Este trabalho irá propor novas possibilidades de leitura para o poema épico Vila Rica, do poeta mineiro Cláudio Manoel da Costa (1729-1789). Escrito em 1773, não chegou a vir à público durante a vida do autor que, desiludido com a pouca repercussão de suas obras na metrópole portuguesa, não o teria considerado digno de publicação, o que viria a ocorrer somente postumamente em 1839. Ocorre, porém, que Vila Rica é um documento de grande importância para a história do país, visto que faz a representação muito atenta da fundação da capital das Minas, cidade que aí significa a própria pátria. Seu poema épico é, antes de tudo, um dos poucos textos escritos em tempos coloniais que evidenciam perspectivas de análise da formação social, política e econômica da capitania de Minas. Ademais, as edições do Vila Rica são relativamente raras e pouco ensejaram leituras de caráter historiográfico que visassem compreender a obra como documento histórico. Faz-se imprescindível, portanto, à historiografia dos textos coloniais, definir novas possibilidades de leitura deste texto épico, contribuindo para enriquecer a historiografia colonial. Para isso devemos percorrer em análise as partes essenciais que compõem o Vila Rica, desde a Carta Dedicatória e o poema propriamente dito, passando pelo estudo histórico que o fundamenta, bastante revelador das qualidades literárias de Cláudio como historiador, o Fundamento Histórico. Resultado do empenho do poeta em vasculhar documentos e colher relatos sobre Minas, o Fundamento Histórico demonstra a nítida preocupação de fornecer autoridade à história que narra por meio da análise crítica e da escolha criteriosa das fontes. Sendo assim, a escrita da história contida no Fundamento e a utilizada no poema possuem características distintas, que respondem a pretensões específicas, que deveremos analisar. Pensar a maneira como se utiliza a História nestes dois níveis discursivos é tarefa imprescindível para iniciar qualquer consideração acerca do valor historiográfico do poema. E será este o motivo condutor do trabalho. Mostraremos enfim os critérios utilizados pela crítica já feita sobre o poeta e sua obra, que sempre tendeu à sua desvalorização do poema, para mostrar em seguida uma nova possibilidade de análise, comprometida em esboçar o valor historiográfico do poema a partir de sua própria constituição como discurso de gênero histórico. Assim percorreremos duas vias de análise. Em primeiro lugar procuraremos entender o poema como produto de sua época, definindo seus principais níveis de existência, desde a criação, passando pela circulação e leitura do mesmo. Desta análise passaremos a outra, comprometida com o entendimento dos pressupostos aplicados ao épico que o puderam definir como escrito de gênero histórico, reavaliando assim a obra. Discutiremos também a consciência, sempre presente na obra de Cláudio Manuel da Costa, de pertencer a uma nova terra, o que levou à afirmação do seu sentimento nacionalista e da motivação para a Inconfidência feita pelos críticos românticos. Veremos enfim as bases que conduzem este suposto patriotismo, a partir de uma análise dos preceitos poéticos utilizados pelo autor, tendo assim por tarefa perceber até que ponto este patriotismo deve ser entendido como expressão psicológica e individual de uma paixão pela pátria ou como mera aplicação de uma tópica de composição. / This work offers a new approach to the epic poem Vila Rica, by Minas Geraisborn poet Cláudio Manoel da Costa (1729-1789). Written in 1773, it was not published during the life of the author who, disenchanted with the poor repercussion of his works in the Portuguese metropolis, did not consider it worth of publication, which would only occur posthumously in 1839. Nevertheless, Vila Rica is a very important document for the history of the country, since it offers a rather accurate representation of the foundation of the Minas capital, a city that in this context means the country itself. His epic poem is, above all, one of the few documents written in colonial times that focus on the analysis of the social, political and economical formation of the captaincy of Minas. Furthermore, the editions of Vila Rica are relatively rare and little instigate historiographic studies that aim at perceiving the work as a historical document. It is imperative then, to the historiography of the colonial texts, to define new reading approaches to this epic text, contributing to enrich the colonial historiography. For that we must analyze the essential parts that make up Vila Rica, from Carta Dedicatória (Dedicatory Letter) and the poem itself, through the historic study that substantiates it, very revealing of Cláudio\'s literary talent as a historian, Fundamento Histórico (Historic Foundation). A result from the poet\'s application to search through documents and gather accounts on Minas, Fundamento Histórico clearly evinces the concern to provide authority to the story it narrates through critical analysis and a discerning choice of sources. That way, the history account in Fundamento and the one utilized in the poem have distinct characteristics, which aim at specific objectives, which we will analyze. To study the way he utilizes History in these two discursive levels is an indispensable task to approach any consideration as to the poem\'s historiographical value. And this will be the main motive of the work. We will show the criteria used by the critics on the poet and his work, which always tended to the depreciation of the poem, to later demonstrate a new possible analysis, one committed to sketch the poem\'s historiographic value from its own constitution as a historical discourse. We will therefore cover two lines of analysis. First we will try to understand the poem as a product of its own time, defining its main levels of existence, from its creation through its circulation and reading. From that we will proceed to the next one, committed to understanding the plans applied to the epic that could define it as a historical text, thus revaluating the work. We will also discuss the conscience, always present in Cláudio Manuel da Costa\'s work, that he belonged to a new land, which led to the affirmation of his nationalist feelings and the motivation for the Inconfidência (Disloyalty) made by the romantic critics. Finally, we will see the bases that direct this presumed patriotism, from an analysis of the poetic principles utilized by the author, aiming at perceiving how much this patriotism should be understood as a psychological and individual expression of a passion for his country or as a mere application of an argument for composition.

Alors que la post-modernité en avait proclamé la fin, alors que le post-dramatique s’était déployé contre, les grands récits semblent de retour sur les scènes du théâtre public depuis les années 1990, et plus encore les années 2000 et 2010. Cette thèse se propose d’explorer ce mouvement vers l’épique depuis que la création théâtrale n’est plus aussi explicitement tendue par de grands vecteurs politiques et idéologiques, soit, symboliquement, depuis la chute du bloc soviétique avec celle du mur de Berlin. Comment de nouvelles formes épiques s’inventent-elles alors au plateau, dans le souvenir de Brecht mais sans s’adosser comme lui à une téléologie marxiste ? Comment ce nouvel épique théâtral refonde-t-il sa verticalité ou s’invente-t-il sans verticalité ? Quel lien entretient-il avec l’édifice théorique du dramaturge allemand mais aussi quel rapport construit-il aux épopées homériques ? En observant les grandes tendances épiques contemporaines, cette thèse s’attache à dégager un concept d’épique qui soit pertinent dans le contexte démocratique et égalitaire qui est le nôtre. / While post-modernity had proclaimed their end and post-dramatic theatre had unfolded against them, grand narratives seem to have returned to the stages of French public theatre since the 1990s, and even more so in the following decades. This thesis sets out to explore this movement towards the epic genre since dramatic creation is no longer propelled by great political and ideological vectors, given the fall of the Soviet bloc and the fall of the Berlin Wall. How can new epic forms be invented on the set, following the heritage of Brecht but without leaning against a Marxist teleology? How does this new dramatic genre of epic rebuild its verticality or reinvent itself without verticality? What is its relation with the theoretical work of the German dramatist, as well as with the Homeric epic poems? By observing major contemporary epic trends, this thesis seeks to identify a concept of epic that is relevant in the democratic and egalitarian context in which we live.

The theoretical part focuses on the theme of the book - letter print - from the technical point of view. Further it explores the history, origin and various forms of a book. The thesis includes also chapters about a copyright book and the term " bibliophile". It also gives brief information about the graphic art, especially the technique of gravure. In the last part it aims at two personalities of Czech culture - a painter and graphic artist Jiří John and Jan Skácel. The practical part of the thesis is conceived as a folder that includes series of graphics accompanied with poetic texts. The graphic works are made by dry needle. The texts are written by Jan Skácel. The topic of the the copyright book expresses the author´s memories of her grandmother. The topics of each graphic work depicts the psychology of the contrast between the oldness and the youth and at the same time of the loss of a close person. The practical part should be also a sort of bibliophile.

Sur les mathématiques et la poésie chez Lacan, plusieurs choses ont été dites afin de faire état, d’un côté des éléments heuristiques des mathématiques et de l’autre pour éclaircir la relation entre psychanalyse et poésie. Pourtant, les références sur l’articulation entre mathématiques et poésie sont, hélas, marginales. Une quête sur les distinctes formulations de la liaison entre science et psychanalyse selon Lacan, suit à une problématisation épistémologique et ontologique de la psychanalyse de Lacan ; là, nous trouvons deux plateformes où Lacan mobilise son approche des mathématiques et à la poésie. La première consiste en le mathème comme une alternative au poème heideggérien afin de désontologiser la psychanalyse. La deuxième est le rapatriement des poètes expulsés par Platon au champ psychanalytique. Nous traçons la trajectoire des usages et la fonction des mathématiques en lien avec ses élaborations poétiques tout au long de l’œuvre et l’enseignement de Lacan afin d’éprouver l’importance d’eux pour la théorie, la pratique et la clinique. Pour cela, nous prenons appui sur ce que Freud avait déjà dit sur ces savoirs, notamment sur la poésie. Un double groupement quadripartite est à la base de cette recherche. Premièrement, les mathématiques ou le Mathème réunit la formalisation, le mathème, les diagrammes et les objets/thèmes mathématiques. Deuxièmement, la poésie ou Poème se compose de quatre sous-ensembles : littérature, art, esthétique et création. Nous exposons finalement trois « cas » d’articulation entre Mathème et Poème extraits de l’œuvre de Lacan. / There is no doubt that plenty has been said about the place of mathematics and poetry in the work of Jacques Lacan. On the one hand mathematics is often convoked as a heuristic tool for psychoanalysis. On the other, many books have been written in order to clarify the relationship between psychoanalysis and poetry. However, references to the articulation of poetry and mathematics remain marginal. After an epistemological and ontological problematisation of this articulation in Lacan’s work, we explore the different links that Lacan makes between science and psychoanalysis. Here we find two platforms where Lacan mobilises an approach to poetry and mathematics. The first one is the mathem as an alternative to the heideggerian poem, a shift that allows a deontologization of psychoanalysis. The second one consists of Plato’s evicted poets repatriation to the psychoanalytical field. Taking into account what Freud said about both disciplines –especially poetry– we trace the trajectory of the usages and functions of mathematics in relation to the poetic elements that Lacan developed throughout his work in order to discuss its theoretical, practical and clinical pertinence. As such, this research is structured in two sections consisting of four parts each. The first one, entitled Mathematics or Mathem stands for Formalisation, Mathem, Diagrams and Mathematical objects/themes. The second one, entitled Poetry or Poem, is composed of four subsets: Literature, Art, Aesthetics and Creation. Finally, we expose three “cases” of articulation between Mathem and Poem extracted from Lacan’s work.

Les États-Unis n’ont eu de cesse d’attendre depuis Emerson le grand chef d’œuvre national qui célèbrerait le destin d’exception de la jeune démocratie et affranchirait la littérature et la langue américaines de la tutelle du vieux continent. Cette tâche ne pouvait incomber à l’épopée dont on a pu juger qu’elle était inapte à décrire le monde contemporain et qu’elle contredisait une modernité poétique de l’intensité lyrique. La renaissance spectaculaire du « long poème » américain au cours des XIXe et XXe siècle ne peut donc s’inscrire dans la filiation de « formes » jugées obsolètes. Elle paraît d’ailleurs d’autant plus problématique qu’après avoir été rapportée au lyrisme démocratique de Walt Whitman, le « long poème » fut approprié par T.S. Eliot et Ezra Pound et assimilée aux excès d’un « high modernism » autoritaire, élitiste et systématique. C’est ainsi que la critique n’est parvenue à rendre compte paradoxalement de cette « forme » qu’en la niant, confirmant ainsi son illisibilité : le long poème ne pouvait être qu’un recueil de poèmes courts, un chef d’œuvre ruiné ou une parodie de la pensée systématique et de l’exceptionnalisme américain. En étudiant « A » de Louis Zukofsky, Paterson de William Carlos William et les Maximus Poems de Charles Olson, je vise à démontrer qu’il est au contraire possible de lire cette forme en tant que telle sans avoir recours à des typologies génériques ou à la dichotomie modernisme/postmodernisme. Je tenterai aussi de suggérer que, dans ces trois œuvres, la poésie se conçoit comme une activité en devenir qui tente modestement d’articuler le poème au monde, au temps et à la lecture. / Ever since Emerson the United-States have been expecting the great national masterpiece that would not only celebrate the unique destiny of this young democracy but would also free American language and literature from the European model. However, it did not seem that it was for the epic poem to accomplish this task given that it appeared not only ill-suited to describe the modern world but also incompatible with the demands of a poetic modernity predicated on lyrical intensity. Hence, the planned obsolescence of this “form” has made it all the more difficult to explain the spectacular rebirth of the “American long poem” in the 19th and 20th centuries. It has appeared all the more problematic since, after having been associated to Walt Whitman’s democratic lyricism, the “long poem” was appropriated by T.S. Eliot and Ezra Pound making it the symbol of the authoritarian, elitist and systematic tendencies of “high modernism”. It will thus come as no surprise that the critical community has tended to view the “long poem” negatively confirming in a way its illegibility: the “long poem” could only be viewed as a short lyric sequence, an impossible masterpiece or a parody of systematic thought and American exceptionalism. In undertaking this study of Louis Zukofsky’s “A”, William Carlos William’s Paterson and Charles Olson’s Maximus Poems I wish to demonstrate that it is possible to read the “long poem” as such without having to resort to generic categories and to the modern/postmodern dichotomy. I also hope to show that, in these three works, poetry is understood as a kind of ongoing activity which modestly attempts to articulate the poem to the world, time and reading.

The portfolio contains two of Becky Llewellyn’s music compositions: an orchestral tone poem and a chamber opera score and libretto created to explore the process of producing a major work of music theatre from conception to performance. In both works, Llewellyn’s research has concentrated on her interest in structure and form between ideas, music and visual art and their relationship to each other. Rothko’s Red The first composition in her submission is her orchestral tone poem, Rothko’s Red, a tribute to US artist Mark Rothko, whose painting techniques questioned traditional forms of narrative and structure. The topographical matrix of Rothko’s Red contains vertical aural space introduced in a ‘keyed up’ range suggesting ‘redness’, gradually deepening until the bass predominates, retaining a widened spaciality at the peak moment. Horizontally, the piece is a long crescendo of extended phrases, at first lightweight, then filling out with each repetition, moving to a full expression of orchestral magnitude, then gradually subsiding. The tone poem passes limited melodies and harmonies around to and within the orchestral families, as if in one colour. Llewellyn’s use of individual dynamics for orchestral players is an experiment in aural equivalence of Rothko techniques, using ‘heard’, not ‘seen’ tone colours. The Portrait: a musical tribute to Stella Bowen Llewellyn’s chamber opera is based on books, letters, diaries and family history research into the life of Adelaide-born writer and painter, Stella Bowen and three other writers. The opera’s libretto is structured as a series of songs reflecting Bowen’s paintings and life story. The chamber opera opens and closes in 1944, with Bowen as a WWII Australian war artist. The opera spans from 1917, when as a London art student, Bowen is introduced to editor/writer, Ford Madox Ford with whom she falls in love. The opera moves through to Paris and Ford’s subsequent love affair with writer Jean Rhys and his death in 1939. The Portrait is an exploration of how we know who we are and how, as artists, we choose to represent those insights. As the four main characters each wrote about themselves and each other, Llewellyn used their distinct content, style and aesthetic concerns to invent their musical and dramatic personae. The Portrait plays with ideas these four artists explored of extended metaphors, a shifting ambiguity in ‘artifice as a real story’, in an imagined dramatic musical work about real artists and writers; life as art and art as life. Among other themes in The Portrait; thanatos and eros, culture and morality, war and peace, fate and choice and opera as portraiture, is an underlying structural theme of time itself. Mythic time is explored as fairytale. Historical time ranges from 1920s chordal and dance motifs back to associations of medieval castles, where western-style Romantic love began. Personal, subjective experience of time is explored by most characters, as is the lack of artistic time given domestic commitments. Objective ‘time as limited’ is explored with Ford’s death and the impending death of the Australian bomber crew. Llewellyn focuses on the timebased art-form of music, while incorporating words, Bowen’s paintings and archival photographs in a chamber opera that explores the potential each art-form carries for revelation. / Thesis (M.Mus.) -- University of Adelaide, Elder Conservatorium of Music, 2007

In this paper I give biographical sketches of a thirteen century Egyptian poet, best known as al- Busiri, the original composer of Kasidatul Burdah in Arabic and the Swahili translator of the said epic best known as Sheikh Muhammad Mshela, from Shela in Lamu, Kenya. Kasidatul Burdah (The Mantle Ode) or Kasida ya Burudai, in Swahili, is the most famous qasida in the Muslim world. I transcribed this qasida from Arabic to Roman script and analysed it (wa Mutiso 1996). My intention is to show how these poets share the same world view concerning Sufism and Islamic culture in particular

Cette recherche a comme objectif l’étude d’un des thèmes clef dans la vaste œuvre du poète et essayiste mexicain Octavio Paz (1914-1998) : les analogies entre l’érotisme, le poème et le sacré comme chemins ou voies d’union et de réconciliation humaine, idée qui est particulièrement renforcée dans son œuvre à partir des voyages et du séjour en Orient –spécialement en Inde– entre 1951 et 1968. Pendant la période nommée « cycle indien » (‘ciclo hindú’), Paz s’est intéressé aux différentes traditions de la pensée orientale, particulièrement le bouddhisme, et surtout son orientation tantrique. Ce mémoire analyse les apports les plus significatifs du bouddhisme à l’œuvre de Paz. À partir de l’étude de concepts comme la vacuité, le silence, l’autre bord (‘otra orilla’), l’union extatique transcendante et la libération, ce mémoire soutient que Paz a approfondi les analogies entre l’érotisme, la poésie et le sacré en ne les concevant pas seulement comme expériences de réconciliation mais en les menant au-delà, au plan transcendental, à partir de l’union extatique dans la vacuité. Même si ce mémoire tient compte d’un grand nombre d’œuvres d’Octavio Paz, qui vont de El arco y la lira (1956) à Vislumbres de la India (1995), une attention particulière est dédiée à deux textes qui sont les plus représentatifs du résultat de sa rencontre avec l’Orient, Ladera este (1969) et El mono gramático (1974), dans lesquels il est possible d’observer les analogies que Paz établit entre l’érotisme, le poème, et le bouddhisme tantrique à partir de l’expérience de l’altérité (‘otredad’), qui propose à l’être humain la recherche de son ‘autre’ pour se réconcilier dans l’unité, et de l’expérience de dissipation dans la vacuité. La conclusion générale de l’étude souligne que l’érotisme, le poème, et le bouddhisme tantrique se proposent dans l’œuvre de Octavio Paz comme trois chemins parallèles de révélation par lesquels l’être humain peut accéder à sa plénitude, état manifeste dans l’expérience extatique. / This research studies a key subject in the work of the Mexican poet and essayist Octavio Paz (1914-1998): the analogies between eroticism, poetry and the sacred as three human ways of union, reconciliation, and liberation that are particularly reinforced in his work since his journey to and stay in the East –especially in India- between 1951 and 1968. During the period called Hindu cycle (‘ciclo hindu’), Paz was interested in different traditions of oriental thought such as Buddhism, especially in its tantric orientation. This study analyses the significant contributions of Buddhism to Paz’s work. The examination of concepts like vacuity, silence, another shore (‘otra orilla’), ecstatic transcendental union, and liberation proves that Paz studied the analogies between eroticism, poetry and the sacred in depth, broaching them not just as reconciliation experiences but taking them further (‘más allá’) to the transcendental level of ecstatic union in vacuity. Although a large number of Paz’s works are considered, from El arco y la lira (1956) to Vislumbres de la India (1995), particular attention is dedicated to two poetics texts which are the most representative of his encounter with the East - Ladera Este (1969) and El mono gramático (1974) - where we can observe the analogies that Paz established between eroticism, poetry and tantric Buddhism, through the experiences of ‘otherness’, which proposes to man the search of the ‘other’ to reconcile in unity, and dissipate in vacuity. The general conclusion of the study emphasizes that eroticism, poetry and tantric Buddhism are proposed in Octavio Paz’s work as three parallel ways of revelation from which human being can achieve plenitude, which is manifest in the ecstatic experience. / Esta investigación tiene como objetivo el estudio de un tema clave en la extensa obra del poeta y ensayista mexicano Octavio Paz (1914-1998): las analogías entre el erotismo, el poema y lo sagrado como caminos o vías de unión y reconciliación humana, ideas que se refuerzan particularmente en su obra a partir de los viajes y estancias en Oriente –especialmente en La India- entre 1951 y 1968. Durante el período denominado ‘ciclo hindú’, Paz se interesó en diferentes tradiciones de pensamiento oriental entre las que destacó el budismo, sobre todo en su orientación tántrica. Esta memoria analiza las significativas aportaciones del budismo a la obra de Paz y, a partir del estudio de los conceptos de vacuidad, silencio, otra orilla, unión extática trascendente y de liberación, se sostiene que Paz profundizó en las analogías entre el erotismo, la poesía y lo sagrado, no planteándolas sólo como experiencias de reconciliación sino llevándolas ‘más allá’, al plano trascendental, a partir de la unión extática en la vacuidad. Aunque se tiene en cuenta un buen número de obras de O. Paz desde El arco y la lira (1956) hasta Vislumbres de la India (1995), se dedica una atención particular a dos textos poéticos que son los más representativos del resultado de su encuentro con Oriente, Ladera este (1969) y El mono gramático (1974), donde se observan las analogías que Paz establece entre el erotismo, el poema y el budismo tántrico a partir de la experiencia de ‘otredad’, que propone al hombre una búsqueda de su ‘otro’ para reconciliarse en la unidad, y de la experiencia de disipación en la vacuidad. La conclusión general del estudio subraya que el erotismo, el poema y el budismo tántrico se plantean en la obra de Octavio Paz como tres caminos paralelos de revelación por los que el hombre puede acceder a su plenitud, estado manifiesto en la experiencia extática.

To be in a society or not. The movement or the stagnation. Observations in the present.

This research analyses the Dimensional Poem as a creative product stemmed from different visual poetic patterns from the agglutination between the verbal element and the dimensional one, understood by their plasticity, and material, verbal, architectonic and also interactive aspects. It is observed its localization into the national context and the intermingled paths of this creative object found in the interface of art work language and poetics, from a contemporary art point of view.The Dimensional Poem is, therefore, featured as Sculpture Poem, when it is displayed as a perennial sculpture; as Installation Poem, when its exhibition depends on a determined time and space; and Functional Poem, when it demands a reader s intervention or manipulation in order to be read. / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta pesquisa analisa o poema dimensional como produto criativo proveniente das diferentes formas poéticas visuais a partir da aglutinação entre o elemento verbal e o dimensional, compreendido por seus aspectos plásticos, físicos, verbais, arquitetônicos e também interativos. Verifica-se sua localização no âmbito nacional e os caminhos de entrecruzamento desse objeto criativo localizado na interface das linguagens plásticas e poéticas, sob o ponto de vista da arte contemporânea. O poema dimensional é, portanto, caracterizado como poema escultura, quando se encontra exposto como escultura perene; como poema instalação, quando sua exposição depende de um determinado tempo e espaço; e poema funcional, quando pede a intervenção ou manipulação do leitor para que possa ser lido.