Publicadas em 1968, as Memórias de um gigolô, romance de Marcos Rey, têm sido lidas pela crítica a partir de categorias genéricas como romance-folhetim e narrativa picaresca. Ainda que descrevam alguns aspectos de composição do livro, as generalizações da crítica deixam em segundo plano a presença de um universo brasileiro também em operação no romance, e diluem, por outro lado, os dados de historicidade contidos dentro dele. De acordo com nossa perspectiva, esses dados históricos podem ser recolhidos através da caracterização do narrador como um cafetão que possui habilidade com o manejo das palavras, e que se considera um intelectual subdesenvolvido. Levando em conta essa imagem em negativo do homem de letras brasileiro como gigolô das palavras, o objetivo deste trabalho é examinar o romance de Marcos Rey a partir de dois contextos significativos: a trajetória profissional construída pelo autor no coração das indústrias do entretenimento desde os anos 1950, e o momento histórico vivido pelo Brasil nas décadas de 1960 e 1970, tempos de ditadura militar e de consolidação da indústria cultural no país. As Memórias de um gigolô também são vistas aqui como ponto de convergência para os futuros rumos da ficção de Marcos Rey, cada vez mais aberta à presença de personagens ligados ao universo das letras. Através da análise de dois de seus contos, Soy loco por ti América! (1977) e O bar dos cento e tantos dias (1977), veremos de que modo essas questões se integram à sua obra posterior. / Published in 1968, Marcos Reys novel Memoirs of a gigolo has been categorized by critics in broad literary genres such as the serial novel and the picaresque narrative. These readings do not draw enough attention, though, to the presence of a typically Brazilian social universe in Reys books, thereby diluting its marks of historicity. This dissertation seeks to assess the historical dimension of Reys work by focusing on the novels narrator, a pimp who is endowed with unusual literacy and considers himself to be an underdeveloped intellectual. Through this negative version of the Brazilian literary men as literary gigolo, it analyzes Reys novel from a double perspective: the writers professional trajectory in the entertainment industry starting in the 1950s, and the historical context of the 1960s and 1970s, times both of a military dictatorship in the country and of the consolidation of its national culture industry. Memórias de um gigolo is also considered, in the present work, as a blueprint to Reys subsequent work, increasingly centered on characters that are related to the literary universe. Through the analysis of two short stories, Soy loco por ti América! (1977) and Bar dos cento e tantos dias (1977), we try to understand in which ways these themes are ingrained in Reys later work.

Submitted by Eunice Novais (enovais@uepg.br) on 2018-06-06T17:35:12Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Suzimara Souza.pdf: 7480959 bytes, checksum: 832869be1afb4bd96530cf379104850d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-06T17:35:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Suzimara Souza.pdf: 7480959 bytes, checksum: 832869be1afb4bd96530cf379104850d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-04 / This dissertation is part of the Postgraduate Program in Language Studies of the Ponta Grossa State University (UEPG) and aims to understand how the memory of the subjects belonging to CRQSerra do Apon, a region located in the interior of Castro-PR, is represented by the oral and visual narratives produced by the subjects' gaze. To reflect on the relation time and memory, we use authors Maurice Halbwachs (2013) and Pierre Nora (1993). From the idea that all narrative, in the most different forms of language produce a history, we find support in Paul Ricoeur's (1990) thought for which all history is narrative. In order to weave the narratives of individual memories that are confused with the collective memories and the own history of the black community we use Kabengele Munanga (1994) articulated to the thought wise and poetic of Hampaté Bâ (2003, 2010), author who discusses the relevance of the word for the inheritances of the African matrix. We also consider authors such as Clóvis Moura (1981) and Abdias de Nascimento (1980, 2003) to deal with issues of black territory, formation and formation of quilombo. Like Lélia Gonzalez (1982) and Eduardo de Oliveira (1977) among other fundamental authors in the reflection on the social, political, economic, cultural and intellectual organization of the Negro in Brazil. We conceptualize the communicative event of the narrative as a structured fabric that communicates, preserves and impresses meaning to a determined society, considering a specific historical and temporal context from Marcuschi's (2008) thought. We verified how this idea is effective in the narratives presented by the subjects surveyed in the Quilombo Serra do Apon Community. Within these narratives are present the oral aspects in the communicative stories and histories of life and the visual aspects, the photographs produced by the subjects participating in the research, treated as records of memories that flee from the words, shaping images that, in turn, demanded an adequacy within the research. The methodology, in which this work is constructed, allows us to interpret images, but we also support the critical interpretation that considers social roles and functions beyond the relations of power, by which these roles and functions can be linked, disregarding the sense of taste, of appreciation and pleasure. For this, visual culture was used in the perspective of Fernando Hernandez (2000). Our methodological course followed some participatory ethnographic techniques, not considering the ethnography in its totality and we use the Communicative - Critical Methodology (MCC) based on the thoughts of Jürgen Habermans (1987) on Communicative Action and on the concept of Dialogicity proposed by Paulo Freire (1994) , 2005), who assumed the role of method ora methodology in the structuring of all research. To understand all the aspects present in the work, we use authors such as Carmem Lúcia Guimarães de Mattos (2011), Clifford Geertz (1989), Fabiana Marine (2010), José Goméz (2006), Rafael Bisquerra (2004), Roseli Rodrigues de Mello 2010), Silionara Aparecida Madureira (2015), Vanessa Gabassa (2010) and others. The application of the techniques and methodology was favorable not only to reading and analyzing the content of the narratives - oral and visual - but also represented an understanding of the social, political, economic and cultural formation process of this community. We do not propose a rescue of the history and memory of these subjects, but rather the record of the possibilities of seeing, imagining, interpreting and re-signification the ways of narrating life presented by these subjects. / Esta disertación de maestría forma parte del Programa de Postgrado en Estudios del Lenguaje, de la Universidad Estatal de Ponta Grossa (UEPG) y intenta comprender como la memoria de los sujetos que pertenecen a la CRQ- Serra do Apon, región ubicada en el interior de Castro- PR, es representada a partir de las narrativas orales y visuales producidas por los puntos de vita de esos sujetos. Para refletar sobre la relación tiempo y memoria, utilizamos los autores Maurice Halbwachs (2013) y Pierre Nora (1993). A partir de la idea de que toda narrativa, en sus respectivas formas de lenguaje producen una historia, encontramos suporte en el pensamiento de Paul Rocouer (1990), lo cual toda la historia es narrativa. Para tejer las narrativas de memorias individuales que se les confunden con las memorias colectivas y la propia historia de la comunidad negra, utilizamos Kabengele Munanga (1994) desarrollándose al pensamiento sabio y poético de Hampaté Bâ (2003, 2010), autor que discute acerca de la importancia de la palabra para las herencias de la matriz africana. Consideremos también autores como Clóvis Moura (1981) y Abdias de Nascimento (1980, 2003) para discutir sobre las cuestiones de territorio negro, formación y constitución de quilombo. Así como Lélia Gonzalez (1982) y Eduardo de Oliveira (1977) entre otros autores fundamentales en la reflexión acerca de la organización social, política, económica, cultural e intelectual del negro en Brasil. Conceptuamos el evento comunicativo de la narrativa como un tejido estructurado que comunica, preserva e imprime sentido a una determinada sociedad, considerando a un contexto historio y temporal específico a partir del pensamiento de Marcuschi (2008). Constatamos como esa idea efectivase en las narrativas presentadas por los sujetos pesquisados en la Comunidad Remaneciente de Quilombo Serra do Apon. Dentro de esas narrativas están presentes los aspectos orales en los relatos y historias comunicativas de la vida y los aspectos visuales, las fotografías producidas por los sujetos que participaron de esa pesquisa, que son tratadas como registros de la memoria que huyen las palabras, destacando imágenes, que por su vez, exigieron una adecuación interpretativa en la pesquisa. La metodología, en la cual este proyecto se constituye, permite interpretar imágenes, sin embargo nos respaldamos también en la interpretación crítica que considera los papeles y la funciones sociales además de las relaciones de poder, por las cuales esos papeles y funciones puedan vincularse, desconsiderando el seso de gustar, de la apreciación y del placer. Para eso, fueron utilizado la cultura visual e la perspectiva de Fernando Hernandez (2000). Nuestro camino metodológico siguió algunas técnicas etnográficas participativas, no considerando la etnografía en su totalidad y utilizamos la Metodología Comunicativo Crítico (MCC) que se respalda en los pensamientos de Jürgen Habermans (1987) acerca de la Acción Comunicativa y en el concepto de Dialogicidade propuesto por Paulo Freire (1994, 2005) que asumió la función de ora método ora metodología en la estructuración de la pesquisa. Para comprender todos los aspectos manifiestos en el trabajo, utilizamos autores como Carmem Lúcia Guimarães de Mattos (2011), Clifford Geertz (1989), Fabiana Marine (2010), José Goméz (2006), Rafael Bisquerra (2004), Roseli Rodrigues de Mello (2010), Silionara Aparecida Madureira (2015), Vanessa Gabassa (2010) y entre otros. La aplicación de las técnicas y de la metodología fue favorable no sólo a la lectura y análisis del contenido de las narrativas- orales y visuales- sin embargo representan también la compresión del proceso de la formación social, política, económica y cultural de esa comunidad. No proponemos un rescate de la historia y de la memoria de esos sujetos, pero sí el registro de las posibilidades de ver, imaginar, interpretar y resignificar las formas de narrar la vida presentadas por esos sujetos. / This dissertation is part of the Postgraduate Program in Language Studies of the Ponta Grossa State University (UEPG) and aims to understand how the memory of the subjects belonging to CRQSerra do Apon, a region located in the interior of Castro-PR, is represented by the oral and visual narratives produced by the subjects' gaze. To reflect on the relation time and memory, we use authors Maurice Halbwachs (2013) and Pierre Nora (1993). From the idea that all narrative, in the most different forms of language produce a history, we find support in Paul Ricoeur's (1990) thought for which all history is narrative. In order to weave the narratives of individual memories that are confused with the collective memories and the own history of the black community we use Kabengele Munanga (1994) articulated to the thought wise and poetic of Hampaté Bâ (2003, 2010), author who discusses the relevance of the word for the inheritances of the African matrix. We also consider authors such as Clóvis Moura (1981) and Abdias de Nascimento (1980, 2003) to deal with issues of black territory, formation and formation of quilombo. Like Lélia Gonzalez (1982) and Eduardo de Oliveira (1977) among other fundamental authors in the reflection on the social, political, economic, cultural and intellectual organization of the Negro in Brazil. We conceptualize the communicative event of the narrative as a structured fabric that communicates, preserves and impresses meaning to a determined society, considering a specific historical and temporal context from Marcuschi's (2008) thought. We verified how this idea is effective in the narratives presented by the subjects surveyed in the Quilombo Serra do Apon Community. Within these narratives are present the oral aspects in the communicative stories and histories of life and the visual aspects, the photographs produced by the subjects participating in the research, treated as records of memories that flee from the words, shaping images that, in turn, demanded an adequacy within the research. The methodology, in which this work is constructed, allows us to interpret images, but we also support the critical interpretation that considers social roles and functions beyond the relations of power, by which these roles and functions can be linked, disregarding the sense of taste, of appreciation and pleasure. For this, visual culture was used in the perspective of Fernando Hernandez (2000). Our methodological course followed some participatory ethnographic techniques, not considering the ethnography in its totality and we use the Communicative - Critical Methodology (MCC) based on the thoughts of Jürgen Habermans (1987) on Communicative Action and on the concept of Dialogicity proposed by Paulo Freire (1994) , 2005), who assumed the role of method ora methodology in the structuring of all research. To understand all the aspects present in the work, we use authors such as Carmem Lúcia Guimarães de Mattos (2011), Clifford Geertz (1989), Fabiana Marine (2010), José Goméz (2006), Rafael Bisquerra (2004), Roseli Rodrigues de Mello 2010), Silionara Aparecida Madureira (2015), Vanessa Gabassa (2010) and others. The application of the techniques and methodology was favorable not only to reading and analyzing the content of the narratives - oral and visual - but also represented an understanding of the social, political, economic and cultural formation process of this community. We do not propose a rescue of the history and memory of these subjects, but rather the record of the possibilities of seeing, imagining, interpreting and re-signification the ways of narrating life presented by these subjects.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-05-09T15:32:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Luciana Vivian da Cunha_.pdf: 13683946 bytes, checksum: b6facdd695da5906f2bb8c6ab528a99c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-09T15:32:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luciana Vivian da Cunha_.pdf: 13683946 bytes, checksum: b6facdd695da5906f2bb8c6ab528a99c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-26 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este estudo versa sobre a construção de uma possível história do Colégio Estadual Júlio de Castilhos, da cidade de Porto Alegre (RS), no período da ditadura civil-militar, a partir da memória de quatro ex-professoras que atuaram na Instituição nesse período e de documentos escritos. As memórias das ex-professoras são compreendidas sob a perspectiva de memória coletiva de Halbwachs (1990), memória e identidade de Pollak (1992) e memória de trabalho de Bosi (1995). Por meio da metodologia História Oral e da análise documental refletiu-se sobre o período estudado. As fontes produzidas são analisadas e discutidas à luz dos conceitos: tática de Certeau (1996), representações e práticas de Chartier (2002). Assim, a partir das memórias das professoras e dos documentos escritos foi possível identificar diferentes elementos relacionados à história do Colégio Júlio de Castilhos, durante o período da ditadura civil-militar, como também compreender, a partir desses elementos, os distintos aspectos relacionados às práticas do cotidiano escolar e sua relação com um contexto social de repressão política, vigente na época pesquisada. Quanto às memórias referentes ao Colégio Júlio de Castilhos constatou-se ser uma Instituição de significativa representatividade para quem lá estudou ou atuou como professor. Sobre as práticas, evidenciaram-se aspectos referentes a táticas construídas pelos professores em relação a situações impostas pelo governo ditatorial. As práticas organizavam-se através de movimentos ambientalistas, do manejo de uma aula, da seleção de conteúdos, de uma seleção diferenciada para professores. Percebe-se, que mesmo quem não reconhecia suas lutas políticas, lutou pelos seus ideais, e alguns que frequentaram o Colégio em um período tão atribulado conforme alguns relatos, pouco perceberam. / This study deals with the construction of a possible history of State School Julio de Castilhos, in Porto Alegre (RS), the period dictatorship, from the memory of four teachers who worked in the institution during this period and written documents. Teachers’ memories are understood from the perspective of collective memory Halbwachs (1990), memory and identity Pollak (1992) and working memory Bosi (1995). Therefore, through an Oral History methodology and documentary analysis was reflected about the study period. The results are analyzed and discussed through these concepts: tactical by Certeau (1996), representations and practices by Chartier (2002). Thus, from the memories of teachers and written documents was possible to identify different elements related to possibility to compose a history of School Julio de Castilhos, during the period dictatorship, and understand, from these elements related, the different aspects related to the practices of school life and its relationship to the social context of politics, current repression in the researched period. About memories of School Julio de Castilhos it was found to be a significant institution, for those who studied or worked as a teacher. In the practices showed up aspects related to tactics by teachers in relation to situations imposed by the dictatorial government. Some practices were constituted by environmental movements, the management of a class, the selection of content, a differentiated selection for teachers. Perceive itself, that who did not recognize their political struggles , fought for their ideals, and some who attended the School in a period as troubled as some told, little noticed .

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T19:30:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leandra Domingues Silverio.pdf: 3873311 bytes, checksum: 30f251bf1028c5823375e728ed003e64 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / THIS THESIS EXAMINES the social experiences in the struggle for agrarian reform settlers of the Settlement Project (PA) Emiliano Zapata, located in Uberlândia and created in 2004, and Settlement Project 21st April, in the city of Veríssimo and created in 2005, both in the Triângulo Mineiro region. During the process of major transformation of social relations in the Brazilian countryside in recent decades, particularly in the Triângulo Mineiro, focusing on research with oral history and interpreting a set of statements from workers of these Settlement Projects, it discusses paths, ways and meanings of their struggles for maintaining their own plots of land after the conquest. In the relationship between history and memory, it addresses issues concerning the daily challenges of living and nesting in this new territory and how these settlers organize themselves by means of values and customs acquired in previous struggles. It examines the continuity of the fight after the conquest of the land and how the rural workers give meaning to this fight revealing current perspectives and projected future as settlers. It also problematizes their practices and views on public policies for the settlers and discusses the changes of such policies in recent decades amid the transformations on the role and the importance of smallholder agriculture. The study is organized into four chapters that discusses the following topics: social and political education of both groups of settlers and of the Settlement Projects; the experiences of workers in the conquered land and their organization and practices on their daily lives; the expectations of workers regarding projects related to rural life in the pursuit of autonomy and freedom; and finally, actions and struggles of settlers to maintain the right to live on/from the land by means of being able to have access to public funding and investment policies in the agrarian reform / ESTA TESE ANALISA AS experiências sociais na luta pela reforma agrária de assentados(as) do Projeto de Assentamento (PA) Emiliano Zapata, localizado no município de Uberlândia e criado em 2004, e do PA 21 de Abril, localizado no município de Veríssimo e criado em 2005, ambos na região do Triângulo Mineiro. Em meio ao processo de grandes transformações das relações sociais no campo brasileiro nas últimas décadas, em especial no Triângulo Mineiro, privilegiando a pesquisa com a história oral e interpretando um conjunto de depoimentos de trabalhadores(as) desses PAs, problematiza caminhos, modos e sentidos de suas lutas pela manutenção de seus lotes após a conquista da terra. Na relação entre história e memória, aborda questões relativas aos desafios cotidianos de viver no e do assentamento e como nesse novo território os trabalhadores assentados se organizam por meio de valores e costumes adquiridos nas experiências das lutas anteriores. Analisa a continuidade da luta após a conquista da terra e como os trabalhadores significam essa luta revelando perspectivas do presente e projeção de futuro como assentados. Problematiza também suas práticas e concepções diante das políticas públicas destinadas aos produtores assentados e discute as mudanças de tais políticas em décadas recentes em meio às transformações sobre o papel e a importância da pequena agricultura. O estudo está organizado em quatro capítulos que discutem os seguintes temas: a formação social e política dos dois grupos de assentados e dos PAs; as experiências dos trabalhadores na terra conquistada e seus modos de organização e práticas no cotidiano; as expectativas dos trabalhadores no que se refere aos projetos ligados à vida rural na busca de autonomia e liberdade; por fim, as ações e lutas dos trabalhadores assentados para manterem o direito de viver no/do campo por meio do acesso às políticas públicas de financiamento e investimento na reforma agrária

No description available.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T18:22:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Roberta Rodrigues da Silva.pdf: 1986735 bytes, checksum: 84e0b3c8d48ec14e202b99ec627f70a6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-01-29 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The objective of this research is to examine the translated novel Memoirs of a Militia Sergeant by Manuel Antônio de Almeida from Portuguese intoEnglish, to verify the nature of the changes arising from the lexical-grammatical choices in itstranslation into the English language and what the consequences of those choicesare. As aresult of a logocentric stance,both linguistically lay peopleandexperts in translation tend to considerthetranslation as a kind of text that is the exact reproduction of a text originally written in another language. Inthe nineties, the figure of subservient to the original text translator was replaced by the figure of a visible translator that manipulates the text, the creative artist mediator of languages and cultures. What changes now is that the translator is understood as someone belonging to a certain ideological, political, psychological and culturalcontext, -factors that cannot be ignored or eliminated in a translation. Related to this issue, the hypothesis of linguistic determinism can help us to understand the reasons for thedifferences that surround the categories of the experiences incorporated into the various languages. Languages differ greatly in both categories of experiences that theyexpress andin the special linguistic means they employ to represent these categories. These differences go beyond the so well-known fact that most words do not have fully equivalent translation from one language to another. Whorf wasmore interested in relating the lexicon and grammar to the worldview of a culture (theWeltanschauung). The research should answer the following questions: (a) What is the nature of the changes arising from the lexical-grammatical choices in the translation of Memoirs of a Militia Sergeantinto the English language?(b)What are the consequences of those choices? The analysis of this novel initially relies on the methodology proposed by van Leuven -Zwart (1990) and Systemic Functional Grammar, Halliday (1994) and Halliday and Matthiessen (2004).The results show thatthe nature of lexical-grammatical choices ofthe translator are influenced by the ideological and cultural contextin whichthe translator is inserted. / O objetivo desta pesquisa de mestrado é examinar a tradução do romanceMemóriasde um Sargento de Milícias, de Manuel Antônio de Almeida -do português para o inglês, para verificar qual é anatureza das modificações decorrentes das escolhas léxico-gramaticais na tradução para a língua inglesa e quais são as consequências dessas escolhas. Como resultado de uma postura logocêntrica, tanto as pessoas linguisticamente leigas, quanto especialistas em tradução tendem a considerara traduçãocomo um tipo de texto que éa reprodução exata de um texto originalmente escrito em outra língua. Nos anos noventa, a figura do tradutor subserviente ao texto original foi substituída pela do tradutor visivelmente manipulador, o artista criativo mediador de línguas e culturas. O que muda agoraé que o tradutor é entendido como um sujeito inserido num certo contexto cultural, ideológico, político e psicológico fatores que não podem ser ignorados ou eliminados na elaboração de uma tradução. Relacionada àessa questão, a hipótese do determinismolinguístico pode ajudar a entender o motivo das diferenças que cercam as categorias das experiências incorporadas nas várias línguas. As línguas diferem grandemente tanto nas categoriasdasexperiênciasque expressam, como nos meios linguísticos especiaisque empregam para a representação dessas categorias. Essas diferenças vão além do fato tão conhecido de que a maioria das palavras não tem tradução perfeitamente equivalente, de uma língua para outra. Whorf estava mais interessado em relacionar o léxico ea gramática à cosmovisão de uma cultura (a Weltanschauung). A pesquisa deve responder às seguintes perguntas:(a)Qual éa natureza das modificações decorrentes das escolhas léxico-gramaticais na tradução de Memórias de um Sargento de Milícias para a língua inglesa?(b)Quaissãoas consequências dessas escolhas? A análise desse romance apoia-se, inicialmente, na metodologia proposta por van Leuven-Zwart (1990) enaGramática Sistêmico-Funcional, de Halliday (1994) e Halliday e Matthiessen (2004). Os resultados mostram que a natureza das escolhas léxico-gramaticais do tradutoré influenciadapelocontexto cultural e ideológicono qual ele se insere

No description available.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-12-16Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:30:46Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_me_me_assis.pdf: 757864 bytes, checksum: 6228de78c6143bf23c2d70acb679a080 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A produção intelectual do feminismo questionou as representações e os papéis sociais de gênero e também contribuiu para a evolução de uma perspectiva crítica acerca das múltiplas opressões que assolam as mulheres. Entre as minorias femininas que despontaram nesse cenário de articulação, as mulheres negras, com sua escrita engajada e muitas vezes marcada pela autorrepresentação, buscam se inserir no espaço acadêmico e conquistar o reconhecimento de sua obra literária. Nesse sentido, este trabalho pretende fazer uma reflexão crítica sobre a narrativa de memórias das escritoras negras Carolina Maria de Jesus e Maya Angelou, em suas respectivas obras: Diário de Bitita e I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. Para tanto, levantamos questões relevantes do enredo e enfocamos o trajeto singular das protagonistas negras rumo à conscientização de uma realidade construída em torno das desigualdades de poder. Deste modo, num primeiro momento, refletimos sobre a condição dos afrodescendentes e sublinhamos a situação da mulher negra durante e depois do período escravocrata. Na sequência tratamos da questão da literatura confessional direcionando seu enfoque para as formas diário e memória, a fim de evidenciar suas congruências e diferenças no universo confessional. Por fim, empreendemos um trabalho de análise das obras, em que salientamos pontos importantes e discutimos as trajetórias de cada personagem rumo à autoaceitação. / The intellectual production of feminism questioned the representations and social roles of gender and contributed to an evolution of a critical perspective towards the oppression suffered by women. Among the minorities that emerged in this scenery of articulation, the black women with an engaged writing, and also marked many times by self- representation try to put themselves in the academic space and have the recognition of their work as well. In this sense, this work intends to make a critical reflection about the memoirs of the black writers Carolina Maria de Jesus and Maya Angelou, in their respective books: Diário de Bitita and I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. For that we raised questions concerning the plot and emphasize the black protagonists´ peculiar course towards awareness of a reality built around unequal powers. So, we first consider the black people condition and underline the black women situation before and during slavery time. Secondly, we talk about the confessional literature focalizing the diary and memoir forms in order to make evident their similarities and differences in the confessional universe. At last we attempt to a work of analysis of the books where we point out important items and discuss the characters´ course towards self-acceptance.

Esta dissertação investiga um grupo de fotógrafos amadores chamado Leica 1. A convivência no grupo faz com que seus encontros sejam motivados não só pela fotografia, mas também pela amizade que os envolve. Diante disso, desenvolve-se uma sociabilidade na qual se compartilha dos mais diversos assuntos cotidianos. A fotografia é, muitas vezes, um suporte e mesmo motivadora da memória. O grupo Leica 1 fotografa, registra, lembra, conta e faz a história, sendo arte ou sendo documento ou sendo uma arte-documento. Por isso, este é um trabalho construído pela convivência, pelas lembranças, pelas fotografias e pelas múltiplas vozes que são testemunhas e agentes da história da cidade de Porto Alegre, da história da fotografia e de muitas outras histórias. / The present essay investigates a group of amateur photographers called Leica 1. The living in the group makes their meetings be motivated not only for photography, but also for friendship which involves them. Therefore, it is developed sociability in which various daily matters are shared among the group. Photography is, for several times, supportive and even motivating for remembrance. Group Leica 1 photographs, records, reminds, tells, and makes history; being either art or a document, being an art-document. For this reason, the present work was built based on living, memoirs, photographs, and by the multiple voices which are witnesses and agents to the history of Porto Alegre, to the history of photography, and many other histories.

Après la Guerre civile espagnole et le franquisme, apparut une nouvelle génération d’intellectuels phalangistes. Dionisio Ridruejo était le modèle de l’intellectuel fasciste, qui avait accédé très jeune à un poste de pouvoir et qui croyait en un homme et en un État nouveaux. Mais ce dernier rompit bruyamment avec le régime franquiste et abandonna son poste de Chef de la Propagande. Il estima que le pouvoir personnel de Franco trahissait l’idéal phalangiste. Cette rupture fut le début d’une longue période d’assignation à résidence, qui le mena à réfléchir sur ses propres convictions. Cela ne signifiait pas que Ridruejo était devenu démocrate, contrairement à ce que prétendent rétrospectivement certains de ses amis, convaincus d’avoir été des libéraux depuis les années 40. Il importait de comprendre la cohérence de l’itinéraire de cet intellectuel, qui passa de l’idéal phalangiste aux normes démocratiques, au point d’inspirer le combat des artisans de la Transition vers la démocratie. / After Spanish Civil War and Francoism, a new generation of Falangist intellectuals appeared. Dionisio Ridruejo was the example of a Fascist intellectual, who rose very young to the power and believed in a new Man and in a new State. But he loudly broke with the Francoist regime and deserted his head of Propaganda post. He thought that Franco’s personal power was betraying the Falangist ideal. This breaking off was the beginning of a long period of house arrest which led him to think about his own beliefs. It does not mean that Ridruejo was a democrat, contrary to what are claiming retrospectively his friends who are convinced that they were liberals since the 1940s. It is important to understand the coherence of this intellectual’s path who changed from Falangist ideal to democratic beliefs, inspiring the fight for transition to democracy.