Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-05-19T11:32:36Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Jean Carlos A. Lelis - 2015.pdf: 735614 bytes, checksum: 4a7e9e89fe1b8a8d2fff12ead96e312d (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-05-19T11:34:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Jean Carlos A. Lelis - 2015.pdf: 735614 bytes, checksum: 4a7e9e89fe1b8a8d2fff12ead96e312d (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-19T11:34:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Jean Carlos A. Lelis - 2015.pdf: 735614 bytes, checksum: 4a7e9e89fe1b8a8d2fff12ead96e312d (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In this work we present some methods used in the study of systems of additive forms on local fields, and a proof for a particular case of Artin’s Conjecture, which says that every systems with R additive forms of degrees k1; :::;kR has non trivial p-adic solution for any prime p, if the number s of variables is higher than k2 1 +k2 2 + +k2R, given by Wooley [12], where he shows that G(3;2) = 11. Keywords / Nesse trabalho, nós apresentamos alguns dos métodos usados no estudo de formas aditivas sobre corpos locais, e uma prova para um caso particular da Conjectura de Artin, que afirma que todo sistema de R formas aditivas de graus k1;k2; :::;kR possui solução p-ádica não trivial para todo p primo, se o número s de variáveis for maior que k2 1 +k2 2 + +k2R , dada por Wooley [12], onde ele mostra que G(3;2) = 11.

This thesis examines the foreign policy evolution of Japan from the time of its modernization during the mid-nineteenth century though the present. It is argued that infringements upon Japanese sovereignty and geopolitical vulnerabilities have conditioned Japanese leaders towards power seeking policy objectives. The core variables of statehood, namely power and sovereignty, and the perception of state elites are traced over this broad time period to provide a historical foundation for framing contemporary analyses of Japanese foreign policy. To facilitate this research, a unique framework that accounts for both the foreign policy preferences of Japanese leaders and the external constraints of the international system is developed. Neoclassical realist understandings of self-help and relative power distributions form the basis of the presented analysis, while constructivism offers crucial insights into ideational factors that influence state elites. Social Identity Theory, a social psychology theory that examines group behavior, is integrated to conceptualize the available policy options. Surveying Japanese foreign policy through this framework clarifies the seemingly irreconcilable shifts in Japan's foreign policy history and clearly delineates between political groups that embody distinct policy strategies and norms. Consequently, the main contribution of this thesis lies in the development of a theoretical framework that is uniquely positioned to identify historical trends in foreign policy. Owing to the numerous shifts in modern Japan's foreign policy history, this research identifies and examines three distinguishable Japanese “states”: Meiji Japan (1868 - 1912), Imperial Japan (1912 - 1945), and postwar Japan (1945 - present).

La spectroscopie de plasma induit par laser (En anglais LIBS: laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy) est une méthode analytique de spectroscopie d'émission optique qui utilise un plasma induit par laser comme source de vaporisation, d'atomisation et d'excitation. Bien que la LIBS ait démontré sa polyvalence et ses caractéristiques attrayantes dans de nombreux domaines, les aspects quantitatifs de la LIBS sont considérés comme son talon d'Achille. D'un point de vue fondamental, cela peut être dû à la nature complexe du plasma induit par laser comme source d'émission spectroscopique. La caractérisation temporelle et spatiale du plasma induit par laser est considérée comme l'un des points clés pour comprendre les fondements de la technique LIBS. D'autre part, la LIBS est habituellement caractérisée par l'utilisation d'une ablation laser directe, sans traitement préalable de l'échantillon. Cela pourrait être assez limitant en particulier pour certains types de matériaux tels que des poudres ou des liquides. Une préparation adéquate ou un traitement approprié de l'échantillon permettant le dépôt d'un film mince et homogène de l'échantillon sur une surface métallique pourrait grandement augmenter le potentiel de la LIBS en vue d'obtenir de meilleures performances analytiques, et notamment une meilleure sensibilité et un effet de matrice réduit. On parle alors de LIBS assistée par surface car la matrice métallique contribue à une augmentation de la température du plasma. Le présent travail de thèse est donc motivé par deux aspects importants de la technique LIBS: la connaissance du plasma induit par laser comme source d'émission spectroscopique, et de nouvelles méthodes de préparation des échantillons pour améliorer la performance analytique de la LIBS, notamment pour des échantillons comme poudres et liquides visqueux. La première partie de cette thèse (chapitre 2) est consacrée à la caractérisation du plasma induit sur des échantillons de verre, en fonction de la longueur d'onde du laser, infrarouge (IR) ou ultraviolet (UV), et du gaz ambiant, de l'air ou de l'argon. L'imagerie spectroscopique et la spectroscopie d'émission résolue en temps et en espace sont utilisées pour le diagnostic du plasma. La deuxième partie de cette thèse est de développer des méthodes de préparation d'échantillons, déposés sur des surfaces métalliques pour l'analyse LIBS de poudres ainsi que de vins comme exemples de liquide. Au chapitre 3, nous avons appliqué la LIBS pour l'analyse quantitative dans des poudres (exemples de poudres : cellulose, alumine ainsi que de la terre). Au chapitre 4, nous avons appliqué la LIBS pour la classification des vins français selon leurs régions de production. Deux modèles de classification basées sur l'analyse des composants principaux (PCA) et la forêt aléatoire (RF) sont utilisés pour la classification. A l'aide de ces applications, ce travail de thèse démontre l'efficacité de la méthode LIBS assistée par surface pour l'analyse de poudres (cellulose, alumine et sols) et de liquides (vins), avec une limite de détection dans l'ordre de ou sous la ppm et une réduction significative de l'effet de matrice / Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is an analytical method with optical emission spectroscopy that uses a laser pulse to vaporize, atomize, and excite a hot plasma as the spectroscopic emission source. Although LIBS has demonstrated its versatility and attractive features in many fields, the quantitative analysis ability of LIBS is considered as its Achilles’ heel. From a fundamental point of view, this can be due to the complex nature of laserinduced plasma as the spectroscopic emission source for LIBS application. The temporal and spatial characterization of laser-induced plasma is considered as one of the key points for the LIBS technique. On the other hand, from the analytical point of view, LIBS is usually characterized by direct laser ablation. This can be however quite limiting, especially for some types of materials such as powders or liquids. Proper sample preparation or treatment allowing the deposition of a thin homogeneous film on a metallic surface could greatly improve the analytical performance of LIBS for these types of materials. Since the metallic surface is expected to contribute to increase the temperature and the density of the plasma and, consequently, to a better overall sensitivity, we call this technique surface-assisted LIBS. The present thesis work is therefore motivated by two basic aspects of LIBS analysis: the need of an improved knowledge of laser-induced plasma as a spectroscopic emission source, and new methods to improve the analytical performance of LIBS, including a higher sensibility and a reduced matrix effect. The first part of this thesis (Chapter 2) is dedicated to an extensive characterization of the plasma induced on glass samples, as a function of the laser wavelength, infrared (IR) or ultraviolet (UV), and the ambient gas, air or argon. Both the spectroscopic imaging and time- and space-resolved emission spectroscopy are used for plasma diagnostics in this work. The second part of this thesis is to develop a surface-assisted LIBS method for the elemental analysis in powders, and in wines as examples of liquids. We applied the surface-assisted LIBS for the quantitative elemental analysis in cellulose powders, alumina powders, and soils (Chapter 3). Special attentions are paid on the figures-of-merit, matrix effects, and normalization approaches in LIBS analysis. We also used the surfaceassisted LIBS for the classification of French wines according to their production regions (Chapter 4). Two classification models based on the principal component analysis (PCA) and random forest (RF) are used for the classification. Through these applications, this thesis work demonstrates the efficiency of the surface-assisted LIBS method for the analysis of powders (cellulose, alumina and soils) and of liquids (wines), with ppm or sub-ppm sensitivities and a reduced matrix effect

Nous avons développé un nouveau test de prédiction de l’efficacité de thérapies anti-cancéreuses. Ce concept se base sur la détermination d’une signature moléculaire tumorale par RT-qPCR. Cette signature est issue d’un algorithme de normalisation innovant de comparaison des données d’expression relative des cibles de la tumeur avec celles de tissus de référence. Cette normalisation offre à chaque cible de la signature un rang et un score spécifique permettant de hiérarchiser les voies pro-tumorales afin de trouver la ou les cibles dominantes responsables du développement de la tumeur. La signature comprend des cibles donnant des informations générales sur le statut et l’hétérogénéité de la tumeur, sur l’angiogenèse et la lymphangiogenèse, sur le microenvironnement tumoral et enfin sur l’activité migratoire. Une validation préclinique dans les modèles du cancer colorectal, de la prostate et du glioblastome, a montré que le test est prédictif de l’efficacité thérapeutique. / We developed a new tool for prediction of cancer treatment efficacy. Our process is based on the determination of the molecular signature which is intended to provide a clinician’s decision tool helping to select which tumor signaling pathway(s) has/have to be targeted for best therapeutic effect. This signature representing a scoring obtained by RT-qPCR through a sequential normalization process of the expression level of target genes in the tumor compared to cancer type-specific references. These genes were selected because of a good knowledge of related biological functions, a correlation between expression level and aggressiveness of the tumor, the existence of a therapeutic arsenal already in clinical use. This signature is validated in a preclinical model of colorectal cancer and prostate cancer and glioblastoma. The results obtained show that the test we developed allows to identify the most important signaling pathway implicated in the disease and to choose the best drug.

[pt] Existem diferentes estilos de cálculos dedutivos, usados para derivar os teoremas de uma lógica. Os mais habituais são os sistemas axiomáticos; mas, do ponto de vista da teoria da prova, os sistemas em dedução natural parecem ser mais interessantes. Essa é a motivação que leva ao desenvolvimento de técnicas que visam a facilitar a transformação de um cálculo dedutivo para o estilo em dedução natural. Esse trabalho se concentra no aspecto de modelar regras para os quantificadores da linguagem considerada e, para isso, faz uso de rótulos. Após uma apresentação intuitiva da técnica desenvolvida, passa-se à exposição de sistemas lógicos tratados pelo método: lógica de ultrafiltros, lógica de filtros, CTL, lógica de Keisler e CTL*. Em cada caso, analisam-se aspectos de teoria da prova. / [en] There are many kinds of deductive calculus. The axiomatic ones are the more usual. However, from the point of view of proof theory, Natural Deduction systems seem to be more interesting. This is the motivation for developping a technique that aims to ease the transformation from deductive calculus to Natural Deduction style. This work concentrates on the aspect of modeling the rules for the quantifiers of the logic considered, and for this purpose labels are used. After an intuitive presentation of the technique developped, some logical systems are treated by the method: ultrafilter logic, filter logic, CTL, Keisler`s logic and CTL*. For each one of them proof-theoretical aspects are analysed.

Le règlement REACH vise à améliorer la sécurité des produits chimiques quicirculent au sein de l’Union européenne par une généralisation et un approfondissement del’évaluation et de la gestion du risque chimique. Cet objectif d’amélioration de la sécurité desproduits chimiques est censé être atteint grâce à l’instauration de quatre procéduresprincipales (enregistrement, évaluation, autorisation et restriction) et par celle d’uneobligation générale d’information relative à ces produits chimiques. Ces quatre procédures ontvocation à s’appliquer aux activités de toutes les entreprises, membres de la chaîned’approvisionnement, qui fabriquent, importent ou utilisent des produits chimiques sur le soleuropéen. De plus, ces entreprises sont soumises à une obligation générale d’information,principalement à travers la Fiche de données de sécurité, qui contient des informationsrelatives aux risques environnementaux et sanitaires des produits chimiques.Or, ces quatre procédures principales et cette obligation générale d’information représententun risque juridique pour ces entreprises compte tenu, principalement, des insuffisancesconstatées au sein des dispositions du règlement REACH. Ce risque juridique est susceptiblede porter atteinte à leur compétitivité, voire à leur survie.Toutefois, les effets dommageables de ce risque juridique peuvent être gérés par une méthodede traitement inspirée de la normalisation. Par une étape ultime de cette méthode de gestiondu risque juridique, les entreprises peuvent même espérer tirer un avantage concurrentiel de lamise en application du règlement REACH. / REACH regulation aims at increasing the safety of chemical products thatcirculate in European Union by generalizing and detailing the assessment and management ofchemical risks. This generalization relies on four leading procedures (registration, evaluation,authorization and restriction) and on a disclosure obligation. The four leading procedures areopposable to any firm in a supply chain, so that this firm can manufacture, import or usechemical products in the European Union. Firm are also subject to the total disclosureobligation, mainly enforced through the Safety Data Sheet that publishes information relativeto the health and environmental risks of involved chemicals products. Both theimplementation of the procedures and the total disclosure obligation may represent a legal riskdue to several inadequacies in the REACH regulation. For a firm, this legal risk may hamperits competitiveness and consequently its survival. However, the damaging effect of this legalrisk may be circumvented using a methodology of legal risk treatments inspired bynormalization. In the last step of such a methodology, firms may eventually find economicaladvantages when implementing the REACH regulation.

Talaromyces versatilis est un champignon filamenteux d’intérêt industriel grâce à sa capacité deproduction d’enzymes hydrolytiques. La Société Adisseo commercialise un cocktail enzymatiqueproduit par fermentation à partir de T. versatilis, sous le nom de Rovabio™. Ce cocktail est utilisé entant qu'additif alimentaire en nutrition animale, car la grande variété d'enzymes hydrolytiques qu’ilcontient peut dégrader les polysaccharides présents dans l’enveloppe des céréales, améliorant ainsila digestibilité la valeur nutritionnelle des matières premières agricoles. Malgré les efforts consentispour mieux connaître la biologie de T. versatilis, très peu est connu sur ce champignon.L’étudeprésentée ici vise à décrire les réseaux de régulation qui contrôlent l’expression des gènes codantpour ces enzymes hydrolytiques, en utilisant des approches génomiques et transcriptomiques.Avoir accès à une annotation correcte de la séquence génomique et posséder les outilsnécessaires pour l'ingénierie génétique sont essentiels pour réaliser des études de génomiquefonctionnelle. Donc, le premier volet de cette thèse a été l’analyse de la séquence génomique et lacuration manuelle de l'annotation, ce qui nous a conduits à évaluer le vaste potentiel génétique de T.versatilis pour la production et la sécrétion d'enzymes hydrolytiques impliquées dans la dégradationde la lignocellulose. Deuxièmement, un système de délétion des gènes initialement conçu pourAspergillus niger a été adapté à T. versatilis. Cette méthode permet le recyclage du marqueur desélection et est efficace dans des souches dont le système NHEJ est actif (Delmas, et al., 2014, AEM).Au cours de ce travail, deux mutants de délétion de T. versatilis ont été obtenus: ΔxlnR et ΔclrA.La première approche mise en place pour avoir une meilleure compréhension des réseaux derégulation via une vue globale du transcriptome, fut l’utilisation de la technique de RNAseq sur troiséchantillons issus de la souche sauvage de T. versatilis exposée au glucose, à la paille de blé et auglucose et paille de blé simultanément comme sources de carbone, respectivement. Les données ontmontré une augmentation massive des niveaux d’expression de nombreux gènes, en particulier ceuxcodant pour des enzymes hydrolytiques, lorsque le mycélium est exposé à la lignocellulose. Enfin, la dernière partie du projet s’est appuyée sur la la RT-qPCR, technique appropriée pourétudier un nombre limité de gènes dans une grande variété de conditions. Toutefois la normalisationdes données est une étape essentielle du flux de travail qui peut conduire à une interprétationbiologique incorrecte de la régulation des gènes. Le travail effectué sur les données de RNAseq nousa amené à reconsidérer la nature des gènes de référence classiquement utilisés, puisque la plupartd'entre eux présentaient des changements d'expression considérables en présence de lignocellulose.En conséquence, un nouvel ensemble de gènes de référence putatifs a été identifié et la stabilité deleur expression validée par RT-qPCR chez T. versatilis cultivé dans plus de 30 conditions différentes.Des jeux de données de RNAseq de 18 champignons filamenteux phylogénétiquement éloignés ontpar ailleurs été collectés, afin de démontrer que la sélection des gènes candidats pour lanormalisation des données de RT-qPCR chez T. versatilis peut être étendue à d'autres champignons(Llanos et al., 2014, BMC Genomics). Ces aspects méthodologiques validés, nous avons enfin réaliséune étude plus détaillée de la transcription d'un groupe de gènes d'intérêt par RT-qPCR, dans unegrande variété de conditions et 2 souches différentes, la souche sauvage et la mutante ΔxlnR.L'analyse de ces données a permis d'identifier des gènes aux profils d'expression similaires, quirépondent de la même façon aux substrats inducteurs et qui partagent probablement les mêmesmécanismes de régulation. / Talaromyces versatilis is an industrially important enzymes producing filamentous fungus.Adisseo Company commercializes the enzymatic cocktail, produced from T. versatilis fermentation,with the name of Rovabio™. This cocktail is applied as an animal feed additive as it contains a widevariety of hydrolytic enzymes that can degrade the polysaccharides present in the seed-coat and thusimproves the digestibility and increases the nutritional value of the agricultural raw materials.Although efforts have been done to study different aspects of the biology of T. versatilis, very little isknown about this fungus. This study aimed to describe the regulatory networks of genes encodingplant cell wall-degrading enzymes from this biotechnologically important fungus using genomic andtranscriptomic approaches.Having a correct annotation of the genomic sequence together with efficient tools for genomeengineering are essential for downstream functional genomics works and characterization of theregulatory networks. Therefore, the first task carried out an analysis of the genomic sequence and amanual curation of the annotation, which led us to assess the vast genetic potential of T. versatilis forthe production and secretion of hydrolytic enzymes involved in the degradation of lignocellulosicmaterials. Secondly, I adapted a gene deletion system initially designed for Aspergillus niger. Thismethod allows recycling of the selection marker and is efficient in a non-homologous end-joining(NHEJ)-proficient strain (Delmas, Llanos et al., 2014, AEM). During this work, two deletion mutants ofT. versatilis were obtained: ΔxlnR and ΔclrA.Towards better understanding of the regulatory network, I first contributed to an RNAseq-basedtranscriptomic study that was performed on the wild type strain of T. versatilis exposed to glucoseand wheat straw as carbon sources. The data showed a massive increase in transcript levels ofnumerous genes, in particular those encoding hydrolytic enzymes, when the mycelium wasincubated with lignocellulose.If RT-qPCR is indeed a suitable technique to study a limited number of genes in a large variety ofconditions, data normalisation is a critical step of the workflow that can lead to incorrect biologicalinterpretation of gene regulation. The work done on the RNA-seq data led me to reconsider the useof the classical reference genes, since most of them exhibited expression changes in the presence oflignocellulosic substrate. I therefore identified a new set of putative reference genes and validatedtheir expression stability by RT-qPCR in T. versatilis cultivated under more than 30 differentconditions. Then, I collected about a hundred RNA-seq datasets from 18 phylogenetically distantfilamentous fungi, to demonstrate that the use of the suitable candidates for RT-qPCR datanormalisation in T. versatilis can be extended to other fungi (Llanos et al., 2014 BMC genomics (minorrevisions)). Thereafter, I performed a more detailed RT-qPCR based transcriptional study of a groupof genes of interest, in a wide variety of conditions and in 2 strains, the wild-type and the ΔxlnRmutant. The analysis of expression data of the genes of interest allowed to identify genes with similarexpression patterns, which probably share the same regulatory mechanisms and also the substratesthat act as inducers for their expression

[pt] O objetivo da dissertação é analisar a dinâmica de aprendizagem organizacional (AO) relativa ao processo de elaboração da Norma Internacional de Responsabilidade Social (ISO 26000), segundo a perspectiva da complexidade social. No contexto da normalização internacional e à luz dos desafios estratégicos enfrentados pela ISO referentes à governança global, parte-se do pressuposto de que a abordagem da complexidade social de AO pode contribuir para uma melhor compreensão do papel da aprendizagem na formação de consenso em dois níveis: entre as diversas categorias de stakeholders e entre países. A metodologia de pesquisa compreende: (i) revisão bibliográfica e documental sobre normalização internacional; sistemas adaptativos complexos; e aprendizagem organizacional, com especial atenção para abordagens integradoras; (ii) descrição do processo de desenvolvimento da norma internacional ISO 26000; (iii) proposição de modelo conceitual que integra normalização internacional e aprendizagem organizacional, segundo a perspectiva da complexidade social; (iv) pesquisa survey junto a especialistas do Grupo de Trabalho ISO-TMB-WG SR e de seu comitê espelho brasileiro; e (v) estudo de caso de AO no processo de elaboração da Norma Internacional ISO 26000, com resultados da pesquisa survey. Esses resultados incluem: (i) a análise da dinâmica de AO relativa ao processo de elaboração da norma ISO 26000; (ii) relação dos principais fatores facilitadores de AO neste caso, considerando os dois níveis de análise; e (iii) recomendações endereçadas à ISO e à ABNT para futuros desenvolvimentos de normas internacionais em ambientes sociais complexos. / [en] The main objective of this dissertation is to analyze the learning dynamics and the specific learning mechanisms experimented by the different groups during the development process of ISO 26000 standard, through the lens of the social complexity perspective of organizational learning (OL). In the context of ISO 26000’s learning process, it was assumed that the social complexity perspective of organizational learning (OL) could be especially useful as it can improve the understanding of the role of learning in a double level of consensus – amongst stakeholders and across countries – in the light of the strategic challenges faced by ISO within the global governance arena. The research methodology comprises: (i) bibliographical and documental review on international standardization; social complex adaptive systems; organizational learning, with special attention to integrative approaches; (ii) review of the development process of ISO 26000 standard; (iii) design of a conceptual model that integrates the international standardization and organizational learning, through the lens of the social complexity perspective; (iv) development and application of a survey questionnaire to representatives of ISO-TMB-WG SR, including its Brazilian Mirror Committee; and (v) description of ISO 26000 study case. The main results can be summarized as follows: (i) learning dynamics analysis of the development process of ISO 26000 standard; (ii) list of main facilitating and constraining factors for OL in this case; and (iii) recommendations addressed to ISO regarding future international standardization processes in social complex environments.

The thesis "Reflecting the media of the 1970s and the 1980s - in-house periodicals published by Czechoslovak television and Czechoslovak radio" disserts on the content of the quarterlies Televizní tvorba (Television production) and Rozhlasová práce (Radio production). The magazines which were published within two main - in that time already institutionalized - mass media were major tools serving to the KSČ, the communist party in former Czechoslovakia. Through them it was accomplishing its ideological, or more precisely propagandistic performance targeted to both, the citizens of the socialist state and abroad. Within this platform the thesis inspects the topics handled by then TV and radio employees, the following output of the discussions and their conclusions. The qualitative analysis of the two periodicals includes an introduction summarizing the historical facts that illustrate the situation of the end of the 1960's and the beginning of the 1970's. In addition, a list of periodicals published by Czechoslovak television and Czechoslovak radio for its internal use has been attached.

Women-artist of the Czech underground movement Abstract The thesis will deal with the artworks by woman artists, who lived and created in Czech underground subculture of the 1970s and 1980s Czechoslovakia. Underground subculture was rather a lifestyle and dislike to the establishment. The thesis focuses on woman artists, for example, Naďa Plíšková, Zorka Ságlová, Kateřina Černá, Věra Jirousová, Juliána Jirousová, Iva Vodrážková and some others. It will examine if women, who were making art in the Czech underground subculture, had any female specificity of artworks, personal life or their position in the underground community. Keywords Czech Underground Culture in 1970s and 1980s, Communism, Normalization, Feminism, Independent Domestic Structures, Czech and Czechoslovak Art