Submitted by Pedro Silva Filho (pfsilva@ipen.br) on 2017-11-17T16:39:31Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-17T16:39:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / A radiação ionizante é amplamente utilizada em diversas áreas na indústria e na medicina. No campo da medicina, a radiação ionizante é utilizada tanto para fins terapêuticos como para fins diagnósticos, abrangendo assim um grande intervalo de doses de diferentes tipos de radiações. Para certificar que a finalidade da prática esteja sendo alcançada, são necessários estudos detalhados de detectores e dispositivos que atendam aos diferentes tipos de radiações. Neste trabalho foi realizado um estudo das características dosimétricas de amostras de BeO em feixes padronizados de radiodiagnóstico convencional, mamografia e tomografia computadorizada, utilizando as técnicas de termoluminescência (TL) e luminescência opticamente estimulada (OSL) e propondo um sistema adequado para sua utilização em dosimetria de feixes. Os principais resultados obtidos foram: alta sensibilidade à luz branca durante a irradiação, boa reprodutibilidade das respostas TL e OSL (coeficientes de variação inferiores a 5%), parâmetros cinéticos correspondentes aos valores obtidos em todos os métodos testados, sem fading dentro do período estudado para ambas as técnicas. As características dosimétricas obtidas neste trabalho mostram a possibilidade de aplicação das amostras de BeO em dosimetria da radiação X, considerando os intervalos de dose empregados, pelas técnicas de TL e OSL. Assim, as amostras de BeO apresentaram sua utilização potencial para dosimetria de feixes de radiodiagnóstico convencional, mamografia e tomografia computadorizada. / Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

L’objectif de la présente recherche est d’analyser la « dichotomie » que l’on observe habituellement dans la pratique chrétienne de nombreux fidèles africains. Ils sont en effet partagés entre, d'une part, un fort et sincère attachement à l’Eglise catholique avec ses principes, et d'autre part, un recours aux pratiques rituelles des cultures africaines traditionnelles pour résoudre les problèmes de la vie quotidienne. Après un ressourcement dans l’histoire du laïcat en Pays beti, nous avons noté la réalité de ce problème. Mais nos investigations nous ont conduit à opérer un discernement dans l’herméneutique de cette question. Le problème de la « dichotomie religieuse» ne se pose plus de la même manière aujourd’hui qu’au sein de l’Église missionnaire ou même dans la période post-missionnaire des années 60. D’où la nécessité d’un redéploiement historique pour une bonne herméneutique de ce problème. Notre analyse nous conduit à des déplacements herméneutiques quant aux mobiles de ce malaise dans la pratique chrétienne des laïcs africains. Les défis d’une société moderne et même postmoderne ne sont plus seulement les conflits entre traditions ancestrales et culture christiano-occidentale. C’est en ce sens que l’on peut penser que le constat de « dichotomie » est beaucoup plus l’expression de ce malaise moderne que la désignation de la crise la plus fondamentale. Le principal défi du laïc aujourd’hui est l’adaptation du vécu de sa foi dans une société moderne aux interpellations multiformes. L’urgence pastorale est donc dans la prise en compte de la nouvelle donne socioreligieuse d’aujourd’hui. D’où la pertinence d’une « pastorale des signes des temps ». / The purpose of this research is to analyze the "dichotomy" whose many African faithful are subjected in their Christian practices. In fact, they are divided between, on one hand, a strong and sincere commitment to Catholic Church with its principles, and on the other hand, an appeal to traditional African cultures and ritual practices to solve their daily life problems. A survey of the history of the laity in the Betiland provides us the framework on which we build our analysis. Our investigation reveals a hermeneutical problem. In dealing with the problem of ‘dichotomy’ in the Betiland, two periods are to be acknowledged: the Missionary Period (until 1960) and Post Missionary Period (until today). Because of these two periods, there is a need of re-assessing an historical reading of the problem. This reading leads us inevitably to hermeneutical shifts in assessing the reasons of the malaise whom the African layman is confronted in his Christian practice. As a matter of fact, our discovery is that the challenges of a modern and even post-modern society are not only conflicts between traditions and Western Christian culture. There are results of a more fundamental crisis: the crisis of secular world. From this standpoint, the word ‘dichotomy’ becomes more than the expression of a solely post-modern malaise. It becomes a word that expresses the main challenge of today’s secular world in search of the adaptation of faith in modern society as this society faces multi breakdowns; thus our interest of evaluating its use on pastoral field and its relevance in terms of a "pastoral care of the signs of the times".

Subject of this master’s thesis deals with the issues parameters of electric power and some possibility of measuring with focusing on norm requiring parameters. There are some distributed power quality monitoring systems described, which are available. The following chapter discusses the suggestion and implementation of the low-cost monitor with remote control for low-voltage networks. The thesis also concerns the using MySQL database for archiving measuring values and implementation of web applications for on-line presentation of the measured values.

Maintaining dissolved oxygen concentrations under different operating schemes (constant, manual or automated aeration control) was evaluated in 20 earthen catfish ponds ranging from 0.04 to 0.07 hectares in size. Ponds were assigned to treatments based on achieving equal distribution of biomass among treatments. Catfish weighing approximately 0.11 kg each were stocked at a rate of 14,820 catfish/hectare and were fed, to satiation, a 36% crude protein floating feed for the first week and switched to a 32% crude protein floating feed for the remainder of the study. Percentage weight gain, FCR and survival were calculated but did not differ among treatments. A partial enterprise budget analysis was generated to determine comparative value of different aeration techniques relative to production costs. Mean partial net returns did not differ among treatments. Complete comparison was not possible due to failure of automated monitors to record DO and to operate aerators under designed protocols.

This thesis discusses the motivation, origin, history, design guidelines, API, the device drivers and userland utilities of the hardware sensors framework available in OpenBSD. The framework spans multiple utilities in the base system and the ports tree, is utilised by over 75 drivers, and is considered to be a distinctive and ready-to-use feature that sets OpenBSD apart from many other operating systems, and in its root is inseparable from the OpenBSD experience. The present framework, however, is missing the functionality that would allow the user to interface with the fan-controlling part of the hardware monitors. We therefore discuss the topic of fan control and introduce sysctl-based interfacing with the fan-controlling capabilities of microprocessor system hardware monitors. The discussed prototype implementation reduces the noise and power-consumption characteristics in fans of personal computers, especially of those PCs that are designed from off-the-shelf components. We further argue that our prototype is easier, more intuitive and robust compared to solutions available elsewhere.

This thesis discusses the motivation, origin, history, design guidelines, API, the device drivers and userland utilities of the hardware sensors framework available in OpenBSD. The framework spans multiple utilities in the base system and the ports tree, is utilised by over 75 drivers, and is considered to be a distinctive and ready-to-use feature that sets OpenBSD apart from many other operating systems, and in its root is inseparable from the OpenBSD experience. The present framework, however, is missing the functionality that would allow the user to interface with the fan-controlling part of the hardware monitors. We therefore discuss the topic of fan control and introduce sysctl-based interfacing with the fan-controlling capabilities of microprocessor system hardware monitors. The discussed prototype implementation reduces the noise and power-consumption characteristics in fans of personal computers, especially of those PCs that are designed from off-the-shelf components. We further argue that our prototype is easier, more intuitive and robust compared to solutions available elsewhere.

Thesis (Master').

Submitted by Pedro Silva Filho (pfsilva@ipen.br) on 2017-11-21T11:20:13Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-21T11:20:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / A calibração, por definição, é o processo pelo qual se estabelece uma relação entre valores de medição de um padrão, com as suas respectivas incertezas, e as indicações com as incertezas associadas do instrumento de medição a ser calibrado. Um protocolo de calibração descreve a metodologia a ser aplicada em um processo de calibração. O método escolhido para a obtenção deste protocolo foi o da espectrometria de feixe de raios X associada à simulação pelo método de Monte Carlo, fundamentado no fato de que ambos são considerados métodos absolutos na determinação de parâmetros de feixes de radiação. Neste trabalho foi utilizado o método de Monte Carlo utilizado para obter a função resposta do detector utilizada para a correção dos espectros obtidos do feixe primário de radiação X; deste modo foram calculadas as taxas de kerma destes feixes e comparadas aos valores obtidos com as câmaras de ionização padrão secundário do Laboratório de Calibração de Instrumentos do IPEN (LCI/IPEN). Foram obtidos os coeficientes de calibração para o sistema padrão com diferenças em relação ao fornecido pelo laboratório primário entre 1,3% e 15,3%. Os resultados obtidos indicaram a viabilidade do estabelecimento deste protocolo de calibração utilizando a espectrometria como padrão de referência, com incertezas relativas de 0,62% para k=1. As incertezas associadas ao método proposto foram satisfatórias, para um laboratório padrão secundário e comparáveis a um laboratório primário. / Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Le chien de service (CS) émerge comme modalité d’assistance à la gestion des symptômes reliés au trouble de stress post-traumatique (TSPT) auprès des vétérans. Les tâches qu’il accomplit et les changements qu’il induit sur l’activité physique et le sommeil, deux des habitudes de vie perturbées par le TSPT, demeurent peu étudiés à ce jour. Les objectifs spécifiques de cette thèse étaient de : 1) spécifier les rôles et les tâches accomplis par le CSTSPT, les avantages et les obstacles reliés à son utilisation ainsi que les recommandations souhaitables pour améliorer l’efficacité du CSTSPT, 2) décrire la sédentarité, l’activité physique, et le sommeil avant et après l’acquisition d’un CSTSPT à l’aide de l’actigraphie et de questionnaires standardisés et examiner si les changements post-acquisition s’accompagnaient d’un élargissement des aires de déplacement et d’une diminution de l’intensité des symptômes reliés au TSPT et ceux dépressifs, et 3) explorer s’il y a des associations entre la sédentarité, l’activité physique, et l’intensité des symptômes reliés au TSPT et ceux dépressifs avant l’acquisition d’un CSTSPT, ainsi qu’entre les changements de la sédentarité, l’activité physique, et le sommeil, avant et après l’acquisition d’un CSTSPT auprès de vétérans vivant avec un TSPT chronique. Ces objectifs ont été poursuivis à l’aide : d’une étude de cas exploratoire transversale réalisée auprès de 10 vétérans experts utilisant leur CSTSPT depuis deux à quatre ans (objectif/étude 1), une étude exploratoire prépost intervention sans groupe contrôle complétée par 18 vétérans vivant avec un TSPT chronique (objectif/étude 2), et d’une étude corrélationnelle réalisée auprès 27 vétérans vivant un TSPT chronique (objectif/étude 3). Les résultats de l’étude 1 soutiennent que le CSTSPT accomplit plusieurs rôles (p. ex., détecter les symptômes intrusifs) et tâches (p. ex., réveiller le vétéran lors d’un cauchemar), et qu’il procure plusieurs avantages (p. ex. faciliter la gestion des symptômes), malgré la présence d’obstacles (p. ex. coûts reliés à son utilisation). Les constats rapportés supportent l’émission de recommandations (p. ex. création d’un programme national de CSTSPT) afin d’améliorer son utilisation. Les résultats de l’étude 2 indiquent que l’acquisition d’un CSTSPT améliore le pourcentage de temps quotidien d’éveil dédié à réaliser de l’activité physique d’intensité modérée, le nombre de pas réalisés par jour, l’étendue des aires de déplacement (c.-à-d., voisinage et extérieur de la ville), et l’intensité des symptômes reliés au TSPT et ceux dépressifs. Aucune amélioration significative n’a été observée pour le sommeil mesuré par actigraphie, alors que les résultats Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index indiquent une amélioration de la qualité du sommeil et de l’efficacité du sommeil, ainsi qu’une diminution des perturbations du sommeil. Les résultats de l’étude 3 révèlent des associations faibles et modérées qui suggèrent la présence d’effets synergiques entre l’activité physique, le sommeil et les symptômes associés au TSPT et ceux dépressifs. En conclusion, les résultats confirment que le CSTSPT représente une modalité d’assistance prometteuse pour la gestion des symptômes reliés au trouble de stress post-traumatique (TSPT). / The psychiatric service dog (SDPTSD) is emerging as an assistive modality for the management of symptoms associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among veterans. The scientific evidence pertaining to the tasks the SDPTSD accomplishes and the changes brought about its acquiring on physical activity and sleep, two of the life habits perturbed by PTSD, remain limited. The specific objectives of this thesis were thus to: 1) specify the roles and tasks accomplished by the SDPTSD, the advantages and obstacles associated to its use, and recommendations to increase its efficacy, 2) describe sedentariness, physical activity, and sleep before and after the acquiring of a SDPTSD using actigraphy and standardized questionnaires and examining if the changes reported following its acquiring were accompanied by an expansion of mobility areas and a diminution of the intensity of PTSD-related and depressive symptoms, and 3) explore the associations between 1) sedentariness, physical activity, and the intensity of PTSD-related and depressive symptoms, and 2) sedentariness, physical activity, and sleep three months before and nine months after the acquiring of a SDPTSD among veterans living with chronic PTSD. These specific objectives were carried out with an exploratory cross-sectional case study realized among 10 expert veterans who had been using their SDPTSD for two to four years (objective/study 1), a prepost intervention exploratory study without a control group realized among 18 veterans living with chronic PTSD (objective/study 2), and a correlational study realized among 27 veterans living with chronic PTSD (objective/study 3). In brief, the results of study 1 showed that the SDPTSD accomplishes several roles (e.g., detecting intrusive symptoms), and tasks (e.g., awakening the veteran during a nightmare), and that it brings several advantages (e.g., facilitating symptom management), despite obstacles (e.g., cost related to its use). Observations gathered in this study support issuance of recommendations (e.g., creating a national SDPTSD program) to improve its use. The results of study 2 suggest that the acquiring of a SDPTSD improves the percentage of daily awake time dedicated to practising physical activity of moderate intensity, the number of steps per day, mobility areas (neighborhood and outside of town), and the intensity of PTSD-related and depressive symptoms. No significative improvements emerged when considering actigraphic sleep results, although results at the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index revealed an improved sleep quality and efficiency and a diminution of sleep perturbations. The results of study 3 uncovered weak and moderate correlations suggesting the presence of synergic effects between physical activity, sleep and the intensity of PTSD-related and depressive symptoms. In conclusion, these encouraging results confirm that the SDPTSD is a promising assistive aid in the management of PTSD-related symptoms.

With global emissions of human activities that drive climate change on the rise, global institutions and authorities are trying to introduce new regulations in the industry, in order to accomplish a significant reduction of carbon emissions. In order for companies to be more effective in reducing carbon emissions, not only from their products but also along their value chains and product portfolios, it is of vital importance to understand and quantify them. Following that need, tools that can measure the carbon footprint of various corporate operations (carbon calculators) have risen in popularity in the latest years. A sector in which companies can significantly improve their environmental impact is their IT equipment portfolio. WeCycle, as developed by Greener Scandinavia AB (partner of this project), is a platform that facilitates reselling of old IT equipment, while aiming to reduce its environmental impacts. This project then, in cooperation with WeCycle, aims to develop a software tool that calculates the environmental benefits (kg of CO2 eq. avoided) when reusing old IT equipment. This can help clients estimate this benefit, while also providing a CSR incentive. The specific methodological steps needed in order to complete the project included literature review concerning the state of e-waste and initiatives to minimize its environmental impacts, guidelines, and procedures related to LCA of IT equipment and various other carbon calculators, developing calculation model and assumptions in order to compile the database, interface design, and finally using and testing the software tool against a real case scenario - case study provided by WeCycle. The results, and design process of the project, were enlightening in the matter of understanding potential benefits of reusing IT equipment, but also in identifying the “hotspot” stages of an electronic device’s lifecycle. Even though variations were noticed depending on the type of the device (e.g. smartphones vs desktop computers), it is evident that the emissions that occur during the production phase are considered of major importance (ranked either 1st or 2nd most important/emission heavy stage), and therefore the benefits of reusing are of a high relative magnitude. All in all, this project resulted in a useful tool for WeCycle to measure the benefits of their practices, as well as for any user or company that would like to measure the carbon emissions that can be avoided when they give their old IT equipment up for resell. Hopefully, by easily quantifying these benefits, this tool can motivate both a behavioral change in the industry, as well as researchers to expand it in order to cover all sectors of the industry and everyday life. / När globala utsläpp av mänskliga aktiviteter stiger, försöker globala institutioner och myndigheter att införa nya regler för att minska koldioxidutsläppen. För att företagen ska vara mer effektiva när det gäller minskade koldioxidutsläpp, inte bara från sina produkter men också med sina värdekedjor och produktportföljer, är det viktigt att förstå och kvantifiera dem. För att uppnå detta, har verktyg som kan mäta koldioxidavtrycket av olika företagsverksamheter (kolkalkylatorer) ökat i popularitet de senaste åren. En sektor i vilken företag kan förbättra sin miljöpåverkan är deras IT-utrustning. WeCycle, ett projekt som utvecklats av Greener Scandinavia AB (partner för detta projekt), är en plattform som underlättar återförsäljning av gammal IT-utrustning medan den siktar på att minska miljöpåverkan. Projektet, i samarbete med WeCycle, syftar till att utveckla ett mjukvaruverktyg som beräknar miljöfördelar (kg CO2-ekv.) vid återanvändning av gammal IT-utrustning. Detta kan hjälpa kunder att uppskatta denna fördel, samtidigt som de ger ett CSR-incitament. Projektets resultat var till hjälp för att förstå de potentiella fördelarna med att återanvända IT-utrustning, men också för att identifiera "hotspot" -stadierna i en elektronisk apparats livscykel. Även om det märktes variationer beroende på enhetens typ (t.ex. smartphones jämfört med stationära datorer) är det uppenbart att utsläpp som uppstår under produktionsfasen är av stor betydelse (rankad antingen viktigaste eller näst viktigaste fasen) och därför ger återanvändning relativt stor miljönytta. Förhoppningsvis, genom att kvantifiera dessa fördelar med ett lättanvänt verktyg, kan detta projekt motivera både en beteendemässig förändring i branschen och forskare att vidareutveckla verktyget till att omfatta alla industrisektorer och hushållens konsumtion.