widowed women, including Susanna Montgomery, Countess of Eglinton; Georgianna Spencer, Countess Spencer; Elizabeth Somerset, Duchess of Beaufort; Elizabeth Home, Countess of Home; Elizabeth Montagu; Mary Hervey, Lady Hervey; Henrietta Fermor, Countess of Pomfret; the Hon. Charlotte Digby; the Hon. Charlotte Boyle Walsingham; the Hon. Agneta Yorke and Albinia Brodrick, Viscountess Midleton. Collectively, all three sections advocate that elite women were at the heart of the architectural patronage system and exerted more influence and agency over architecture than has previously been recognised by architectural historians.

Este trabalho aborda a questão do Planejamento e do Desenho Ambiental nos assentamentos rurais brasileiros, oriundos das lutas pela terra das classes populares de trabalhadores urbanos e rurais organizados. Apresenta conceitos de ambientais e analisa os efeitos negativos das ações do homem sobre o Planeta. Discute a questão metodológica para a abordagem de problemas ambientais. Apresenta o conceito de Bacia Hidrográfica em sua concepção geofísica e ambiental. Utiliza o método de estudo de casos, ao apresentar o Assentamento I do município de Sumaré SP e o assentamento Padre Josimo no município de Teodoro Sampaio SP assentamentos rurais paulistas originados nas ocupações dos de terra e sua relação com o MST Movimento dos Sem Terra. Procede a um levantamento dos recursos ambientais e paisagísticos dos assentamentos, e perfaz análise dos impactos ambientais ocorridos e em curso nestas áreas. Finalizando, discute os possíveis caminhos futuros que garantam em longo prazo, a sustentabilidade destas áreas com melhoria da qualidade de vida e justiça social aos moradores dos assentamentos e das comunidades relacionadas ao contexto político, social, geográfico e econômico regional, portanto contexto ambiental. Conclui com a apresentação de propostas que configurem um cenário futuro de conservação, recuperação e desenvolvimento sustentável para o Assentamento I e para o assentamento Padre Josimo, baseadas na análise dos impactos ambientais levantados. Apresenta o Convênio Estadual da Microbacia do Córrego Taquara Branca e Pinheirinho, no Assentamento I como uma iniciativa governamental desencadeadora de um processo de recuperação ambiental da paisagem regional, com enfoque em Educação Ambiental. Apresenta para o assentamento Padre Josimo os programas de atuação das ONGs em parceria com assentamentos rurais como uma possibilidade de engajamento nos projetos de conservação ambiental regional visando a Educação Ambiental e geração de renda. / This paper discuss the Environmental Planning and Design issue on the country land occupation at Brazil, originated by the land disputes of organized land and urban workers. It shows environmental concepts and analyze the negative outcomes of human acts on the Planet. It discusses the methodological issue to approach the environmental problems. It also presents the Hydrological Basin concept in its geophysical and ecosystem optic and its importance as an analytical unit to the environmental planning. By using a case study method, it presents the experience of the \"Assentamento /\" at the Sumaré municipality at the State of São Paulo, and the country land Padre Josimo at the Teodoro Sampaio municipality at the State of São Paulo the countries lands occupations made by landless workers, in that State supported by the Landless Workers Movement (MST). It proceeds with an inventory of environmental and landscape resources of these lands occupations, and performs an analysis of landscape and environment impacts caused by these occupations, both on the past and currently. Finally, it discusses the possible future ways to guarantee the long term sustainability of those areas with quality of live improvement and social equity to the land occupants of those areas and related regional communities, in the social, political, geographical, and economical context. It ends up with the proposal, presentation of alternatives that configure future scenarios of conservation, recuperation and sustainable development to the \"Assentamento /\" of Sumaré, and the country land Padre Josimo based on environmental impact analysis performed. It presents the State Microbasin Agreement of Córrego Taquara Branca and Pinheirinho, as a governmental initiative that makes possible a regional landscape and environmental recuperation process, focusing at Environmental Education. It also presents for the country land Padre Josimo the programs of Ongs for country land partners as an of engaging possibility at a regional environmental conservation project aiming Environmental Education and income generation.

A l’image du bassin du Congo, la République Démocratique du Congo (République Démocratique du Congo) fait face à une réduction de la qualité et de la superficie de son couvert forestier. La présente étude avait pour objectif d’étudier l’effet de l’anthropisation, à travers la présence et les activités humaines sur la dynamique des paysages forestiers en République Démocratique du Congo. L’écologie du paysage, en tant que science pluridisciplinaire offre une très bonne approche à travers les indices et une méthodologie alliant la structure et la composition du paysage pour mettre en évidence les causes et les conséquences des processus écologiques. Ces approches sont basées sur le fait que en analysant la structure du paysage, des déductions utiles au sujet des processus écologiques fondamentaux peuvent être faites et vice versa. Les résultats ont montré, en quantifiant la dynamique spatio-temporelle de l’occupation du sol et par l’analyse et la caractérisation de la structure spatiale, que l’anthropisation est le moteur de la dynamique dans ces milieux forestiers. L’impact humain se traduit par une déstabilisation ou un dysfonctionnement des écosystèmes forestiers entraînant la dégradation, la fragmentation et la déforestation. Ainsi il a été montré que la proximité des villes est fortement corrélée à la dégradation et la perte d’habitats forestiers. Cela est fonction de l’importance socio-économique de ces villes car plus la ville est importante, plus elle attire la population ;que la densité de la population influence la fragmentation et l’incursion dans la forêt se fait en suivant les pistes et les routes mises en place généralement par les sociétés d’exploitation forestière. Le tout amplifié par la situation socio-économique difficile des populations et le manque de politiques de gestion appropriées de la part des gestionnaires publiques. Cette dynamique régressive du paysage forestier en République Démocratique du Congo aura une incidence négative sur les cycles climatiques globaux vu que le bassin du Congo est le plus grand bloc forestier après le bloc de l’Amazonie. La présente étude est donc un argument supplémentaire qui milite en faveur de la nécessité de prendre en compte les caractéristiques des populations locales dans les programmes de gestion de la forêt du bassin du Congo pour un meilleur équilibre écologique de la planète. / Like Congo basin, Democratic Republic of Congo’s forest covers are facing their reduction in quality and size. This study aimed to investigate the effect of human impact on forest landscape dynamics in DR Congo, through the human presence and its activities. Landscape ecology as a multidisciplinary science offers a very good approach through the index and a methodology combining the structure and the composition of the landscape to highlight the causes and the consequences of ecological processes. These approaches are based on the fact that by analyzing the structure of landscape, useful deductions about the underlying ecological processes can be made and vice versa. By quantifying the spatio-temporal dynamics of land use and by analysis and characterization of spatial structure, our results showed that anthropization is the driver of the dynamics in these forest environments. Human impact results in a destabilization or a dysfunction of the forest ecosystems involving degradation, fragmentation and deforestation. Thus it was shown that proximity to cities is strongly correlated to the degradation and loss of forest habitats. This depends on the socioeconomic importance of these cities because more the city is important, more it attracts people. Population density influences the fragmentation and the incursion into the forest is done by following the tracks and roads generally implemented by the logging companies. All amplified by socio-economic problems of population and lack of appropriate management policies on the part of public managers.This regressive dynamic forest landscape in République Démocratique du Congo will have a negative impact on global climate cycles because the Congo Basin is the largest forest block after Amazonia block. This study is another argument which advocates the need to take into account the characteristics of local population in forest management programs in the Congo Basin for a better ecological balance of planet. / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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