Qu’ils mettent en avant une figure historique ou un personnage fictif, les Mémoires de Courtilz de Sandras, publiés entre 1687 et 1758, marquent l’essor d’une forme romanesque fondée sur le simulacre de l’écriture mémorialiste. Ces romans empruntent l’aspect de mémoires dont les signataires fictifs sont des acteurs du règne de Louis XIII ou des contemporains parfois célèbres de Courtilz ; cependant, loin d’induire en erreur le lectorat, l’origine fictive de ces récits, qui justifie le qualificatif d’apocryphes, n’a pas empêché les critiques des XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles de déceler derrière les auteurs supposés la présence d’un romancier anonyme. Entre illusion et vérité, ces pseudo-mémoires à la première personne, qui mêlent véracité biographique, exactitude historique et invention romanesque, invitent à redéfinir les notions d’authenticité et de fiction, à la lumière du pacte tacite qui s’établit entre l’auteur et le lecteur, unis dans une conscience commune du simulacre. L’examen des rapports complexes que ces textes entretiennent avec les mémoires et l’histoire permet de les situer dans l’évolution des formes romanesques à l’âge classique. Enfin, la fiction de l’écriture mémorialiste autorise un brouillage des voix dont l’analyse révèle la pluralité des discours mis en œuvre par Courtilz : à la voix du mémorialiste fictif se superpose et souvent s’oppose la voix du romancier, qui, à travers les faits du récit, formule en filigrane un discours satirique sur le monde, incompatible avec celui des personnages. Véritable instrument polémique, la rencontre de ces discours contradictoires participe d’un univers romanesque pessimiste où transparaît l’échec existentiel des héros. / Whether they highlight a historical figure or a fictional character, the Memoirs of Courtilz de Sandras, published between 1687 and 1758, mark the emergence of a type of fiction based upon the pretence of memorialist writing. These novelistic works assume the form of memoirs whose fictitious authors are individuals from the reign of Louis XIII or well-known contemporaries of Courtilz. Far from misleading the readers, the fictional origin of these narratives, which justifies their being called apocryphal, did not prevent the literary critics of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries from detecting behind the purported authors an anonymous novelist. Between illusion and truth, these so-called memoirs written in the first person, mixing biographical veracity, historical accuracy and fictional invention, urge to redefine the notions of authenticity and fiction, in the light of the tacit pact between the writer and the reader, united in a common awareness of pretence. Studying the complex relationship that these novels share with authentic memoirs and history permits to situate them in the evolution of the works of fiction in the French classical age. The fiction of memorialist writing allows the mixing of the voices, which reveals the plurality of the discourses used by Courtilz: to the voice of the fictitious memorialist, the voice of the novelist is superimposed if not opposed. Through the narrative, the novelist implicitly expresses a satirical speech about the world, irrelevant with the one of the characters. A real instrument of controversy, the interweaving of the two discourses partakes of a pessimistic fictional world which emphasizes the existential failure of the heroes.

This thesis examines the descriptions of Royalist and Parliamentarian masculinity in English Civil War memoirs by women through a close reading of three biographical memoirs written by Margaret Cavendish, duchess of Newcastle; Lady Ann Fanshawe; and Lucy Hutchinson. Descriptions of masculinity are evaluated through the lens of Raewyn Connell's theory of hegemonic masculinity to understand the impact two competing models of masculinity had on the social and political culture of the period. The prevailing Parliamentarian hegemonic masculinity in English Civil War memoirs is traced to its origins before the English Civil War to demonstrate how hegemonic masculinity changes over time. The thesis argues that these memoirs provide evidence of two competing models of Royalist and Parliamentarian masculinities during the Civil War that date back to changes in the Puritan meaning of the phrase “man of merit”, which influenced the development of a Parliamentarian model of masculinity.

L’Orient de la Princesse Bibesco comporte plusieurs facettes et dépasse la dimension spatiale. Dans cette recherche, nous avons abordé premièrement une expérience « antérieure » à l’existence terrestre de Marthe, dévoilée dans ses mémoires– La Nymphe Europe. Livre I. Mes vies antérieures . Cette première partie nous l’avons appelée l’Orient historique/ hérité. Ensuite, notre recherche met en question un Orient créé (au palais de Mogoşoaia, sa résidence roumaine qu’elle appelle « un coin d’Orient »), un autre Orient vécu et idéalisé dans des notes de voyages où elle se montre plutôt une observatrice subjective et parfois critique. Finalement un Orient conservé est dévoilé dans le folklore roumain représentant d’une part, le retour aux sources de l’humanité et d’autre part, l’élément exotique pour le public étranger. La vocation pour cette culture est constante dans la plupart des œuvres bibesciennes et exploitée sous différentes formes. Ce concept n’aura jamais dans son œuvre un sens dépréciatif, bien au contraire. Marthe Bibesco cherche la légende, le charme, le mirage orientaux. Pour elle le terme Orient ne désigne pas cet espace clos d’où tout le monde veut s’évader, mais la terre authentique, capable d’offrir à l’explorateur le plus beau spectacle. / Princess Marthe Bibesco’s Orient enfolds many facets and it rises above the spatial dimension. In our research, we have especially centred round the “historical” or the “inherited” Orient, identified in her memoirs La Nymphe Europe. Livre I. Mes vies antérieures , and the “created” Orient (at Mogosoaia Palace, her Romanian residence). The second part of the research paper emphasizes the “experienced”/ “real” Orient as space narrated in her notes on travelling where the Princess proved to be a subjective observer and rarely a critic. At last, the Orient appears as “preserved” in the Romanian folklore. The latter represents on one hand, the return to origins and on the other hand, it becomes the exotic element for the foreign audience. The vocation for this culture is constantly found in Bibesco’s work and exploited in many different ways. This concept will never have a disparaging sense, on the contrary. Marthe Bibesco is in search of legend, charm, oriental mirage. For her the term “Orient” does not suggest closed space, but authentic territory, capable of offering to the explorer the most spectacular performance.

The purpose of diploma work is formulate typology of nobleman in polish literary at 17 - 19 centuries. The theoretical part will include closer look on creativity of chosen authors and theirs works will be set into historical-literary context (for example notion sarmatism, noble culture in era of Romanism etc.). Analysis section will notice on mutual parallel and also on particular specific of each authors respectively on theirs texts if is it conception of noble character. Author of this task will issue from 3 main texts: Memoirs who's author is J. Ch. Pasek, from Mickiewicz's Pan Tadeasz and from trilogy of Henryk Sienkiewicz. Main attention will be focused on characteristic of nobleman, his perception of the world and problems of noble morality.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:33:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Islan.pdf: 24593742 bytes, checksum: 5c491c00907f48b70bb44b448318521a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-04-17 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The present research is intended to rebuild the history of Fazenda Amália school, located in the city of Santa Rosa do Viterbo area of Ribeirão Preto, the countryside of São Paulo State from 1942 to 1966, when a general strike happened which led to its decline. It is the study of a school institution that, despite of being public, was located inside a private property (farm): Fazenda Amália, that belonged to Matarazzo family and constituted one of the most important rural properties of the countryside in São Paulo regarding the culture of sugarcane, besides its inside sugar factory. Most of workers lived in the farm and, considering the great number of school aged children, Fazenda Amália School was created in 1942, which gathered the existent schools in the property. This study is based on the exam of the still available materials of the institution (Meeting Minutes, Students Books of Registrations, Diaries, Maps of the school movement; Inventory of possessions, Balance sheets, Books of Setlement, Registration Book; among others) and the accomplishment of interviews with 4 former teachers and principals. Through the analysis of that material, it was possible In this first version of the history of Fazenda Amália School to reconstitute some facets of the history of the institution, among them: the process of installation of the school and its expansion during the studied period, the characteristics of the faculty and administrative group and the students' profile concerning the origin, age group and school performance / A presente pesquisa propõe-se a reconstruir a história do Grupo Escolar da Fazenda Amália, situada na cidade de Santa Rosa do Viterbo região de Ribeirão Preto, interior do Estado de São Paulo entre 1942 e 1966, quando houve uma greve geral que deu início ao seu declínio. Trata-se do estudo de uma instituição escolar que, apesar de ser pública, estava sediada dentro de uma propriedade particular: a Fazenda Amália, que pertencia à família Matarazzo e constituiu uma das mais importantes propriedades rurais do interior paulista no que diz respeito ao cultivo da cana de açúcar, contando inclusive com uma usina interna. A maioria dos trabalhadores morava na própria fazenda e, tendo em vista o grande número de crianças em idade escolar, foi instalado em 1942 o Grupo Escolar da Fazenda Amália, que reuniu as escolas isoladas existentes na propriedade. Este estudo tem como base o exame de materiais da instituição ainda disponíveis (Atas, Livros de Registros de Alunos, Diários, Mapas do movimento escolar; Inventário de bens, Balancete, Livros de Assentamentos, Livros Ponto; entre outros) e a realização de entrevistas com 4 ex-professores e diretores. Através da análise desse material, foi possível nesta primeira versão da história do Grupo Escolar da Fazenda Amália reconstituir algumas facetas da trajetória da instituição, dentre elas destacam-se: o processo de instalação do Grupo Escolar e a sua expansão durante o período estudado, as características do corpo docente e administrativo e o perfil dos alunos quanto à origem, faixa etária e desempenho escolar

The American GI’s experience in hospital during World War II is absent from official military histories, most scholarly works, and even many oral history collections. Utilizing the papers of WWII infantryman, Leon Standifer, this thesis offers the reader a rare glimpse of WWII military hospital life and chronicles one soldier’s journey from willing obedience to subversive action. This thesis compares the stated goals and procedures of the US Army medical department to the experience of Leon Standifer, an infantryman who served in northern France during the last year of the war and the American occupation of Bavaria, whose service was marked by several periods of protracted hospitalization. Over the course of five hospitalizations, during which Standifer was treated for bullet wounds, trench foot, and pneumonia, he consistently wrote letters to his family describing his experience. A careful reading of Standifer’s wartime correspondence in conjunction with his published and unpublished writings, secondary source material, and military records, suggest that while isolated in the hospital, after killing and experiencing the death of his comrades, Standifer lost his desire to fight. He began to make calculated decisions based on his knowledge of the military medical system in an attempt to ensure his survival and control the remainder of his military service.

This thesis is a broadly chronological study of representations of Japan and the Japanese in Australian novels, stories and memoirs from the late nineteenth century to the twenty-first century. Adopting Edward Said???s Orientalist notion of the `Other???, it attempts to elaborate patterns in which Australian authors describe and evaluate the Japanese. As well as examining these patterns of representation, this thesis outlines the course of their development and change over the years, how they relate to the context in which they occur, and how they contribute to the formation of wider Australian views on Japan and the Japanese. The thesis considers the role of certain Australian authors in formulating images and ideas of the Japanese ???Other???. These authors, ranging from fiction writers to journalists, scholars and war memoirists, act as observers, interpreters, translators, and sometimes ???traitors??? in their cross-cultural interactions. The thesis includes work from within and outside ???mainstream??? writings, thus expanding the contexts of Australian literary history. The major ???periods??? of Australian literature discussed in this thesis include: the 1880s to World War II; the Pacific War; the post-war period; and the multicultural period (1980s to 2000). While a comprehensive examination of available literature reveals the powerful and continuing influence of the Pacific War, images of ???the stranger???, ???the enemy??? and later ???the ally??? or ???partner??? are shown to vary according to authors, situations and wider international relations. This thesis also examines gender issues, which are often brought into sharp relief in cross-cultural representations. While typical East-West power-relationships are reflected in gender relations, more complex approaches are also taken by some authors. This thesis argues that, while certain patterns recur, such as versions of the ???Cho-Cho-San??? or ???Madame Butterfly??? story, Japan-related works have given some Australian authors, especially women, opportunities to reveal more ???liberated??? viewpoints than seemed possible in their own cultural context. As the first extensive study of Japan in Australian literary consciousness, this thesis brings to the surface many neglected texts. It shows a pattern of changing interests and interactions between two nations whose economic interactions have usually been explored more deeply than their literary and cultural relations.

This thesis is a broadly chronological study of representations of Japan and the Japanese in Australian novels, stories and memoirs from the late nineteenth century to the twenty-first century. Adopting Edward Said???s Orientalist notion of the `Other???, it attempts to elaborate patterns in which Australian authors describe and evaluate the Japanese. As well as examining these patterns of representation, this thesis outlines the course of their development and change over the years, how they relate to the context in which they occur, and how they contribute to the formation of wider Australian views on Japan and the Japanese. The thesis considers the role of certain Australian authors in formulating images and ideas of the Japanese ???Other???. These authors, ranging from fiction writers to journalists, scholars and war memoirists, act as observers, interpreters, translators, and sometimes ???traitors??? in their cross-cultural interactions. The thesis includes work from within and outside ???mainstream??? writings, thus expanding the contexts of Australian literary history. The major ???periods??? of Australian literature discussed in this thesis include: the 1880s to World War II; the Pacific War; the post-war period; and the multicultural period (1980s to 2000). While a comprehensive examination of available literature reveals the powerful and continuing influence of the Pacific War, images of ???the stranger???, ???the enemy??? and later ???the ally??? or ???partner??? are shown to vary according to authors, situations and wider international relations. This thesis also examines gender issues, which are often brought into sharp relief in cross-cultural representations. While typical East-West power-relationships are reflected in gender relations, more complex approaches are also taken by some authors. This thesis argues that, while certain patterns recur, such as versions of the ???Cho-Cho-San??? or ???Madame Butterfly??? story, Japan-related works have given some Australian authors, especially women, opportunities to reveal more ???liberated??? viewpoints than seemed possible in their own cultural context. As the first extensive study of Japan in Australian literary consciousness, this thesis brings to the surface many neglected texts. It shows a pattern of changing interests and interactions between two nations whose economic interactions have usually been explored more deeply than their literary and cultural relations.

HOLANDA, Antônio Euclides Vega de Pitombeira e Nogueira. De Eça a Machado, ou Um diálogo entre concepções de representação da realidade. 2013. 138f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Letras, Fortaleza (CE), 2013. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-05-20T13:12:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_dis_aevpnholanda.pdf: 667077 bytes, checksum: b38fe4a90b067b3183a726c27f9b1b85 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-05-20T13:47:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_dis_aevpnholanda.pdf: 667077 bytes, checksum: b38fe4a90b067b3183a726c27f9b1b85 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:47:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_dis_aevpnholanda.pdf: 667077 bytes, checksum: b38fe4a90b067b3183a726c27f9b1b85 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / This comparative study works with two types of literary works. The novels The cousin Basílio and Posthumous Memoirs Of Brás Cubas are related through the literary criticism on the Portuguese novel published in Brazil in 1878. Among the critics, there was Machado de Assis. The text examines various elements of the novel by Eça de Queirós, among them there are Realism, narrator and character construction. Besides that, it is analysed how the novel by Eça de Queirós was received by literary criticism in Brazil in 1878, especially by Machado de Assis, whose critical text became famous. In this essay, the Brazilian author invokes elements of moral and aesthetic nature against the Portuguese novel, thus revealing elements of what could be named as Ars poetics of Machado de Assis. The text also evaluates the changes tried by the Brazilian novelist in addressing issues and elements present in the Portuguese text. Thus, it proposes the idea that reading The Cousin Basílio influenced the production of Posthumous Memoirs Of Brás Cubas. / O presente trabalho relaciona dois tipos de produções literárias. Os romances O primo Basílio e Memória póstumas de Brás Cubas são estudados por meio das críticas literárias sobre o romance português publicadas no Brasil em 1878. Dentre os críticos, estava Machado de Assis. O texto analisa vários elementos do romance de Eça de Queirós, entre os quais estão o Realismo, o narrador e a construção das personagens. Além disso, trata-se da maneira como a obra eciana foi recebida pela crítica literária no Brasil em 1878, especialmente por Machado de Assis, cujo texto crítico ficou famoso. Nesse ensaio, o autor brasileiro invoca, em desfavor do romance português, alguns elementos de natureza estética e moral, descortinando o que se pode denominar Ars Poética machadiana. Por fim, o texto apresenta reflexões sobre as mudanças impetradas pelo romancista brasileiro na abordagem de questões e elementos presentes no texto eciano. Assim, defende-se a ideia de que a leitura de O primo Basílio influiu na produção de Memórias póstumas de Brás Cubas.

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