Dans le domaine de la déficience intellectuelle, des relations de nature partenariale entre les parents et les intervenants sont maintenant souhaitées. D’ailleurs, les avantages d’établir un partenariat dans les relations entre les parents et les intervenants ne sont plus à démontrer. Pourtant, les écrits portant sur ce sujet dressent un portrait où le partenariat est plutôt absent des relations entre les intervenants et les parents. En situation d’hébergement, le partenariat entre les parents et les intervenants est encore plus pertinent puisqu’il constitue un facteur influençant positivement l’implication des parents auprès de leur enfant ayant une déficience intellectuelle. Par contre, le sujet spécifique des relations entre les intervenants et les parents de personnes ayant une déficience intellectuelle en contexte d’hébergement a été peu exploré dans les écrits. Dans le cadre du présent mémoire, une recherche qualitative a été menée afin de connaître la perception de parents d’adultes ayant une déficience intellectuelle de leurs relations avec les intervenants dans un contexte d’hébergement. Dix parents ont donc été rencontrés en entrevue. Les objectifs de cette recherche étaient de qualifier, à partir de la perception de parents, la nature des relations qu’ils entretiennent avec les intervenants et de cibler les facteurs qui influencent leurs relations. / In the mental retardation field, partnership relationships between parents and caregivers are now a must. In fact, the advantages of a partnership in the relationships between parents and caregivers no longer need to be validated. Still, written documents on this subject usually depict a picture of a partnership that is somewhat lacking in the relationships between the caregivers and the parents. This partnership between caregivers and parents is even more important in foster homes settings as it strongly influences the parents’ involvement in the life of their child with learning disabilities. However, the actual subject of relationships between caregivers and parents of adult children with mental retardation in foster homes settings has been seldom documented. This thesis required a qualitative research be made to better understand the perception of parents of adult children with mental retardation with respect to their relationship with the caregivers in a foster home setting. Ten parents were interviewed. The purpose of this research was to better qualify, according to the parents’ perception, the type of relationships they have with the caregivers and to identify the factors that influence these relationships. The results showed that most parents are satisfied with their relationships with their adult child’s caregivers. The description they give of their relationships brings us to conclude that there is in fact a partnership. From an ecological analysis, we have grouped these factors according to different systems. The familial systemic model also enabled us to analyze the factors at a deeper level. Amongst the identified factors, some are more important than others. First, there is the factor that caregivers recognize the importance of the parents’ contribution. Then, there is the factor that the parents notice a sense of well-being in their child. Finally, there is the factor that the parents are able to voice their point of view and their expectations.

La présente étude s’inscrit à l’intérieur du programme de recherche mené par le Groupe DÉFI Apprentissage (GDA) de l’Université de Montréal. Notre projet avait pour buts de réaliser les deux premières phases précédant la conception d’une ressource pédagogique qui offrira à l’enfant (6 à 12 ans qui a des incapacités intellectuelles) et à son entourage un dispositif temporel évolutif pour l’initier à la lecture de l’heure et à la gestion des activités de son horaire quotidien à l’âge approprié. Depuis quelques années, maints organismes tels que l’American Association on Mental Retardation (AAMR) , la Classification internationale des déficiences, incapacités et handicaps (CIDIH) de l'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS), le Ministère de l’éducation, des loisirs et des sports du Québec (MELS) ainsi que le Réseau international sur le processus de production du handicap (RIPPH) soutiennent que les chercheurs doivent s’attarder aux composantes impliquées dans l’interaction Personne-Milieu pour concevoir des stratégies d’intervention auprès de diverses populations qui éprouvent des limitations. Notre recherche adoptera cette démarche en s’appuyant sur les assises suivantes : cadre méthodologique (analyse de la valeur pédagogique), cadre conceptuel (écologie de l’éducation et processus de production du handicap) et cadre technologique (ergonomie). / The present study is part of an ongoing research program which has been undertaken by the « Groupe DÉFI Apprentissage (GDA) » at « l’Université de Montréal ». Our precise mandate was to complete the two initial phases preceding the conception of a pedagogical ressource that will offer to a child (6 to 12 years old with intellectual disabilities) and to his immediate surrounding an evolutionary temporal device that will initiate him, at the appropriate age, to time telling and to daily schedule management. In recent years, a number of organizations such as the American Association on Mental Retardation (AAMR), the World Health Organization (WHO) the Ministère de l’éducation, du loisir et du sport du Québec (MEL) and the Réseau International sur le Processus de Production du Handicap (RIPPH) have recommended that researchers should take into account the components involved in the Person-Environment interaction when they are studying intervention strategies that could be used by people with various limitations. Our research has adopted this ecological approach and it will be supported by the following foundations: methodological approach (pedagogical value analysis), conceptual approach (educational ecology) and technological approach (ergonomics).

The thesis investigated the development of children's global/local processing hierarchical patterns introduced by Navon (1977). The objectives were to understand more comprehensively the developmental characteristics of children's perception through their global and local processing of hierarchical patterns, by considering the effects of age, stimuli properties, duration of exposure to the stimuli and gender in a perceptual task and a drawing task. These effects were tested in 3 different populations: typically developing children, children with mental retardation and early blind children. The results revealed that typically developing children attended to both the local and global level of processing but these modes of spatial information processing operated independently. In a first step, children before 4 years of age showed dominance of local processing and then a more global processing developed at 4 years of age, and at 5 years of age integrated responses began to emerge. Early blind children showed similar developmental characteristics, although there was a protracted period of local processing dominance. Indeed, these children mainly produced local responses at ages of between 6 and 10 years, and then developed more global responses at 11-12 years and continued to integrate the two levels of analysis at later ages. On the other hand, global dominance was shown in children with mental retardation and their development was affected more by mental age than by chronological age. Moreover, their responses were shown to be sensitive to the fact that meaningful object could be located at the local level, enhancing local processing in this case. These results need further confirmations as the studies of global/local processing in atypical children are not numerous. In particular, the effect of duration of exposure to the stimuli should be further analyzed, because this factor did not seem to have a great effect in our experiments while it seemed more powerful in other studies carried out with adults. Replication of the study with children with mental retardation appears also important to plan for future work, because we can have some doubt relatively the absence of modification through ages of the way these children perceive hierarchical patterns. Finally, defining more precisely what may underlie the gender differences seems also worth to explore since gender did not show a major effect in our results.

Menschen mit Behinderung sind ein Randgebiet der Soziologie. Untersuchungen mit dem Fokus auf Menschen mit geistiger Behinderung in der Gesellschaft sind auch in diesem Bereich selten . Dem entgegen, stehen die Inklusionsbestrebungen der Pädagogik für Menschen, die wir als geistig behindert bezeichnen, jedoch in engem Zusammenhang mit soziologischen Prozessen, welcher unter anderm am Wandel der Begrifflichkeiten zurBezeichnung des Personenkreises deutlich gemacht werden kann. Dieser Entwicklung zufolge findet eine Abkehr von rein medizinisch-psychologischen Definitionsversuchen statt. Sie erfahren eine Ergänzung durch soziale, pädagogische und subjektive Erklärungsansätze, denen zufolge geistige Behinderung immer auch aus einer sozialen Konstruktion hervorgeht (Bsp. AAMR, 2002). Wenn gleichsam davon auszugehen ist, dass die Gesellschaft selbst durch ihre gestörte (Nicht-) Interaktion mit Menschen, die wir als geistig behindert bezeichnen, Behinderung konstruiert, so scheint es notwendig, die Grundlagen der sozialen Interaktion zu erkennen und zu verändern, um die Voraussetzungen für inklusive Praxis zu schaffen. Aufgrund der aus der Psychologie stammenden, Annahme der “self-fulfilling-prophecy” müssen Einstellungen gegenüber einem Menschen als Grundlage für das Gelingen von Interaktion mit diesem Menschen verstanden werden. Wertvorstellungen und Einstellungen beeinflussen demnach grundlegend den Erfolg von Inklusion. Da Jugendliche immer wieder als Seismographen der gesellschaftlichen Entwicklung beschrieben werden, ist es nahe liegend die Einflussfaktoren für deren Einstellungsbildung gegenüber Menschen, die wir als geistig behindert bezeichnen, zu untersuchen. Dabei liegt der Fokus dieser Arbeit auf der Analyse des Einflusses durch christliche Sozialisation, durch welche die Vermittlung eines bestimmten, scheinbar inklusionsfreundlichen Wertekanons einhergeht, welcher sich im Menschenbild des Jugendlichen widerspiegelt und sich auf dessen Einstellungen auswirkt. Die vorliegende Forschungsarbeit zeigt, dass sich verschiedene Faktoren christlicher Sozialisation positiv auf die expliziten Einstellungen gegenüber Menschen mit sogenannter geistiger Behinderung auswirken, kann jedoch keinen Zusammenhang für die Ausbildung positiverer impliziter Einstellungen feststellen.

The theoretical part various concepts related to personality development of individuals with mental disabilities are explained, also their prosocial education and personality development by art education is mentioned. The practical part focuses on the implementation of a project with an overlap to prosocial education. The project will create a model scheme for working activities with intellectually disabled people.

The thesis deals with theories of intelligence and their significance for pedagogical theory and practice. The first part of the thesis describes theories of intelligence, specific theories of intelligence, mental retardation, causes of mental retardation, and focus on the relationship between theories of intelligence and pedagogical theory and practice. The second section presents an overview of current educational theories and practices, the education of gifted children and education of mentally retarded children. The last part deals with the range of leisure activities for gifted children and children with mental disabilities.

The work deals with the characterization of the education of children with mental retardation in the Czech Republic. Defines mental retardation, presents its individual rate and further characterizes individuals with moderate mental retardation. Describes a special art education and art education and gives a brief characterization. The work defines the concepts of art therapy and aftefiletics, describes their methods, techniques and aims. The main topic is to create a special art lessons in order to compensate for the degree of mental disability in the target group of children. The work presents topics, their names, objectives, organization, forms of work, equipment needed, assignment and describes the course. All subjects were applied in practice and are listed in the individual case reports.

Graduation thesis deal about education children with autism in social care institutions. First part describes pervasive evolutionary disorders, it's etiology, clinical picture, diagnosis of autism and typical triads of disorder. This thesis also deals with institutions care, it's history and present situation in education care. Final part is research of social care institutions which take care persons with autism. Goal of the research is mapped situation education care for people with autism in social care institutions. Research methods are questionnaire, interview, content analysis. Research is complemented by case studies.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:44:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseMGMT.pdf: 865770 bytes, checksum: 64a8e6f13853515e8e6f52c8db887e35 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-09-20 / People with mental retardation usually present motor development delays. Nevertheless, these delays seem to be more often related to cognitive factors such as attention and comprehension than to motor or mental deficits. Strategies have been developed to teach motor skills to this population. One of the existing strategies is mental training, which is based on imagining the movement to be executed without the presence of the physical movement. The general objective of this doctoral dissertation was to apply a procedure based on physical and mental training to the teaching of rolling forward, a basic skill for artistic gymnastics practitioners, and to verify its effects in mentally retarded students. In experiment 1 there were two subjects (P1 and P2) aged 15 and 20 respectively, enrolled in a school for the mentally retarded. A single-subject experimental design with alternating treatments was applied. The rolling forward skill was divided in four phases. The results showed that P1 learned all the phases of forward rolling, whereas P2 learned partially phases I and II of the skill taught. We believe that the difficulty found by this participant was due to his motor difficulties, once he also presented an associated physical handicap. The purpose of experiment 2 was to apply the mental training procedure and verifying their effects in the forward rolling learning process in three students aged 12, 12 and 16, respectively, all of them with mental retardation. The experimental design applied was of the single subject in a multiple baseline design. The participants of this study learned all phases of forward rolling, and even though they presented different performance levels, all of them benefited from the strategy used. We realized that the mental training elicited other behaviors from the participants like: following rules, self-conversation, attention, concentration and relaxation. To understand the aspects that affect the use of mental training and to establish experimental designs to investigate this strategy were some of the contributions of this work. / Pessoas com deficiência mental apresentam atrasos no desenvolvimento motor. No entanto, esses atrasos parecem estar mais relacionados a fatores cognitivos de atenção e compreensão de instruções do que a déficits motores ou mentais. Estratégias têm sido utilizadas com o objetivo de auxiliar o ensino de habilidades motoras para essa população. Uma das estratégias existentes é o treino mental, ou seja, imaginar o movimento a ser executado sem a presença do movimento físico. Partindo da abordagem comportamental, utilizando diferentes delineamentos experimentais, o objetivo geral deste trabalho foi de aplicar os procedimentos de treino físico e treino mental e verificar seus efeitos na aprendizagem em alunos com deficiência mental. O experimento 1 teve como objetivo aplicar os procedimentos de treino físico e mental e verificar os seus efeitos na aprendizagem do rolamento para frente, elemento da Ginástica Artística, em alunos com deficiência mental. Participaram desse estudo dois jovens (P1 e P2), com idade de 15 e 20 anos respectivamente, estudantes de uma escola especializada. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de sujeito único, com tratamentos alternados. Para fins de análise, a habilidade de rolamento para a frente foi dividida em quatro fases. Os resultados encontrados mostraram que P1 aprendeu todas as fases e P2 aprendeu parcialmente as fases I e II da habilidade ensinada. Acreditamos que a dificuldade encontrada por esse participante foi decorrente de sua dificuldade motora, pois ele possuía também uma deficiência física associada. O experimento 2 teve como objetivo aplicar o procedimento de treino mental e verificar os seus efeitos na aprendizagem do rolamento para a frente, em três alunos, com idades de 12, 12 e 16 anos respectivamente, com deficiência mental. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de sujeito único de linha de base múltipla. Os participantes desse estudo aprenderam todas as fases do rolamento para frente e, apesar de apresentarem níveis de desempenho diferentes, os três se beneficiaram da estratégia utilizada. Percebemos que o treino mental evocou também outros comportamentos dos participantes como: seguir regras, autoconversação, atenção, concentração e relaxamento. Desenvolver um programa de ensino de habilidades motoras a jovens com deficiência mental e investigar, através de delineamentos experimentais específicos, o papel do treino mental no desenvolvimento dessas habilidades foram algumas das contribuições desse trabalho.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:46:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2190.pdf: 4759507 bytes, checksum: e7cc444c88ca6c5cc01ead30c952a943 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03-13 / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / The importance of reading and spelling for citizens is a significant issue. However, repeatedly the school system shows failures in teaching these repertoires. When children with mental retardation are inserted in the regular classroom, the problems increase. Teachers don t know how to teach them academic skills, therefore obscuring their potential and prejudicing their social inclusion. Moreover, studies in equivalence of stimulus have systematically demonstrated the applicability of procedures based on this paradigm for individuals with mental retardation, as well as the effectiveness of similar methodologies applied to the teaching of rudimentary reading and spelling skills to other populations, such as preschool students and children with developmental disorders. Therefore, the objectives of this study were: a. to investigate the necessary conditions for the teaching of children with mental deficiency using a procedure designed to of teaching reading and spelling, and b. to redesign the software that contains this procedure in order to achieve results for the children with mental retardation compatible with the ones obtained by the application of this same software to children with school failures. A multiple baseline design with a mobile criterion, has been used, focusing the analysis on the three participants performance when exposed to the modifications implemented by the three consecutive procedures. The results indicated small profits for Procedure 1, when only formal modifications in the software were made, such as exchange of stimuli (words and pictures) and exhibition of the font in capital letters. As the second procedure introduced more structural modifications, as blocked-trial trainings and auditory-visual trials with critical differences between the words, the results showed great success for all the reading and spelling skills tested. The last procedure made refinements in the program, and equally reached success with shorter trainings and bigger words. As a conclusion of the work, success was reached in the adaptation and application of the teaching program: the children with mental retardation showed results of reading and spelling compatible with the results the pupils with learning difficulties had shown in previous studies. Furthermore, it was also possible to say that the data obtained had contributed to understand a little more how and how much this students learn, and how this learning can be guaranteed and optimized using procedures based on matching to sample, constructed response matching to sample and exclusion. / Inquestionável é a importância da leitura e escrita para todos os indivíduos na sociedade atual. No entanto, repetidamente o sistema escolar tem produzido fracassos na aquisição destes repertórios. Tal fato se agrava quando crianças com deficiência mental são inseridas na rede regular, pois a dificuldade em empreender um treinamento eficaz de habilidades acadêmicas para eles faz com que suas capacidades sejam muito pouco conhecidas e exploradas, e ficam prejudicados tanto sua aprendizagem quanto sua tentativa de inclusão. Por outro lado, estudos em equivalência de estímulos têm demonstrado sistematicamente a aplicabilidade de procedimentos baseados neste paradigma em indivíduos com deficiência mental, bem como a eficácia de metodologias similares no ensino de habilidades rudimentares de leitura e escrita a outras populações, como pré-escolares e crianças com atraso na alfabetização. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: a. investigar que condições são necessárias para o ensino de crianças com deficiência mental com o emprego de um programa computadorizado de ensino de habilidades de leitura e escrita, fundamentado no paradigma de Equivalência de Estímulos, e b adaptar, na tentativa de obter resultados de habilidades de leitura e escrita compatíveis para aplicação a crianças com deficiência mental, a versão informatizada de um programa de ensino de sucesso documentado no ensino de leitura e escrita com alunos com história de fracasso escolar. Um delineamento de linha de base múltipla com critério móvel, entre os sujeitos foi empregado, tendo como dados para análise o desempenho de três crianças com deficiência mental frente às modificações realizadas nos três procedimentos consecutivos. Os resultados indicaram ganhos pequenos para o Procedimento 1, que realizou modificações apenas formais no programa, como troca de estímulos (palavras e figuras) e exibição da fonte em letras maiúsculas. O segundo procedimento introduziu modificações mais estruturais, como treino em blocos e tentativas de emparelhamento auditivo-visual com diferenças críticas entre os estímulos, tendo alcançado grande sucesso para virtualmente todas as tarefas de habilidades de leitura e escrita. Frente a estes dados, um último procedimento realizou refinamentos no programa de ensino, conseguindo alcançar os mesmos índices de acertos com um treino de menor duração e com palavras mais extensas. Como conclusão do trabalho, sucesso foi alcançado na adaptação e aplicação do programa de ensino, visto que as crianças com deficiência mental obtiveram resultados de habilidades de leitura e escrita compatíveis com os obtidos com os alunos com dificuldades de aprendizagem. Ademais, foi também possível afirmar que os dados obtidos contribuíram para lançar um pouco mais de luz acerca da aprendizagem desta população e de como ela pode ser garantida, facilitada e otimizada a partir de procedimentos baseados em emparelhamento com o modelo, emparelhamento com o modelo com resposta construída e exclusão.