[pt] A dissertação A moda de Zuzu Angel e o campo do design tem como objetivo a análise de exemplos de modelos criados pela designer de moda Zuzu Angel, confrontando-os com narrativas oriundas de diversas fontes de informação (entrevistas, material biográfico, publicações da imprensa e documentos como fotos, cartas, press releases e convites) situando, assim a sua contribuição para a moda brasileira. Por vários motivos, como a sua trágica morte, ao longo do tempo, estabeleceu-se um consenso em torno de uma narrativa mítica sobre Zuzu Angel que modelou sua imagem como símbolo da mulher corajosa, inovadora e avançada para sua época. Essa narrativa fala também de sua obra, portanto a leitura do objeto fica embaçada não só pela forma como ela modela a imagem de Zuzu Angel, mas também pelos significados que atribui à sua produção. Neste trabalho, os modelos selecionados são analisados principalmente a partir da perspectiva simbólica e para isso é apresentado um levantamento do contexto sócio-cultural, assim como uma reflexão sobre sua biografia. Este procedimento torna compreensível o desenvolvimento de sua trajetória profissional e demonstra que foi preciso a combinação de uma série de fatores tais como a formação familiar e aspectos existenciais e motivacionais para que ela se tornasse um paradigma do campo do design e da moda brasileira. / [en] The dissertation Zuzu Angel s fashion and the field of design intends to analyze the examples of models created by the fashion designer Zuzu Angel, juxtaposing them with narratives of different sources of information (interviews, biographic material, press publications and documents such as photographs, letters, press releases and invitations) in order to contextually place her contribution to Brazilian fashion. For many reasons, such as her tragic death, a consensus has been established over the years around the mythical narrative about Zuzu Angel which has shaped her image as a symbol of the courageous, innovative and avant-garde woman of her time. This narrative also provides information about her work although the interpretation of the object is not clear, not only in the way in which it shapes her image, but also by the meanings it attributes to her work. In this dissertation, the models selected are analyzed mainly from a symbolic perspective and for that reason a survey of the socialcultural context is presented along with a reflection on her biography. This procedure explains the development of her professional trajectory and shows that a combination of many factors such as family background, existential and motivating aspects were necessary to turn Zuzu Angel into a paradigm on the field of design and Brazilian fashion.

This study adopts a post-structuralist point of view in order to examine the discoursive legitimation of the incorporation of a gender perspective in the Swedish Armed Forces. This is done by analysing empiric material primarily consisting of one of three parts of Handbook Gender as well as newspaper articles aimed both at the Swedish public and at the Swedish Armed Forces itself. Methodologically the study is conducted by applying Theo van Leeuwen’s discourse analytical framework of identifying legitimation arguments to the chosen empiric material. This is done order to establish what kind of legitimation arguments have been the most frequently used: rational, moral, or authority-based. The study finds that the Swedish Armed Forces has used a majority of rational arguments, a finding which is then discussed from a poststructuralist and gender-theoretical point of view. The author argues that the legitimation of a gender perspective in the Swedish Armed Forces has been done in harmony with the organization’s identity as an inherently masculine authority. This opens up to questions regarding whether the implementation of a gender perspective can be done without changing persisting norms of masculinity in the Swedish Armed Forces.

La déconstruction des liens de coopération entre les pouvoirs publics locaux et les migrants s'opère dans cette thèse par l'étude des réseaux d'alliance stratégiques en France et au Mali. Ils sont à l'origine du processus d'institutionnalisation de la migration et du développement dans les dispositifs locaux de coopération internationale dans la région de Kayes au Mali. L'engagement de ces acteurs met en lumière la multiplicité des stratégies de légitimation et la divergence des intérêts. La cohabitation de ces différentes rationalités permet d'étudier la dimension stratégique de cette alliance au prisme des luttes d'influence, de pouvoir, de résistance à la domination, d'identification et d'auto-identification. Cette recherche montre que malgré leur hétérogénéité, ces éléments contribuent de manière paradoxale à unifier les acteurs de la configuration locale de la migration et du développement. L'étude de cas de la coopération décentralisée entre la région de Kayes, la région d'Île-de-France et les ressortissants de la région de Kayes en France est mobilisée pour révéler l'importance stratégique de l'alliance créée entre migrants, pouvoirs locaux et ONG. Elle permet notamment de cerner les tensions, conflits et relations d'interdépendance au cœur des changements et des recompositions de la coopération décentralisée franco-malienne depuis maintenant trois décennies. La spécificité de cette coopération est finalement mise en exergue au moyen de l'étude de cas comparative des modes d'engagement français et canadiens dans le développement local au Mali. / The study of cooperation between local governments and migrants is realized in this research through its focus on strategic alliances networks in France and Mali. These networks are involved in the institutionalization process of migration and development in international activities of local governments in the region of Kayes (Mali). The commitment of these actors highlights the multiplicity of legitimization strategies, the marginalization of minority communities and the divergent interests. This research shows that despite their heterogeneity these issues contribute paradoxically to unify the actors of local migration and development configuration. The case study of decentralized cooperation between the region of Kayes, the region of Île-de-France and the migrants originated from Kayes is mobilized to reveal the strategic importance of the alliance created between migrants, local authorities and NGOs. It allows to identify the tensions, conflicts and interdependent relationship at the heart of changes and reconfigurations of franco-malian decentralized cooperation for the past three decades. The specificity of this cooperation is ultimately highlighted by comparative case study of French and Canadian modes of engagement in local development in Mali. This demonstration put special emphasis on the critical discourses of the Malian authorities as partners of international cooperation.

Anchored theoretically in critical discourse analysis and by using analytical tools from legitimization theory, this essay explores the communication within one particular kind of anti-abortion activism, called sidewalk counseling. Informed by previous research on abortion discourse, this study critically analyzes transcribed, authentic video material and accounts for legitimization strategies employed in sidewalk counselor language. The aims of this study are to investigate the linguistic make-up of sidewalk counselor communication, as well as how or to what extent sidewalk counselors motivate their activism in their speech, and to explore potential power relations in the communication. The results show that sidewalk counselors use a number of legitimization strategies in their communication, and they also indicate a power structure based in religiousness. Key findings include that appealing to interlocutors’ emotions is the most commonly used strategy by sidewalk counselors in the examined conversations, while referring to a hypothetical future is the least used strategy.

Denna uppsats har som avsikt att ta reda på hur två gym förmedlar värderingar runt träning i sina informerande webbtexter. Syftet med uppsatsen är att ta reda på vilken läsarroll som erbjuds i texterna, vilken modelläsare som konstrueras och hur gymmen legitimerar träning. Studien utgår från det teoretiska ramverket Appraisal, som är en förlängning av den mer etablerade språkmodellen Systemisk funktionell grammatik. Materialet som ligger till grund för analysen är hämtade från SATS och Friskis&Svettis hemsidor. Metoden för den kvalitativa textanalysen grundar sig i appraisalteorin och fokuserar på att synliggöra avsändarnas subjektiva värderingar av vad träning är och vem den är till för. Resultatet visar att gymmen tillskriver författaren kunskapsauktoritet som skapar en accepterande läsarroll till textens innehåll och texten som källa. Modelläsaren hos Friskis&Svettis ser sin träning som en del av en kollektiv och prestationsfri gemenskap. Modelläsaren hos SATS ser däremot träning som ett individuellt behov och strävar efter utveckling. Analysen visar att gymmen legitimerar träning genom att förmedla ståndpunkten att den som tränar mår bättre samt att träning är något bra och eftersträvansvärt.

The aim of this thesis is to study how electoral authoritarian regimes remain resilient over time, by observing how they handle challenges to their rule. More specifically, the thesis will focus on the strategies used to legitimize further rule. This will be achieved by conducting a case study on Rwanda and investigating how the Rwandan government uses insecurity and threat perception to legitimize further rule during the period 2010-2019. The theoretical framework consists of both Andreas Schedler’s definition of an electoral authoritarian regime as well as securitization theory. The material used is speech acts by important actors from the time period in question as well as law changes and information on how existing laws are used. With the use of critical discourse analysis, the thesis concludes that the Rwandan government has developed a discourse of traitor/patriot by securitizing traitors, strategically varying in intensity throughout the time period. Political opposition is effectively repressed by referring to the threats mentioned in the speech acts. To successfully circumvent the main flaw of electoral authoritarian regimes according to Schedler’s theory (uncertainty), the Rwandan government creates uncertainties themselves and then refers to the very same uncertainties to legitimize continuous rule.

In July 2018, Bulgaria’s Constitutional Court rejected the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence (better known as the Istanbul Convention). This rejection came following a wave of civic activism, which scholars characterized as the first anti-gender campaign in Bulgaria. Three years after the Constitutional Court’s decision, the Istanbul Convention continues to occupy online and offline public space, still provoking controversy and sparking heated debates. Employing critical discourse analysis (CDA), this thesis analyzes comments under Facebook posts mentioning the Istanbul Convention between 2017 and 2021. The posts appear on the Facebook pages of two ideologically opposing civil organizations that actively participated in the debate around the Convention’s ratification. Using Reyes’ (2011) concept of de/legitimization discourse, this paper analyses the online discussion around the Convention, exploring how de/legitimization discourses are utilized by the two ideologically opposing communities. To account for the role of Facebook as a discursive practice, the study further explores how the architectures and affordances of Facebook as a platform contribute to the polarization of the IC discussion. The analysis reveals the instrumentality of de/legitimization discourses for constructing pro- and anti-IC activist groups, for redefining the meaning of ‘gender’ in Bulgarian society, and later for transforming the meaning of the phrase ‘the Istanbul Convention’ to outgrow a reference to one document and become a signifier of values. Additionally, the study highlights three types of Facebook affordances that were found to affect the discussion’s polarization: identity, social, and functional.

1 Abstract Humanitarian intervention is one of the most contentious issues of contemporary international politics. The roots of the concept of humanitarian intervention can be traced back to the just war theory. Having examined the practice of states, I lean towards the opinion that the international custom legalizing humanitarian intervention has not fully crystallized. Although the realist school comes up with a few very convincing points, I think that the Charter of the United Nations, as it stands now, does not allow to carry out a humanitarian intervention. The International Court of Justice case law does not consider humanitarian intervention legal. The concept of human security became one of the fundamental sources of legitimization of the Responsibility to Protect doctrine. It also served as one of the principles, upon which the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty had built the doctrine of The Responsibility to Protect. The principles of the Responsibility to Protect doctrine were passed by the UN General Assembly at the 2005 World Summit. A year later, these principles were referred to in a Security Council resolution on the protection of civilians in armed conflict. Although the United Nations General Assembly resolutions are not legally binding, their come from the fact...

The thesis "Nuclear Iran Oversecuritized? The Politics of Benjamin Netanyahu's Speeches" is concerned with the Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's speeches held in front of the UN, American Congress, Jewish lobby in the US AIPAC and foreign audience by several special occasions. It is based on the assumption that language is not only a neutral communication tool, but also a political tool serving the aim of achieving political goals. The aim of the thesis is to identify the linguistic tools of categorization, legitimization and securitization which Netanyahu used in order to persuade the international audience about the imminence and existential character of the threat posed by Iranian nuclear programme, and finally to achieve its elimination or at least tough punishment for Iranian non-compliance. Moreover, the thesis provides the reader with the overall context, namely the effect of Netanyahu's speeches, the nature of Iranian nuclear programme and its consequences for the situation in the Middle East.

This research into Baptist leadership examines the processes of Christian leadership in terms of human relationships in churches under the microscope of a leadership theory known as leader member exchange theory (LMX), and discovers the correlation between a high level of LMX in a local church and the positive outcomes of leader legitimation in a society where pastoral tenure and pastoral termination project disheartening statistics. LMX theory is particularly suited for the study of the Baptist congregational leadership paradigm with emphasis on heightened follower participation in dyadic relationships between the pastor and church members. In the light of current convoluted leadership praxis, provides an appropriate theoretical tool for relational analysis. The background to this thesis is the perceived growing inclination among Baptist pastors to adopt a leadership paradigm, which exalts the person and role of the pastor to the exclusion of the church members. This “great man theory” is being modeled from sources that focus on church growth rather than church health, and represents a departure from servant leadership, which has long been the model for Baptists in general. This “new” trend of charismatic leadership may be one of the reasons for the inclination toward shorter tenures and pastoral termination, among Baptists, particularly in the USA. Understanding the peculiarities of congregational government is of particular importance to the research, with emphasis on the perceptions and expectations of church members regarding current leadership in their local church, and how the perception of personal value correlation translates into member satisfaction. The Literature on leadership offers a multiplicity of innovative ideas, mostly focused on the leader, and after literature research into the subjects of transactional transformational, complexity theory, and servant leadership no single theory of leadership offers completeness, hence the term quantum or complexity will assist in moving Baptist pastors from average leadership. <p.Critical elements of LMX were identified in the literature and processed into the questionnaire, which was distributed to among Baptist churches in South Africa and the United States. The results of the research are then analysed in the light of LMX theory, and the conclusion that in the congregational structure of Baptists, LMX theory offers valuable insights into member satisfaction. The characteristic of practical theology is the critical correlation of theological insight and empirical observation that will result in a new theory of praxis, and the final purpose is to focus attention on the positive outcome of healthy leader member exchange in local churches and the extended zone of influence through enhanced legitimation of pastoral leadership. / Thesis (PhD (Practical Theology))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Practical Theology / PhD / unrestricted