Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:47:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ingrid Vilardi Mazeto.pdf: 786471 bytes, checksum: 882e2bc88ca5d619ff3dce431fc500b2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-02 / This study is the product of a survey conducted by the Group of Epidemiology Caregiver, whose primary focus is to know the reality of family caregivers of dependent elderly in the city of Sao Paulo. It is characterized by a longitudinal data collection on two different occasions, the first being in the years 2000 to 2002, to understand the impact on the lives of people who assume the role of caregiver for an elderly dependent family. The second, which constitutes the first step of this methodological study, in the years 2006 to 2008, with the main objective of seeking to understand the meanings of care and loss for family caregivers of elderly dependent vascular accident, whose family care had died. For that it theoretically contextualize the universe of family caregivers, death and mourning, directing the selection of subjects and method of this crop. The criteria for inclusion of subjects are: family caregivers of patients 50 years or more, carrying sequelae of stroke with three to six months after the episode, they need care, from hospitals of the Unified Health System , residents Sao Paulo, composing the universe of 50 cases at first. In the second phase of research (2006-2008), this universe previously studied 13 elderly care had died, five cases were excluded due to refusal of caregivers to participate in the interviews to form the research group of eight women, with six wives / widows and 2 daughters. The household interviews are conducted by a pair of researchers through semi-structured questionnaire and diary, setting information, data and perceptions of the caregivers, family care, the significance of the role of caring, and losses with the illness and death of person cared for. This study aims to more closely aligned with the reality experienced by wives / widows and daughters, from the moment they take care of dependent elderly family until the end of this function with the loss by death of this family. The role of caring in this study is part of the feminine universe, with their wives in greater numbers, followed by daughters. One downside to the daughters caregivers with the death of family care is the worsening financial situation because they have no right to social security benefits such as death pension for wives / widows. In this study we observed wives / widows and daughters caring for elderly husbands and elderly parents and in some cases, have become older during the care of this family. The technological and scientific advances allows for a greater longevity for the elderly with sequelae of stroke and other chronic diseases, showing and overview of long term care, which leads to the need, in short, create public policies that address the wives / widows and daughters the prolonged time spent in the care of their husbands and fathers. So they can receive for this role, relieving your fatigue, feeling cared for and maintain their health care, have potential to improve the well being of your family, and they have a professional accompaniment in her period of mourning for to reorganize / Este estudo é produto de uma pesquisa realizada pelo grupo Epidemiologia do Cuidador, cujo foco principal é conhecer a realidade de cuidadores familiares de idosos dependentes, na cidade de São Paulo. Trata-se de uma pesquisa longitudinal caracterizada pela coleta de dados em dois momentos diferentes, sendo o primeiro nos anos de 2000 a 2002, para compreender o impacto na vida de pessoas que assumem o papel de cuidador de um familiar idoso dependente. O segundo, que se constitui no primeiro passo metodológico desse estudo, nos anos de 2006 a 2008, com o objetivo principal de buscar compreender os significados do cuidado e das perdas para os cuidadores familiares de idosos dependentes por acidente vascular encefálico (AVE), cujo familiar cuidado havia falecido. Para tanto, se contextualiza teoricamente o universo das cuidadoras familiares, da morte e do luto, direcionando a seleção dos sujeitos e método do presente recorte. Os critérios para inclusão dos sujeitos são: cuidadores familiares de pacientes com 50 anos ou mais, portando seqüelas de AVE com três a seis meses decorridos do episódio, que necessitam dos cuidados, provenientes de hospitais do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), residentes na cidade de São Paulo, compondo o universo de 50 casos no primeiro momento (2000 a 2002). Na segunda fase da pesquisa (2006 a 2008), desse universo anteriormente estudado, 13 idosos cuidados haviam falecido, cinco casos se recusaram em participar das entrevistas domiciliares, formando então o grupo pesquisado de 8 mulheres, sendo 6 esposas/viúvas e 2 filhas. As entrevistas domiciliares são realizadas por uma dupla de pesquisadoras através de questionário semi estruturado e diário de campo, configurando informações, dados e percepções sobre as cuidadoras, o familiar cuidado, os significados do papel de cuidar, e das perdas com o adoecimento e a morte da pessoa cuidada. O presente estudo pretende uma aproximação maior com a realidade vivenciada por esposas/viúvas e filhas, desde o momento que assumem o cuidado do familiar idoso dependente, até o término dessa função com a perda por morte desse familiar. A função de cuidar, nesse estudo faz parte do universo feminino, sendo as esposas em maior número, seguidas pelas filhas. Um aspecto negativo para as filhas cuidadoras com a morte do familiar cuidado é a piora da situação financeira, pois não têm direito ao benefício previdenciário como a pensão por morte para as esposas/viúvas. Nesse estudo observamos esposas/viúvas e filhas idosas cuidando de maridos e pais idosos; em alguns casos, tornaram-se idosas ao longo do cuidado desse familiar. O avanço tecnológico e científico possibilita uma maior longevidade aos idosos com seqüelas de AVE e outros agravos crônicos, mostrando um panorama de cuidados prolongados, o que leva à necessidade de, em curto prazo, criar políticas públicas que contemplem as esposas/viúvas e filhas durante o prolongado tempo que dedicam aos cuidados de seus maridos e pais. Para que elas possam receber por esse papel, atenuando seu cansaço, sentindo-se cuidadas para manter sua saúde e se cuidarem, terem possibilidade de melhorar o bem estar de seu familiar, e que elas tenham um acompanhamento profissional em seu período de luto para que possam se reorganizar

Resumo: Apesar do aumento na quantidade de trabalhos que visam abordar o morrer como tema de investigação, observa-se que, no interior da sociedade contemporânea, prevalece a reprodução da cultura de interdição da morte, dificultando que a temática seja abordada e discutida nos mais variados contextos. Tendo em vista que a relação com a morte está longe de ser unívoca, acredita-se que o sentido dado a ela pode estar vinculado às experiências pessoais e familiares a respeito, à religião, à cultura, à idade, entre inúmeros outros fatores. Nesse sentido, o objetivo fundamental deste trabalho foi compreender como, no interior de uma mesma família, se dá a relação com a morte em três momentos da existência, a saber, na adolescência, vida adulta intermediária e velhice. Para isso, mediante o método fenomenológico, foi estabelecido contato com seis famílias, sendo que em cada uma delas, entrevistou-se individualmente, um adolescente, seus genitores e, pelo menos um dos avós. Após a compreensão das vivências dos participantes foi possível a apreensão de cinco categorias de análise, a saber, a) Os sentidos da morte na existência, que aborda como os colaboradores compreendem o fenômeno da morte, bem como suas crenças e incertezas a respeito do tema; b) Saber-se mortal: existindo na finitude, categoria que diz respeito ao modo como os colaboradores vivenciam a possibilidade da morte de si mesmos; c) Ser-na-ausência do outro: a morte desvelando-se como perda, em que os colaboradores rememoram as perdas mais significativas que tiveram ao longo de suas vidas e pensam na morte daqueles com quem convivem diariamente; d) Ser-com-a-família: a coexistência diante da morte, a qual revela com as famílias abordam a temática morte na vida cotidiana; e) Ser-no-mundo ante a inevitabilidade da morte: as possibilidades da existência, em que as reflexões sobre a morte e o morrer dão ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Despiste the increase in the quantity of works that aim to study death as a research topic is observed on the contemporary society it still prevails the repeating of the probition's of the subject death, what can make difficult how the issue is addressed and discussed in severa contexts. Given that the relationship with death is not single, believe that the meaning credited to it can be linked to personal and family experiences about it, religion, culture, age, among numerous other issues. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to understand how the relationship is with death in three different stages of the life, namely, adolescence, adulthood and on elderly age, within the same family. For this goal, through phenomenological methodology, was established contact with six families, and in each one was individually interviewed: a teenager, his parents and at least one grandparent. After to understand the participant's experiences, five thematic categories were created: a) The meanings of death in existence, which discusses how the participants understand the phenomenon of death, as well as their beliefs and doubts about the topic; b) Knowing myself as a mortal person: living on finitude, this category relates how the participants experience the possibility of death for themselves; c) Being-in-absence-of-the-other: the death revealing itself as a loss, in which the participants remind the most significant losses experienced by them in their lives and think about the possibility of lose dear people who live daily with them; d) Being-with-the-family: the coexistence in the face of death, which reveals families deal with death themes in everyday life; e) Being-in-the-world in front of the inevitability of death: the possibilities of existence, which shows that the reflections on death and dying can open space to the life have a new meaning. From these categories, the data were arranged by ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Ligia Ebner Melchiori / Coorientador: Carmen Maria Bueno Neme / Banca: Yolanda Cintrão Forghieri / Banca: Alessandra de Andrade Lopes / Mestre

FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / Este trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar o luto e as lamentaÃÃes fÃnebres das personagens da tragÃdia Suplicantes, de EurÃpides, no contexto do teatro, da religiÃo e da polÃtica grega. Para isso, proponho a traduÃÃo da peÃa citada para o portuguÃs brasileiro, observando, por meio dela, o modo como os aspectos concernentes ao luto na GrÃcia antiga podem ser compreendidos por nÃs. A traduÃÃo proposta à feita a partir da ediÃÃo do texto grego estabelecido por Paley (2010), e apoiada em traduÃÃes existentes em lÃnguas modernas, como a portuguesa de Josà Ribeiro Ferreira (2012), a inglesa de David Kovacs (1998), a espanhola de Josà Luis Calvo MartÃnez (1995), entre outras. O primeiro capÃtulo apresenta algumas definiÃÃes gerais de teatro e discute o papel do tradutor de teatro em face dessas definiÃÃes; o segundo trata de modo mais especÃfico do teatro grego em si; o terceiro traz a traduÃÃo proposta com as notas e uma breve apresentaÃÃo de Suplicantes; e o quarto apresenta o estudo da peÃa-objeto no que tange Ãs aÃÃes dos personagens nas cenas que mostram as lamentaÃÃes, o luto e os ritos fÃnebres em suas implicaÃÃes teatrais, religiosas e polÃticas. Baseio-me, principalmente, em Loraux (1994), Alexiou (2002) e Storey (2008). Por fim, concluo com uma reflexÃo sobre o processo de traduÃÃo e sobre a contribuiÃÃo da traduÃÃo da peÃa-objeto para os Estudos ClÃssicos, bem como para os Estudos da TraduÃÃo no Brasil. / This work aims at analyzing the mourning and funeral lamentations of the characters in Euripidesâ Suppliants in the context of the Greek theater, religion and politics. For this, I propose the translation of the mentioned play into Brazilian Portuguese, observing throught it the way the aspects regarding to mourning in Ancient Greece can be comprehended by us. The proposed translation starts from the Greek text edition established by Paley (2010), and is supported by translations into modern languages, such as the Spanish one by Josà Luis Calvo MartÃnez (1995), the Brittish one by David Kovacs (1998), the Portuguese one by Josà Ribeiro Ferreira (2012), among others. The first chapter presents some general notions of Theater and discusses the theater translatorâs role in light of these definitions; the second one regards more specifically to the Greek Theater itself; the third one brings the proposed translation with the notes and a brief presentation of the Suppliants; the fourth one presents the study of the play regarding to the charactersâ actions in scenes of lamentations, mourning and funeral rituals in its theatrical, religious and political implications. In this chapter, I am mainly based on Lourax (1994), Alexiou (2002) and Storey (2008). Finally, I conclude with a reflection upon the translation process as well as the contribution of the translation of the play to the Classical and Translation Studies in Brazil.

Esta tese de doutorado busca fazer uma articulação entre conceitos da metapsicologia freudiana e sintomas da demência de tipo Alzheimer, como descritos pela neuropsicologia. A pesquisa levou a estudar a relação do idoso com seu corpo, durante o processo de envelhecimento, assim como o desenvolvimento do conceito de narcisismo por Freud e a implicação da estruturação deste para o surgimento das demências. Num segundo momento, seguindo os passos já trilhados por autores que levantaram a hipótese da relação entre o aparecimento do sintoma de perda de memória e a dificuldade na elaboração dos lutos, levantou-se a hipótese do sintoma de perda de memória como um mecanismo de defesa. A história subjetiva em relação ao complexo de castração define a maneira como o sujeito poderá lidar com a castração imposta pela aproximação do fim do Eu. Por fim, propôs-se uma leitura psicanalítica para as mudanças experimentadas pelo sujeito, desde o diagnóstico da doença de Alzheimer até o estágio avançado da doença. Nesse percurso, fica claro que, na fase inicial, o Supra Eu encontra-se abalado; na fase intermediária, são as funções do Eu que são atingidas até o ponto de nos encontrarmos diante de um sujeito sem um funcionamento egoico. É possível supor que, sem a possibilidade da sublimação ou da simbolização, as pulsões, sem representações que possam enlaçá-las, invadem o aparelho psíquico e o corpo do idoso, o qual já não se reconhece mais como um sujeito. Essa desintegração do Eu, à luz da metapsicologia, poderia ser compreendida como uma forma de mecanismo de defesa que protegeria o sujeito de entrar em contato com uma dor maior, ligada a uma história de lutos não elaborados e de traumas que seriam reatualizados no contato com os desafios do processo de envelhecimento / This doctoral thesis seeks to articulate concepts of Freudian metapsychology and the symptoms of Alzheimer\'s dementia as described by neuropsychology. The research led us to study the relationship that the elderly develop with their body during the aging process as well as the development of the concept of narcissism by Freud and the implication of the structure of this to the onset of dementia. In a second chapter, following the steps already taken by authors who raised the hypothesis of the relationship between the appearance of the symptom of memory loss and the difficulty in the elaboration of mourning, we hypothesized that the memory loss symptom can be understood as a defense mechanism. The subjective history of the castration complex defines the way in which the subject can deal with the castration imposed by the approximation of the end of life. Finally, we propose a psychoanalytic reading for the changes experienced by the subject from the diagnosis of Alzheimer\'s disease to the advanced stage of the disease. In this course, it is clear that in the initial phase, the Superego is shaken, in the intermediate phase, the functions of the ego are affected to the point of being faced with a subject without an egoic functioning. It is possible to suppose that without the possibility of sublimation or symbolization, the drives, without representations that can entail them, invade the psychic apparatus and the body of the elder who no longer recognizes himself as a subject. This disintegration of the ego, in the light of metapsychology, could be understood as a form of defense mechanism that would protect the subject from coming into contact with a greater pain, linked to a history of unprocessed mourning and traumas that would be awoken by the challenges of the aging process

The Revolt against Mourning calls into question the widespread critical alignment of literary modernism with Freudian melancholia. Focusing instead on “mourning,” through close readings of Virginia Woolf’s Mrs. Dalloway, James Joyce’s Ulysses, and William Faulkner’s The Sound and the Fury, I demonstrate how their depictions of this notion overturn both its traditional and contemporary understandings. Whereas Freud conceives mourning as a psychic labor that the subject slowly and painfully carries out, Woolf, Joyce, and Faulkner convey it as a destabilizing, subversive, and transformative force to which the subject is radically passive. For Freud, mourning is a matter of severing one’s libidinal bond to the lost other and reinvesting the free libido in a new object. But these modernists show that this bond is not in fact something we have the power to sever. Rather, precisely because we must stay internally bound to the lost other, we are always exposed to being usurped and altered by its alterity. Indeed, what my readings disclose is that these novels end up being (dis)possessed by the spectral force unleashed in them. I argue, however, that each writer can be read as attempting a textual exorcism to free his or her novel from this force by invoking a vital, dynamic movement I call “life.” But although Woolf, Joyce, and Faulkner seek such liberation, their narrative experiments ultimately fail to achieve it. And yet, for that very reason, Mrs. Dalloway, Ulysses, and The Sound and the Fury further illuminate how mourning both precedes and exceeds our desire to master it and binds us to the others we lose, perhaps for the entirety of our lives.

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This thesis is focused on Virginia Woolf¡¦s mourning in her Mrs. Dalloway and To the Lighthouse based on the theory of the work of mourning. Since Freud¡¦s grounding essay, ¡§Mourning and Melancholia¡¨ first appeared in 1918, numerous critics, like John Bowlby and Therese Rando, have followed Freud¡¦s path to study the process of the work of mourning. Julia kristeva also proposes ¡§the sublimatory hold over the lost Thing¡¨ as a way of curbing mourning. In To the Lighthouse, Virginia Woolf restarts her work of mourning, which she fails when her mother, Julia Stephen dies. Woolf writes down and expresses her memories and affections of her mother through her fictional surrogate, Lily Briscoe. Through Lily¡¦s completion of her painting in the end of the novel, Woolf also completes her own work, not only the work of art but also her belated work of mourning. The reason that Woolf writes about her work of mourning in a belated time is that she has not find an appropriate voice of her own to speak out her mind. It is until the creation of Mrs. Dalloway, in which she experiments with the technique of stream-of-consciousness, that Woolf finds a voice of her own. As a result, after the composition of Mrs. Dalloway, Woolf starts her work of mourning in To the Lighthouse. The first chapter begins with an introduction to the theories of mourning and Robert Humsphrey¡¦s theory of the techniques of stream-of-consciousness in modern novel. The second chapter is the discussion of Mrs. Dalloway. By means of her experiment of the new technique of narration, Woolf is able to reveal her belief of the work of mourning through the doubling of the sane Clarissa Dalloway and the insane Septimus, that any suppression of the work of mourning may cause insanity. The third chapter explains how Woolf restarts her belated work of mourning in To the Lighthouse. Since some of the plots of the novel derive from Woolf¡¦s own experiences, verbalizing her past is Woolf¡¦s first step of her work of mourning. Moreover, Woolf expresses her feelings and sentiments for her mother, represented as Mrs. Ramsay, through Lily Briscoe, the surrogate mourner in the novel. By means of the technique of stream-of-consciousness, Woolf is able to speak out her true thoughts about her mother through Lily¡¦s observation of Mrs. Ramsay. Therefore, in the end of the novel, Woolf and her surrogate, Lily, are finally able to finish their own work of art and of mourning as the story ends. In the last chapter, I suggest that Woolf¡¦s new invention of the technique of stream-of-consciousness as her own voice in Mrs. Dalloway initiates her next novel, To the Lighthouse. This is why Woolf restarts her work of mourning of her mother three decades later¡Xbecause she is finally able to speak of her own.

Despite prohibitions attributed to the Prophet Muhammad strictly forbidding the practice of dramatic acts of public mourning, Muslim women have persisted in wailing performances throughout history and across boarders. Pashtun social ethics require women to participate in visitation exchanges commemorating sorrowful and joyous events experienced by members of their social circle known as gham-xadi exchanges. These exchanges, which involve performative mourning rites, affirm a woman’s place in society through the maintenance of complex social networks. This research examines the role ritualized mourning performances play in the construction and maintenance of ethnic and religious identities among Pashtun women living in Pakistan. It explores the opposing pressures of Islamic prescription and Pashtun traditions regarding funerary rites and women’s mourning, arguing that social changes taking place in recent decades have caused these pressures to come into increasing conflict with one another. While urbanization and the shift from an agrarian to an industrial based economy in Pakistan has led to the amplified importance of wailing performances, globalization and growing exposure to the West has revitalized anxieties surrounding proper religious practices. The process of Islamization occurring through constitutional and educational reforms in Pakistan compounds this anxiety. These tensions have created an identity crisis among Pashtun women in Pakistan who are then forced to reconcile these disparate demands resulting in the layering of their identities. / text

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

The gendered construction of mourning and cleansing rites of widowhood was studied amongst the Zulu community of Ndwedwe, 70 kilometres north of Durban in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. These cultural rites were investigated through in-depth interviews with six widowers and twelve widows. Respondents were asked about their experiences and perceptions regarding their compliance to the two rites. An analysis of these experiences, which were translated and transcribed into English, was carried out, using studies from other cultures internationally and locally as reference point, for the study. It was revealed that mourning rites, which follow death of a spouse can be stressful for both genders and must be observed strictly by the use of black or any mourning dress. The period of mourning is characterised by isolation and stigmatisation especially for the widows. Cleansing is a symbolic act that purifies all members of the household from defilement by death. This is done for all relatives following burial but a widow remains impure not less than one year of 'successful' mourning in most cases, before she is cleansed and is then absolved into society's normal life. This study has revealed that mourning and cleansing rites have psychological and physical health implications for both genders but with more negative impacts on widows than widowers. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, 2003.