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This dissertation explores the battle to democratize the national security state, 1970-1978. It examines the neo-progressive movement to institutionalize a new domestic policy regime, in an attempt to force government transparency, protect individual privacy from state intrusion, and create new judicial and legislative checks on domestic security operations. It proceeds chronologically, first outlining the state's overwhelming response to the domestic unrest of the 1960s. During this period, the Department of Justice developed new capacities to better predict urban unrest, growing a computerized databank that contained millions of dossiers on dissenting Americans and the Department of Defense greatly expanded existing capacities, applying cold war counterinsurgency and counterintelligence techniques developed abroad to the problems of protests and riots at home. The remainder of the dissertation examines how the state's secret response to unrest and disorder became public in the early 1970s. It traces the development of a loose coalition of reformers who challenged domestic security policy and coordinated legislative and litigative strategies to check executive power. / History

<p dir="ltr">Quantum information science and technology has been at the forefront of science and technology since MIT mathematician Peter Shor discovered a quantum algorithm to factor large numbers in 1994. Advancement in quantum theory also advances practical technological applications. Quantum technology can be applied both in civilian society and the military field from encryption, artificial intelligence, sensing, to communications. This multi-purpose applicability, therefore, has the potential to alter international security as scientifically advanced nation-states vie for quantum supremacy. This research examines the applications of quantum science and how these applications can potentially impact international security. Because nation-states fund and support quantum science research, sources of method will include academic journals and online resources as well as government reports. Practical applications of quantum technology, including quantum computing, quantum sensing, and quantum communication, will constitute the primary scope of this research.</p>

This Bachelor's thesis examines the consequences of Sweden's NATO membership regarding its security and defence policy, with a particular focus on Gotland. Sweden's transition to NATO membership was motivated by escalating geopolitical tensions in Europe due to the conflict between Russia and Ukraine and especially in the Baltic Sea region. This study employs a qualitative approach, using semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders in Gotland's military and municipal sectors to assess the strategic, operational and tactical effects of NATO membership. The results indicate that although NATO membership strengthens Sweden's national defence and geopolitical position, its immediate tactical and operational effects on Gotland are limited. The ongoing military development in Gotland, which was initiated before NATO membership, continues to develop with additional support and cooperation opportunities provided by the alliance. The research highlights the strategic necessity of NATO membership for Sweden, which provides increased security guarantees and adapts to broader geopolitical goals. However, the full extent of NATO's influence on Gotland's military development and societal impact requires further investigation given the recency of Sweden's membership on March 7, 2024. This thesis contributes to the academic discussion of geopolitical alliances and provides insights for policy makers in strategic planning and implementation.

Russia has always been a primary factor in the development of the Baltic States. It is impossible to analyse Baltic security without looking into the processes inside Russia and the prevailing trends vis-a-vis the Baltic States. However, the changes in the Baltic security landscape in the 21st century lack a comprehensive analysis. This thesis seeks to bridge the gap. Two key aims are being pursued in this thesis. The first is to present an analysis of Russia's European agenda under President Vladimir Putin and to examine the place of the Baltic States in this agenda. The second aim is to define Russia-related threats and challengers to the Baltic States, as well as prospects in Russo-Baltic relations. To attain these aims, inter-active approach to international relations, comprising three levels of analysis - the international system, the nation state (domestic level) and the individual (personality) level - has been applied. The neo-realist paradigm of international relations theory, comparative analysis and the Knudsen model, which addresses the peculiarities of relations between great powers and small states, are the methodological framework of the thesis. When analysing the development of Russo-Baltic relations in 1990-2006, this thesis focuses on the evolution of the Baltic States from factors to actors and their chance of shaping Russo-Baltic relations from within the enlarged EU and NATO. It also examines possibilities for more active engagement of Russia in the Baltic region. The thesis concludes with an analysis of perspectives for the Baltic States in countering Russia-related threats and building cooperativer elations with Russia. The author maintains that 'high politics' in Russo-Baltic relations has ended, yet, the tensions do remain in 'low politics'. Russia seeks to retain her political and economic influence in the Baltics by exploiting various tools, primarily economic levers and Baltic dependence upon Russian energy.