Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:12:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2439.pdf: 963653 bytes, checksum: 7a769952199dac7a5f6440367be3862b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-04-27 / Instituto Internacional de Ecologia / Many are the productions already developed about nihilism in Nietzsche s work, wich the perspective of unconditional affirmation of the world and life is assumed as an inevitable consequence on the overcomig of nihilism itself. However, even admiting that Nietzsche s thougth about nihilism conducts him to an unconditional affirmation of every happening, our research is developed by the nitzschean notion of redemption. Since The Birth of Tragedy, Nietzsche explores the theme in the reconciliation fullfilled by the tragical art between the apollonian and dionisian.In his work of 1872, the philosopher finds in Dionysus shapes a god that affirms the suffering, wich is a crucial subject to the future guiding of his supreme-affirmative thought. In contrast to the tragical conception that was formed as a way to escape from the pessimism, the socratism-platonism is understood by Nietzsche as a movement that puts in progress the nihilist logical in the West, consummated on the christian conception of negativity. In front of a terrible diagnosis presented by Nietzsche in his works of maturity, we ve try to show in what measure on one hand, answering to the question about provenience of nihilism, in the other hand, explicitating it s developing on moderness, Nietzsche s philosophy is able to think radically on the overcomig of nihilism, reaching expressively in the project of transvaluation with the same notion of human s redemption. / Muitos são os trabalhos já desenvolvidos sobre o tema do niilismo na obra de Nietzsche em que a perspectiva da afirmação incondicional do mundo e da vida é assumida como conseqüência inevitável da superação do próprio niilismo. No entanto, mesmo admitindo que o pensamento de Nietzsche sobre o niilismo conduza a uma afirmação incondicional de todo acontecimento, a nossa pesquisa se desenvolve a partir da noção nietzscheana de redenção. Desde o nascimento da tragédia, Nietzsche explora o tema da redenção na conciliação realizada pela arte trágica entre o apolíneo e o dionisíaco. Nesta obra de 1872, o filósofo encontra na figura de Dionisio, o deus afirmador do sofrimento, um mote decisivo para o encaminhamento futuro de seu pensamento supremoafirmativo. Em contraposição à concepção trágica que se formou como meio de escapar do pessimismo, o socratismo-platonismo é entendido por Nietzsche como um movimento que coloca em marcha a lógica niilista no Ocidente, consumada na concepção cristã, mas que perfaz todos os domínios da cultura nas suas formas mais variada de negatividade. Diante de um diagnóstico terrível apresentado por Nietzsche em suas obras da maturidade, procuramos mostrar em que medida, por um lado, respondendo à questão sobre a procedência do niilismo e, por outro, explicitando seu desenvolvimento na modernidade, a filosofia de Nietzsche consegue pensar radicalmente o a superação do niilismo tendo como alcance mais expressivo do projeto de transvaloração com a noção mesma de redenção do homem.

Philosophy and Exegesis in the Enneads. The Wings of the Plotinean Soul in his reading of Plato’s Phaedrus”. In the present paper, we examine the role exegesis plays in the philosophy of the Enneads and, in particular, the way in which Plotinus interprets Plato. With this purpose we analyze, in the first place, some revealing passages of Porphyrius’ Life of Plotinus in order to understand, on the one hand, how late Greek thinkers conceived the exegetic endeavour and, on the other hand, the way in which plotinian philosophy was considered by his contemporaries. In the second section of this work, we examine the treatise IV 8 of the Enneads and try to show some peculiar aspects of Plotinus’ exegetic procedure as well as of his reading of Plato’s Phaedrus. / En el presente artículo, examinamos el papel de la exégesis en la constitución de la filosofía eneádica y, en particular, el carácter de la interpretación plotiniana de Platón. Para ello, en primer lugar, recurrimos al análisis de algunos pasajes reveladores de la Vida de Plotino porfiriana que nos permiten comprender, por una parte, la manera en que los tardoantiguos concebían la tarea exegética y, por otra, el modo en que la filosofía de Plotino era valorada por sus contemporáneos. A su vez, en la segunda sección del trabajo, nos abocamos al examen del tratado IV 8 de las Enéadas e intentamos poner de manifiesto algunos aspectos puntuales del proceder exegético plotiniano y del modo en que el neoplatónico lee el Fedro de Platón.

Orientador: Helena Jank / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T16:53:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Stasi_Marcello_D.pdf: 6885248 bytes, checksum: 72213b5ac92bccddfffe802d422af700 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa teve por finalidade investigar a relação entre palavra e harmonia no repertório das monodias dramáticas da seconda pratica. Após considerar a alternativa da aplicação da doutrina do ethos associado ao modo, e examinar as implicações dos conceitos de pathos, mutatio e hexachordum, este trabalho situa a importância do platonismo ficiniano no contexto cultural que circundava surgimento da seconda pratica. Buscou-se então extrair diretamente da tradução latina da obra de Platão, indicada pelos cultores da seconda pratica como fonte de inspiração, a definição e as atribuições dos conceitos de melodia e suas partes constituintes: oratio, harmonia e rhythmus. A partir dos resultados desta investigação, que apontam para a importância da dialética na constituição do conceito platônico da oratio, relacionou-se este conceito à prática harmônica do repertório em questão tal como revelada pelo trabalho de Eric Chaffe. Tomando a specierum coppula como possível elemento constituinte comum entre a oratio e a harmonia, são analisados cinco exemplos de monodias dramáticas da seconda pratica, extraídos das obras de Jacopo Peri e Claudio Monteverdi baseadas no mito de Orfeu e Eurídice. Os resultados das análises sustentam a possibilidade de que estes compositores tenham buscado, através de elaborados encadeamentos harmônicos, dar forma material à relação entre as idéias expressas no texto poético, verdadeira essência do discurso para o pensamento platônico. Para tal efeito teriam tomado como pressuposto o princípio que considera contíguas duas tríades separadas por um intervalo de quinta gerando assim uma polarização do espectro harmônico sobre o eixo bemol-sustenido. O resultado dessa pesquisa aponta para um aumento da nossa percepção em relação à extensão e importância da influência do platonismo no movimento da seconda pratica. / Abstract: This research aimed to investigate the relationship between speech and harmony in the repertoire of dramatic monodies of the seconda pratica. After considering the alternative of applying the ethos doctrine associated to the modes and examining the implications of the concepts of pathos, mutatio, and hexachordum, it locates the importance of the platonic thought as advocated by Marisilius Ficino in the cultural context that surrounded the emergence of the seconda pratica. Consequently, this research aimed to extract directly from the source of inspiration indicated by the followers of the seconda pratica, the Latin translation of Plato's work, the definition and attributes of the concepts of melodia and its constituent parts: oratio, harmonia and rhythmus. Considering the results of this investigation which pointed towards the importance of dialectics in the constitution of the platonic concept of oratio, this works sought to relate this concept to the harmonic practice of the repertoire examined as revealed by the work of Eric Chaffe. Taking the specierum copula as a possible common denominator between oratio and harmonia, five examples of dramatic monodies of the seconda pratica extracted from Jacopo Peri's and Claudio Monteverdi's works based on the myth of Orpheus and Eurydice are analyzed. The results of the analyses support the possibility that these composers have aimed, by means of well elaborated harmonic progressions, to give material form to the relationship between the ideas expressed by the text, the true essence of speech according to platonic thought. This was accomplished presuming that two triads separated by a fifth are considered contiguous, generating therefore a polarization of the harmonic spectrum over the flat/sharp axis. The outcome of this research points towards an increase of our perception over the extension and significance of the influence of Platonism in the seconda pratica movement. / Doutorado / Doutor em Música

L’encyclopédie en neuf livres de Martianus Capella, vraisemblablement composée au début du Ve s. après J.-C., se situe à la transition entre les conceptions antiques et médiévales de la « formation libérale ». Sept sciences, dons de Mercure à Philologie, exposent leur discipline devant les dieux, et forment un programme d’ascension de l’âme vers le monde divin et rationnel. En promettant un exposé conforme au statut de science (disciplina) qu’elle partage avec ses six compagnes, Rhétorique propose de dépasser les débats dont elle fait l’objet : son enseignement veut construire un art général de l’argumentation persuasive. Notre étude définit la place du livre 5 dans l’œuvre de Martianus et dans la tradition rhétorique antique. Contrairement aux traités des rhéteurs latins tardifs qui nous sont parvenus, le traité du livre 5 adopte (et adapte) les orientations des derniers ouvrages rhétoriques de Cicéron (le De oratore notamment) : la théorie est conçue pour répondre aussi bien aux questions « particulières », domaine des orateurs, qu’aux questions « générales » et philosophiques. Cette conception de la rhétorique n’est pas nouvelle : elle s’appuie sur des traditions philosophiques d’enseignement de la rhétorique, notamment développées dans des cadres péripatéticiens et académiciens. Le traité de Martianus est toutefois le seul témoin tardif qui reprenne ces perspectives avancées, et cherche à les organiser sous forme systématique. Science de la parole persuasive, la rhétorique occupe une place essentielle dans la mise en œuvre du projet de Martianus, et constitue une étape importante avant le principe plus élevé représenté par l’harmonie. / Martianus Capella’s encyclopedic work, probably composed in the early 5th century A.D., forms an original transition between Ancient and Medieval conceptions of "liberal education". As wedding gifts given by Mercury to Philology, seven Sciences present their branch of knowledge in a divine assembly : this scientific programme aims at the ascension of the soul towards the divine and rational world. Rhetoric answers (and goes beyond) the traditional critics directed against oratory. She promises a presentation consistent with the status of science (disciplina) she shares with her six companions : her teaching builds a general art of persuasive argument. Our study defines the position of Book 5 in Martianus’ work and in the Ancient rhetorical traditions. Whereas the Late Latin rhetorical handbooks that have survived partake of the « standard » rhetorical teaching, Martianus’ Book 5 adopts (and adapts) the guidelines of the Cicero’s latest rhetorical works (especially De oratore) : the theory is designed to meet both "particular " questions, area of orators, and the "general" philosophical questions. This conception of rhetoric is not new : it relies on philosophical traditions of teaching rhetoric that were developed in Peripatetic and Academic settings. Martianus’ Book 5 is however the only Late Antique testimony that embraces these advanced prospects, and seeks to organise them in a systematic form. As the science of persuasive speech, Rhetoric plays an essential role in Martianus’ project, and constitutes an important step before the higher principle represented by Harmony.

The main goal of this thesis is to describe the evolution of the concept of a world soul in the thought of Cambridge Platonist Henry More (1614-1687). However, this topic is discussed within the broader context of early modern philosophy and the birth of modern science. The philosophy of Henry More presents a very interesting confrontation between Renaissance Neo-Platonism and Cartesianism, early modern mechanicism and the newest scientific discoveries of his age, the notion of a world soul being exactly the point where all these thought currents meet. The classical conception of a platonic world soul in More's early thought later becomes the Spirit of Nature, a principle complimentary to mechanicism (and at the same time acting as its metaphysical foundation). Yet in order for the regularity of such phenomena as gravitation to be guaranteed, the Spirit of Nature has to be rid of any conscience and will of its own. However, besides this tendency to "strip" the world soul of its personal aspects, leading ultimately to the notion of a completely impersonal natural law, a deeper analysis of certain aspects of More's philosophical system shows also a determination to preserve the broader connections that tie the classical notion of a world soul to a specific world picture that does not necessarily fit...

No description available.

The Gospel of Thomas is a collection of 114 sayings attributed to Jesus and is primarily composed of rhetorical statements that were used to preserve the teachings of itinerant Greek philosophers. These collections were used to persuade individuals to join the philosophical schools represented, much like the early followers of the Jesus movement would use his teachings to convince others to join them as well. However, the theological background for the text is still debated because it contains esoteric and enigmatic references not fully understood by most scholars. This work argues that the theological and philosophical background for the Gospel of Thomas is the Alexandrian School of Middle Platonism. This background contains an understanding of the divine, the secret nature of the teachings in the text, and the presence of daemons in the cosmos. In short, this is my attempt at supplying the hermeneutical key to the text or at least supplying a valid ideological background on which the Jesus tradition is cast in the Gospel of Thomas.

Clementine scholarship acknowledges Clement's doctrine of the Incarnation and generally maintains that for Clement the divine Logos assumed human flesh. However, because of Clement's complex logology and three passages suggesting a docetic interpretation of Christ's flesh, scholars tend to move away from addressing the Incarnation and treat either the metaphysics of the multiple logoi theory or the question of Clement's Docetism, or both. Because of this diversion in research, there remains a gap in the literature around Clement's teachings about the Incarnation. This thesis begins to fill the gap by explaining Clement's view of the Incarnation, which he connects to the emergent ‘exchange' doctrine, envisaged as a divine mission. It situates Clement as an heir of the apostolic tradition while he engages with Greek philosophy and Gnostic belief. The research delineates Clement's gnostic tradition, which he considered faithful to the Old Testament and to the teachings of the apostles. The investigation collates Clement's usage of John 1:14 and the term ginomai linked with Logos, anthropos, and sarx. It examines Clement's discussion in Stromateis VII.2, where he claims the Logos assumed flesh susceptible to suffering, emotions, and physical sensibilities. In Clement's teachings, the Logos became both anthropos and sarx so that anthropos might become theos. This thesis outlines Clement's usage of the terms parousia and epiphaneia (appearing), showing they are consequential to the Incarnation. Clement presents the Logos as Saviour, who conquers malevolent powers and death to release humankind from corruption through his sufferings from birth to the cross. Clement also presents the Logos as a Teacher, who during his parousia, interprets precisely the Old Testament, and in his appearing, discloses true gnosis, which guides anthropos to godliness. The evidence demonstrates that Clement bases his path for assimilation to God upon the Incarnation of the Logos.

[pt] Fílon de Alexandria, filósofo judeu do século I, surge como o primeiro pensador a tentar conciliar o conteúdo bíblico à tradição filosófica ocidental. Neste sentido, é mais conhecido por sua doutrina do Logos, sobre a qual ainda se encontram à espera de solução inúmeras controvérsias. Esta Dissertação assume a tarefa de investigar as acepções desse Logos na obra de Fílon, abordando suas relações com a tradição filosófica e com as fontes judaicas. Considera-se sua importância para teologia cristã posterior e o papel da tradição filosófica, sobretudo do platonismo e do estoicismo, na formulação da doutrina do Logos. No entanto, o pensamento filoniano ainda se mostra original e marcado por contribuições alheias à cultura helênica, a saber, judaicas. Esta combinação tem por resultado instigantes reflexões acerca de questões metafísicas, teológicas, éticas e epistemológicas da maior relevância, revelando Fílon como pensador de grande importância na História da Filosofia, pelo que a Dissertação pretende resgatar inúmeras questões que, ao que parece, ainda hoje não foram adequadamente respondidas. Também são questionados o próprio papel da filosofia na busca humana pela sabedoria e o da fé na obtenção da virtude. No que diz respeito especificamente ao Logos filoniano, ele é a ação de Deus no mundo, o instrumento da Criação, modelo do mundo e imagem de Deus, a Palavra reveladora e o único meio a partir do qual a alma humana adquire o conhecimento verdadeiro, que vem do conhecimento de Deus. Esta faculdade, porém, não pertence ao homem senão como dom divino, como graça. / [en] Philo of Alexandria, a first century Jewish philosopher, appears as the first thinker who tried to conciliate biblical contents and western philosophical tradition. In this way, he is better known by his Doctrine of the Logos, about which many controversies are still waiting to be solved. This Dissertation claims the task to examine the meanings of that Logos in Philos works, dealing with its connections to philosophical tradition and Jewish sources as well. We pay regard to its significance to Christian theology and to the role played by philosophical tradition, especially by Platonism as by Stoicism. Otherwise, the Philos thinking still shows itself original and marked by contributions external to the hellenistic culture: Jewish ones. This combination has, by result, provocative ideas on most important metaphysical, theological, ethical and epistemological questions, revealing Philo as a very weighty thinker in the History of Philosophy. For this, the Dissertation aims to restore many questions that we see not yet properly answered. Also questioned are the role played by philosophy in the human search for wisdom and the role played by faith in the attainment of virtue. More strictly concerning philonic Logos, it means Gods action in the world, an instrument for Creation, pattern and example for the world and Gods image, the revealing Word and the sole way by which human soul acquires true knowledge, that comes from the knowledge of God. This power does not belongs to man, but its a gift from God, a grace.

With this study we analyse and expound the leitmotif that underlies G. Deleuze's philosophy. M. Foucault stated: "The XXI century will be Deleuzian". We will centre on G. Deleuze's first period works, above all on Différence y répétition, Logique du sens, L'Anti-Oedipe and Mille plateaux. In this works Deleuze establishes the foundations of all his further thought. It is a question of showing the way Deleuze carries out the Nietzschean proposal of reversing Platonism. Reversing Platonism is for Deleuze Thinking about the future. This Deleuzian attempt to make a real and positive philosophy of what is to become will be the subject of the first part of "The adventure of difference".The Adventure of Difference has two main moments: a) the construction of a transcendental empiricism, underlain by an aesthetics or ontology of intensity and b) the drawing up of a metaphysics of eventuation and ghost.In the second part, we tackle the reducing to practice of that philosophy in "the sqizoanalysis: a theoretical proposal, a war machine".Deleuze and F. Guattari state that squizoanalysis aims at: the capitalist machinery, its rational pathology and the irrational ground it builds upon. As well as the revolutionary mechanisms or war machine used to fight against repression powers that sap and undermine from the inside desire and the social.This task, that is by no means outside the reversal of Platonism, gets updated in two phases, the one named "Adventures and misfortunes of desire" (true history is the history of desire, Deleuze said); and the one called "The machine-like unconscious: a thousand plains do not make a mountain".In the first part, Deleuze y Guattari suggest a machine-like conception of the unconscious and of desire. L'Antioedipe develops this conception. In the second part Deleuze carries out what we might call the building, the own creation of the said unconscious, worked out in Mille Plateaux. Several approaches, several plateaux, make up the new system: rhizomatic, process of stratification, pragmatics, micropolitics, nomadology, will become now the figures of squizoanalisys. In Mille plateaux, squizoanalysis is presented as a map, a network, a diagram of lines of power that cross reality. Finally it should not be forgotten that squizoanalysis has a political and revolutionary side, or even better, it intends to be a revolutionary practice of political-wishing liberation and of free experimenting. "Thinking is experimenting, creating!" ¡What better reversal of Platonism!Terms: abstract machine, agencyment, body without organs, consistency plane, countenancing, war machine, reversal of Platonism, squizoanalysis, difference, repetition, micropolitics, nomadology. / .El objetivo de este estudio es analizar y exponer el motivo que recorre toda la filosofía de G. Deleuze.Su amigo M. Foucault, anunció: "El siglo XXI será deleuziano". Nos centraremos en las obras de la primera etapa, sobre todo en "Différence y répétition", "Logique du sens", "L'Anti-Oedipe " y "Mille plateaux" En ellos Deleuze sienta los fundamentos de todo su pensamiento posterior. Se trata de exponer cómo Deleuze realiza en la práctica la propuesta nietzscheana de llevar a cabo la inversión del platonismo. Invertir el platonismo es para Deleuze pensar el devenir.La tentativa deleuziana de hacer una verdadera y positiva filosofía del devenir será el tema de la primera parte "La aventura de la diferencia".La aventura de la diferencia consta de dos momentos principales: a) la construcción de un empirismo trascendental al que subyace una estética u ontología de las intensidades y b) la elaboración de una metafísica del acontecimiento y del fantasma. En la segunda parte, abordamos el momento de la puesta en práctica de dicha filosofía en "El esquizonálisis: una propuesta teórico práctica, una máquina de guerra".Deleuze y F. Guattari afirmar que el esquizoanálisis tiene por objetivo: la máquina capitalista, su patología racional y la irracionalidad sobre la que se levanta; así como los mecanismos revolucionarios o máquina de guerra con la que luchar contra los poderes de la represión que socavan y minan desde dentro el deseo y lo social. Esta tarea, que en absoluto es ajena a la inversión del platonismo, se actualiza en dos etapas, la titulada "Las aventuras y desventuras del deseo" (La verdadera historia es la historia del deseo, dirá Deleuze); y la titulada "El inconsciente maquínico: Mil planicies no hacen una montaña"En la primera parte, Deleuze y Guattari proponen una concepción maquínica del inconsciente y del deseo. Ésta es desarrollada en L'Antioedipe. En la segunda Deleuze lleva a cabo lo que podríamos llamar la construcción, la creación misma de dicho inconsciente, elaborada en Mille Plateaux. Diversas aproximaciones, diversos plateaux, forman el nuevo sistema: rizomática, estratoanálisis, pragmática, micropolítica y nomadología, serán ahora las figuras del esquizoanálisis. En Mille plateaux, el esquizoanálisis se nos presenta como una cartografía, diagrama o mapa de las líneas de fuerza que atraviesan lo real. Finalmente no hay que olvidar que el esquizoanális tiene una vertiente política y revolucionaria, o mejor, pretende ser un ejercicio revolucionario de liberación político-deseante y de libre experimentación. ¡Pensar es experimentar, crear! ¡Qué mayor inversión del platonismo!