Dans le domaine du Traitement Automatique des Langues Naturelles, l'exploitation d'énoncés en langues des signes occupe une place à part. En raison des spécificités propres à la Langue des Signes Française (LSF) comme la simultanéité de plusieurs paramètres, le fort rôle de l'expression du visage, le recours massif à des unités gestuelles iconiques et l'utilisation de l'espace pour structurer l'énoncé, de nouvelles méthodes de traitement doivent être adaptées à cette langue. Nous exposons d'abord une méthode de suivi basée sur un filtre particulaire, permettant de déterminer à tout moment la position de la tête, des coudes, du buste et des mains d'un signeur dans une vidéo mono-vue. Cette méthode a été adaptée à la LSF pour la rendre plus robuste aux occultations, aux sorties de cadre et aux inversions des mains du signeur. Ensuite, l'analyse de données issues de capture de mouvement nous permet d'aboutir à une catégorisation de différents mouvements fréquemment utilisés dans la production de signes. Nous en proposons un modèle paramétrique que nous utilisons dans le cadre de la recherche de signes dans une vidéo, à partir d'un exemple vidéo de signe. Ces modèles de mouvement sont enfin réutilisés dans des applications permettant d'assister un utilisateur dans la création d'images de signe et la segmentation d'une vidéo en signes.

Les dictionnaires sont considérés comme des passerelles entre les langues. Au cours des dernières décennies, ils se sont rapidement adaptés aux nouvelles technologies. En effet, ils ont dépassé leur aspect classique de livres, pour conquérir le nouveau monde d’Internet. Ce développement leur a permis d’avoir plus d’accessibilité et plus de réactivité grâce à l’utilisation de différents systèmes d’indexation et de classification adéquats. Malgré la différence de structure entre la langue vocale et la langue des signes, cette dernière ne fait pas exception.Lors de ce travail, nous avons développé un système de recherche intelligent, capable de trouver la signification d’un signe de la langue des signes française à partir des paramètres du signe lui-même. Toutefois, la structure visuo-gestuelle de la langue des signes pose des difficultés pratiques à la mise en œuvre informatique de cette langue. La particularité de sa grammaire, d’être pratiquée dans l’espace, nous a encouragée à travailler sur une approche pragmatique, qui facilite l’accès à son vocabulaire pour toute personne s’intéressant à la langue des signes française.Lors de nos expérimentations, nous avons mis en place une plate-forme web de recherche des signes, puis nous avons analysé les requêtes des utilisateurs connectés à cette plate-forme. Cette analyse avait pour but d’identifier les paramètres nécessaires au développement d’un système léger, capable de trouver facilement la signification d’un signe en langue française. / Dictionaries can be seen as bridges between languages. Recently, They have quickly adapted themselves to new technologies like many other sources of knowledge. Indeed, they have overreach their tradictional look of books, to carry themselves in the new world of the Internet. This development has enabled them to reach new levels of accessibility and responsiveness through the use of different indexing and classification adequate systems. Despite its different structure with vocal language, sign language is no exception on this ground.In this work, we developed an intelligent searching system, able to give the meaning of a sign of the French sign language through different parameters of the sign itself. However, the visual-gestural structure of sign languages poses practical difficulties in the computing implementation of this language. The particularity of its grammar, the fact that it has to be performed in space encouraged us to work on a pragmatic approach, which facilitates access to its vocabulary for anyone interested in French Sign Language.In our experimentation, we set up a web platform of signs search, and then analyzed the requests of users that have been connected to this platform. This analysis led us to identify the parameters necessary to develop a light system that can easily provide the meaning of a sign in French.

A motivação inicial deste trabalho foi o interesse pelo desenvolvimento de estratégias argumentativas mais eficazes de ensino de produção textual na escola básica, no âmbito dos gêneros organizados segundo modo argumentativo. Além disso, motivou-nos também a percepção de que um grande número de alunas leem, hoje, crônicas voltadas para o público feminino, tendo seu discurso altamente influenciado pelo conteúdo ideológico-comportamental por elas veiculado o que acaba se refletindo nos textos que escrevem nas aulas de redação. Esse fato chamou nossa atenção, o que nos levou a perceber, também, a vendagem em massa de livros de autoajuda para mulheres. Percebemos que, ao examinarmos as escolhas linguísticas de um discurso de autoajuda, poderíamos trazer à tona algumas crenças e alguns valores, subjacentes à mensagem relativa à experiência de ser mulher e invisíveis para quem aceita esse tipo de discurso como algo natural. Analisaremos então - tendo como suporte teórico a Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional proposta por Halliday, no escopo da transitividade cinco crônicas voltada para o público feminino, com características dos discursos de autoajuda, em cujos textos se vê um grande quantitativo de estratégias argumentativas (algumas clichês) para o convencimento do leitor, estratégias essas apoiadas nas escolhas linguísticas de seus autores, cujo objetivo claro é a produção de determinados sentidos / The initial motivation of this work was the interest by the development of the most efficient text productions strategies on elementary and high school. Furthermore prompted us, that a large number of female students read crhonichals directed to women audience, having their speech heavily influenced by behavioral- ideological content conveyed by them which is reflected in the texts they write in writing production classes. We realized that when we examine the grammatical choices of a self-help text could bring out some beliefs and some values that belongs to the message, and would say invisible to those who accept this type of speech as something natural. Thinking this way, we form our corpus from five chronics for the female audience, because we believe that this specimen contained a lot of characteristics that also appeared in texts belonging to what we call self-help and we will analyze them supported by Systemic Functional Linguistics proposed by Halliday. Our goal is therefore to characterize self-help women's texts chronics as argumentative structure very similar to argumentative structure of the proverbs, establishing the necessary links between the use of clichés phrases and their persuasive objectives facing to women in general and evaluate the argumentative strategies used by the authors of self-help books as exemplars for the production of argumentative texts in school. With this, we hope we contributed to form critical readers able to realize the common sense and the cliché in argumentative texts such as texts of self-help books and to form producers of argumentative clear objectives and effective texts in view of the communicative goal of its author

O presente projeto de pesquisa trata da investigação detalhada dos aspectos relacionados à \'\'Região Ótima\" do campo de radiação, particularmente voltada a sistemas mamográficos. Tal região foi definida em pesquisas anteriores como a faixa do campo onde o sistema apresenta sua melhor performance em termos de resolução espacial, produzindo, portanto, imagens mais nítidas. A investigação aqui proposta tomará por base a associação de dois métodos de avaliação de sistemas de imagem radiológica, que empregam simulação computacional para determinar as Funções de Transferência de Modulação (FTMs) - método de simulação a partir da FEL [SCHIABEL92] e método de simulação a partir da FEP [MARQUES92] - devidas ao ponto focal em diversas orientações e posições do campo. A finalidade é propor um método de prever a existência e extensão da Região Ótima, bem como seu significado prático para a nitidez da imagem e para a utilização de equipamentos mamográficos não isotrópicos, através de comparações entre os modelos de simulação. A comprovação prática dos resultados e das conclusões foi complementada com avaliações de imagens radiográficas feitas com \"phantoms\". / The propose of this work is to make a detailed investigation related with the optimum region aspects of x-rays radiation fields, specially in mammographic systems. Previous researches defined the optimum region as a field range where the system produces the best performance and best sharpened images.This investigation is based on the association of two analysis methods of radiological imaging systems which use computational simulation to determine the focal spot Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) - simulation method of Spread Line Function [SCHIABEL92] and simulation method of Spread Point Function [MARQUES94] - in severa! orientations and x-ray field positions. The intent is to propose a method to preview the existence of the optimum region, as well its practical meaning for the image sharpness and the utilization of a non-isotropic mammographic equipment, through comparison between both simulation models. The practical validation of the results and conclusions was complemented with the valuation of some radiographic images made with \"phantoms\".

Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2016-12-16T12:12:24Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação -Carlos Henrique Alves Vieira - 2016.pdf: 4876884 bytes, checksum: 8af4edf94c4c71c82a5397db01da52d8 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Rejected by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com), reason: Olá Cássia =) Tem um e-mail lá no Teses e Dissertações que é de um Carlos Henrique Alves Vieira que tbm pediu pra substituir o documento. Eu vou rejeitar o seu depósito na BDTD e já passei o email dele pra sua pasta de conferidos ;) Beijos, Jaque on 2016-12-16T16:23:47Z (GMT) / Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2016-12-19T11:19:57Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Carlos Henrique Alves Vieira - 2016.pdf: 4887497 bytes, checksum: cc1b8bac129bcf3373e7b3cf1542b56b (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-12-27T12:31:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Carlos Henrique Alves Vieira - 2016.pdf: 4887497 bytes, checksum: cc1b8bac129bcf3373e7b3cf1542b56b (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-27T12:31:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Carlos Henrique Alves Vieira - 2016.pdf: 4887497 bytes, checksum: cc1b8bac129bcf3373e7b3cf1542b56b (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This master's research aims to describe and analyse the lexical-grammatical features of attitude in comments in order to understand how the public blogs for Portuguese teaching evaluate the process of teaching and learning in its various aspects, especially those that relate directly to the issue of education offered in them. These assessments are fundamental to understand, in general, the operation of non-institutional educational blogs for mother tongue teaching, for only the participants can measure the quality of this process, necessarily to be the target audience of these blogs. / Esta pesquisa de mestrado tem como objetivo a descrição e análise dos recursos léxico-gramaticais de atitude em comentários, a fim de compreender como o público de blogs para o ensino de Língua Portuguesa avalia esse processo de ensino-aprendizagem em seus mais diversos aspectos, sobretudo os que se relacionam diretamente à questão do ensino neles oferecido. Essas avaliações são fundamentais para entender, em linhas gerais, o funcionamento dos blogs educativos não institucionais para o ensino de língua materna, pois somente os participantes podem mensurar a qualidade desse processo, necessariamente por serem o público-alvo desses blogs

No description available.

This diploma thesis deals with the displaying process evaluation from the resolution capabilities of the ultra-sonic probe point of view. As a part of the thesis a method for measuring the response from point spread function (PSF) and method for measuring the response from linear spread function LSF were designed. Collected data were processed in the Matlab environment. Basic evaluation parameters of the space resolution capabilities were set and used – axial, lateral and traversal resolution.

Transcription factor LSF is an oncogene in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). HCC is the sixth most common cancer worldwide and the second highest cause of cancer-related death globally. LSF is overexpressed in human HCC cell lines, compared to normal hepatocytes, and expression levels show significant correlation with the stage and grades of the disease. Current treatments for HCC are insufficient, especially given the frequency of late stage diagnoses. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the molecular mechanism of HCC disease to aid in targeted and effective treatments. Most investigations of the regulation of LSF activity have focused on its post-translational modifications in response to cellular proliferation and signal transduction. Chromatin modifications and epigenetic mechanisms of LSF-mediated gene regulation had not been investigated. Given that alterations of epigenetic writers or readers have been demonstrated in a large fraction of HCC patient samples, I examined the connection between LSF and epigenetic regulators. In particular, LSF is shown to interact with DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and Ubiquitin like with PHD and Ring Finger Domains (UHRF1), with consequences for global DNA methylation and transcription patterns. Additionally, I identified unexpected, pairwise associations between LSF, histone methyltransferase SET8, and tubulin, both in vitro and in vivo. The interactions were identified by proteomics analyses, co-localization, co-immunoprecipitation, and direct protein-protein interaction studies in vitro. Strikingly, both LSF and SET8 associate with microtubules, leading to the discovery that SET8 methylates α-tubulin at several novel, specific lysines. This suggests parallels between regulation of chromatin by the histone code and regulation of microtubule function by the tubulin code. Surprisingly, LSF enhances tubulin methylation by SET8 in vitro and FQI1, a specific LSF small molecule inhibitor, reduces tubulin methylation. Furthermore, LSF promotes, and FQI1 inhibits, tubulin polymerization in vitro. Taken together, these findings suggest that SET8 is a microtubule-associated methyltransferase that LSF recruits to microtubules to enhance tubulin modification. The results indicate that both LSF and SET8 have cellular implications beyond their roles in gene transcription and histone methylation. Finally, this discovery of the dual functions for LSF and SET8 set up the possibility for connections between epigenetic and cytoskeleton modifications in cancer. / 2021-12-24T00:00:00Z

Comment La langue vient à l’enfant sourd selon qu’il se trouve dans un environnement sourd ou entendant ?Telle est la question que tente de mettre au travail cette thèse de psychologie clinique.L’histoire des sourds du moyen-âge jusqu’à nos jours comporte différentes positions idéologiques quant à l’accès au langage. Encore aujourd’hui la position « phonocentrée » reste prépondérante. La personne sourde est perçue comme une personne handicapée qu’il faut rééduquer. Les appareillages les plus sophistiqués, les séances d’orthophonie, doivent faire parler l’enfant sourd. La langue des signes ne reste qu’un pis-aller, non réellement investie comme une langue à part entière dans l’éducation de l’enfant sourd.Le bébé sourd naît le plus souvent dans un environnement entendant. La découverte de la surdité n’a lieu qu’aux environs du second semestre de la vie du bébé. Ce diagnostic représente un véritable traumatisme psychique pour les parents entendants. Ils se sentent le plus souvent trahis par ce « nouveau » bébé. L’urgence de la rééducation orale vient colmater la blessure narcissique faite aux parents. Dans ce contexte, le risque est grand pour le bébé de perdre l’étayage du « miroir environnement » et de se retrouver face à un vécu de « déprivation ». La surdité représente une autre manière d’être au monde, une autre manière de l’appréhender et d’interagir avec lui. Etre sourd aux bruits environnants ne signifie pas être sans langage. La langue des signes est une invention humaine extraordinaire qui nécessite de changer de paradigme. Elle interroge la problématique de la communication en général.Comment le bébé sourd interagit avec son environnement sourd et entendant? Ce bébé sourd présente une sensorialité spécifique qui nécessite un positionnement relationnel particulier de la part de son environnement entendant.L’observation filmée de trois dyades mère-bébé sourd, âgés de deux mois à deux ans, propose quelques éléments de réponse Le rythme, dans la clinique de la rencontre, apparaît comme un concept essentiel dans l’accordage de la dyade mère-bébé. / How does a child acquire language whether it finds itself in a deaf environnement or a normal (hearing) one ?That is the question that this clinical psychology thesis inquires.The history of the deaf community through the Middle Ages until today is composed of different ideological positions concerning how language is acquired. Until today, the « phonocentric » position remains preponderant. The deaf person is percieved (apprehended) as a handicapped person who needs to be re-educated. The most sophisticated material, speach therapy sessions, are supposed to make the deaf child speak. Sign language remains the last resort, not really considered as a language, in all senses of the term, when used as education for the deaf child.The deaf baby is most frequently born in a normally hearing environment. Discovery of deafness only occurs around the second semester of the baby’s life. This diagnosis can represent an absolute trauma for normally hearing parents. They often feel betrayed by this « new » baby. The emergency of getting oral re-education started is an attempt to make up for the narcissic wound inflicted on the parents. In this context, there is a great risk that the baby will lose the propping up of the « mirror environment » only to find itself confronted with a feeling of « deprivation ».Deafness represents a different way of being in the world, another way of apprehending and interacting with it. Being deaf to environing noise does not imply being without language. Sign language is an extraordinary human invention which implies changing the paradigm. It questions the problem of communication in general.How does the deaf baby interact with both normally hearing and a deaf environment ? The deaf baby has specific sensoriality which requires a particular relational position on behalf of its normally hearing environment.The video-observation of three mother-deaf baby dyads, from two months old to two years of age, proposes parts of a reply to these questions. Rythm, in the clinical situation of meeting, appears as a fundamental concept concerning the getting together of mother and baby dyad.

This study aims to map genres used in the teaching of Natural Sciences in the Brazilian school context, more specifically in the 6th year textbooks. Therefore, the research is based on the theoretical and methodological perspective of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL), especially in studies related to genre analysis (MARTIN; ROSE, 2008; ROSE; MARTIN, 2012). We adopted as universe of analysis two textbooks offered by the Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PLND) to Brazilian public schools of basic education in the 2014-2016 triennium (BRASIL, 2013). We selected as corpus chapters of these textbooks that approach three specific contents: living beings nutrition, garbage and macrocosm. The analytical procedures of the corpus followed the principles of Register and Genre Theory (EGGINS; MARTIN, 1997; MARTIN; ROSE, 2008). This analytical approach foresee the grammatical (HALLIDAY; MATTHIESSEN, 2014) and discursive descriptions (MARTIN, 1992; MARTIN; ROSE, 2007) as the basis for identification of record patterns (HALLIDAY, 1989; MARTIN, 1992), which enables check genres used to teach the selected content (VEEL, 1997; COFFIN, 2006; MARTIN; ROSE, 2008; CHRISTIE; DEREWIANKA, 2010). The results in terms of mapped genres were similar to families identified by Veel (1997): procedures, reports, explanations and arguments. Our analysis allowed identifying an unpredicted family by the author, the family of histories. The occurrence of histories in the corpus is due to the Brazilian political-educational context, since the guiding documents of Natural Sciences teaching, such as the Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (PCN) (BRASIL, 1998), advise working with contents that allow students to understand the relationships between the current scientific knowledge and its historical evolution. In addition, we also found a genre uncatalogued in previous studies of SFL. We call this genre, which we endorse as part of the family of procedures, procedure for analysis, since its social communicative purpose is request analysis on a given fact/social situation, especially those related to the environmental impact of human actions. The occurrence of this genre is also justified due to political and educational context of Brazil, since the PCN indicate as the goal of teaching Natural Sciences the interpretation of environmental imbalance situations resulting of human interference. Finally, our analysis allowed identifying that genres perform social and communicative purposes not only on the paradigmatic axis (MARTIN; ROSE, 2008), that is, as members of a specific family of genres, but also on the syntagmatic axis, this is, in the way they are combined in the structure of the macro genre book chapter. Our study found that each genre fulfills specific roles in the development of the content in the analyzed chapters. In general, we can ensure that reports and explanations perform the function of expanding the content addressed, the procedures serve to enlarge the content, arguments genres act to take the students to adopt particular placement in relation to the content, and histories serve to historically contextualize the subject studied. In short, although more research of this nature are necessary to strengthen or to reconsider the data we found, these results signal some important aspects of school culture in relation to the Natural Sciences teaching in the Brazilian context, and already show some language characteristics that can be used by language and/or Natural Sciences teachers in reading and writing activities about the phenomena of nature. / O presente estudo tem como objetivo principal mapear gêneros usados no ensino da área de ciências naturais em contexto escolar brasileiro, mais especificamente em livros didáticos (LDs) de 6º ano. Para atingir tal propósito, a pesquisa se fundamenta na perspectiva teóricometodológica da Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional (LSF), especialmente nos estudos relacionados à análise de gêneros (MARTIN; ROSE, 2008; ROSE; MARTIN, 2012). Adotamos como universo de análise dois LDs oferecidos pelo Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PLND) às escolas públicas brasileiras de educação básica, no triênio 2014-2016 (BRASIL, 2013). Selecionamos como corpus capítulos desses LDs que abordam três conteúdos específicos: alimentação dos seres vivos, lixo e macrocosmo. Os procedimentos analíticos do corpus seguiram os princípios da Teoria de Gênero e Registro (EGGINS; MARTIN, 1997; MARTIN; ROSE, 2008). Essa abordagem analítica prevê as descrições gramatical (HALLIDAY; MATTHIESSEN, 2014) e discursiva (MARTIN, 1992; MARTIN; ROSE, 2007) como base para a identificação de padrões de registro (HALLIDAY, 1989; MARTIN, 1992), o que possibilita verificar os gêneros usados para ensinar os conteúdos selecionados (VEEL, 1997; COFFIN, 2006; MARTIN; ROSE, 2008; CHRISTIE; DEREWIANKA, 2010). Os resultados encontrados, em termos dos gêneros mapeados, apresentaram semelhança às famílias identificadas por Veel (1997): a dos procedimentos, a dos relatórios, a das explicações e a dos argumentos. Nossa análise permitiu identificar ainda uma família não prevista pelo autor, a família das histórias. A ocorrência de histórias no corpus se deve ao contexto político-educacional brasileiro, uma vez que os documentos orientadores do ensino de ciências naturais, como os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (BRASIL, 1998), aconselham o trabalho com conteúdos que possibilitem ao aluno perceber as relações existentes entre os conhecimentos científicos atuais e sua evolução histórica. Além disso, verificamos também um gênero não catalogado nos estudos prévios da LSF. Denominamos esse gênero, que defendemos fazer parte da família dos procedimentos, de Instrução para análise, pois seu propósito sociocomunicativo é solicitar a análise de um dado fato/situação social, em especial aqueles relacionados ao impacto ambiental das ações humanas. A ocorrência desse gênero também se justifica em função contexto políticoeducacional do Brasil, já que os PCNs indicam como objetivo do ensino de ciências naturais a interpretação de situações de desequilíbrio ambiental resultante da interferência humana. Para concluir, nossa análise permitiu identificar que os gêneros realizam propósitos sociocomuncativos não só no eixo paradigmático (MARTIN; ROSE, 2008), ou seja, como membros de uma dada família de gêneros, mas também no eixo sintagmático, isto é, no modo como são combinados na estrutura do macrogênero capítulo de livro. Nosso estudo verificou que cada gênero cumpre função específica no desenvolvimento do conteúdo nos capítulos analisados. De modo geral, podemos assegurar que os relatórios e as explicações desempenham a função de ampliar o conteúdo abordado, os procedimentos servem para retomar o conteúdo, os gêneros dos argumentos atuam para levar o aluno a adotar determinado posicionamento em relação ao conteúdo e as histórias servem para contextualizar historicamente o assunto estudado. Em suma, embora sejam necessárias mais pesquisas dessa natureza para reforçar ou reconsiderar os resultados por nós encontrados, tais dados sinalizam alguns aspectos importantes da cultura escolar no que se refere ao ensino de ciências naturais no contexto brasileiro e já demonstram algumas características da língua que podem ser utilizadas por professores de linguagem e/ou de ciências naturais em atividades de leitura e escrita sobre os fenômenos da natureza.