<p>People outside of prison tend to imagine sex in prison as violent gang attacks on defenceless individuals, but in actual fact, sex in prison is more complicated than the isolated gang rapes that take place. For the purpose of this study, the researcher followed the qualitative research approach from a constructivist perspective to understand how participants portrayed or constructed their experiences of victimization and/or perceprion of rape.</p>

This thesis presents the first empirical study into the accommodation needs of Australian Aboriginal prisoners in prison custody. The over-representation of Aboriginal people in the Australian prison system is increasing and the continuing deaths of Aboriginal peoples in prison custody by suicide are an important national issue. Previous prison studies have not addressed all of the issues surrounding this problem. Although the varying and differing accommodation needs of Aboriginal prisoners have been recognised since the 1800s, there is a limited understanding of the relationship between the prison environment and the rates of suicide among Aboriginal prisoners. The aim of the thesis is to investigate the issues and present findings which may contribute to the creation of prison environments which reduce stress levels, and may in turn decrease rates of suicide among Aboriginal prisoners. The research investigates the prison environment for the Aboriginal prisoner from a people-environments approach, locates the act of suicide among a series of behaviours which may occur in response to an environment incongruent with the needs of users. These responses are influenced by a complex of personal, environmental and institutional factors. Data for the research was gathered by studying five South Australian prisons and conducting a series of interviews with 55 male Aboriginal prisoners incarcerated within them. The prisons were documented using observations, interviews with staff and prisoners, photographic surveys and environmental walkthroughs. Both the accommodation standards, and the responsibility to provide those standards by the Department for Correctional Services (South Australia), are examined. The needs and preferences of the subject group were investigated using a three-stage interview process which included gathering personal and incarceration profiles, a forced choice experiment employing photographic sets and a number of drawing exercises to elicit design preferences. The results present a picture of the Aboriginal prison population in South Australia and their design needs. It shows that there are commonalities among the Aboriginal prisoner population in that they are relatively young, have relatively large numbers of children and are dependent on other family members for stability outside the prison environment. Aboriginal people display non-complaint and resistance behaviours and are consequently segregated at an alarming rate in South Australian prisons. The research identifies that prison environments in South Australia are often incongruent with the needs of Aboriginal prisoners. The thesis presents the argument for prison environments to move from being designed within philosophies of segregation and separation to recognising the importance of Aboriginal domiciliary practices, lifestyles structured around the social group and the need to maintain connections to country for all Aboriginal prisoners. The need for prison environments to take into account the identity and spirituality of Aboriginal prisoners is highlighted. The thesis yields further understandings on the design of prison environments for Aboriginal prisoners and will stimulate debate on incarcerating Aboriginal people in a Western tradition. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1330992 / Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Adelaide, School of Architecture, 2008

Cette thèse porte sur les limites du pouvoir étatique de restreindre les droits des détenus. Afin d'explorer cette question, l’auteur identifie les spécificités de ces limitations qui peuvent influencer la justification de leur application. Ces spécificités rendent la justification des limitations en milieu pénitentiaire plus facile par rapport à celles des citoyens libres. La thèse propose des barrières juridiques améliorées contre les limitations non-justifiées.L’auteur propose une théorie originale sur la nature juridique des limitations aux droits des détenus. Il décrit aussi les normes pertinentes développées par l’ONU et le Conseil de l’Europe (la Cour européenne et le Comité pour la prévention de la torture) ainsi que les normes nationales encadrées par la législation et la jurisprudence. Une analyse critique de ces normes est menée afin de comprendre leurs défauts et de prévenir la commission d’erreurs à l’avenir.La doctrine populaire selon laquelle les détenus conservent tous les droits sauf ceux qui sont incompatibles avec l'emprisonnement est rejetée car elle s’avère peu protectrice du point de vue juridique. En revanche, d’autres axes d’amélioration des clauses limitatives existantes en droit pénitentiaire sont proposés. Il s’agit de la construction de garanties procédurales contre l’abus de limitations non-justifiées et notamment du renforcement du rôle du contrôle judiciaire ainsi que de l’application du principe de proportionnalité. L’application légitime de ce principe est plus complexe en monde libre qu’en milieu fermé ; elle requiert sans doute non de s’appuyer non seulement sur des arguments juridiques et logiques, mais encore sur des arguments empiriques. / This thesis focuses on the limits of the State’s power in restricting prisoners’ rights. In order to explore this issue, the author identifies the specificities of these limitations which can influence the justification of their use. Due to these specificities, it is easier to justify the limitations of prisoners’ rights than to those of free citizens. It is on this basis that the thesis suggests to improve legal barriers against the unjustified limitations of prisoners' rights.The author develops an original theory pertaining to the legal nature of limitations applied to prisoners' rights. Furthermore, he describes the standards developed by the UN and the Council of Europe (the European Court and the Committee for the Prevention of Torture) which apply to these limitations, as well as the relevant national standards defined by legislations and/or jurisprudence. A critical analysis of these standards is conducted with the purpose of understanding their flaws and preventing them in the future.The popular view according to which detainees retain all their rights, with the sole exception of those that are incompatible with imprisonment is rejected as not providing sufficient legal protection. This thesis presents alternative ideas for improving restrictive prison law clauses. Particular attention is paid to the construction of procedural safeguards against the abuse of unjustified limitations, including strengthening the role of judicial review and the principle of proportionality. In a security context, it is more complicated to apply this principle legitimately as it might require not only legal and logical arguments, but also empirical data.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att kartlägga motivationsfaktorer bland anställda inom Kriminalvårdens anstaltsverksamhet. För att undersöka detta utformades en huvudfrågeställning som besvarades med hjälp av tre delfrågor om vad som motiverar individer att ta anställning hos Kriminalvården, om denna motivation förändras över tid samt hur kriminalvårdarna reflekterar kring arbetsmiljön utifrån ett motivationsperspektiv. För att samla in det empiriska materialet genomfördes sex stycken semi-strukturerade intervjuer med kriminalvårdare på anstalter med säkerhetsklass ett. Det resultatet genererade var att motivationen förändras över tid. Vid början av anställningen är det faktorer som inkomst och framtida karriärmöjligheter samt viljan att testa något nytt som motiverade. Efter en tid inom yrket hade motivationen skiftat till att klienterna och sina arbetslaget som utgör den främsta motivationsfaktorn, arbetsmiljön väger in på så vis att kriminalvårdarna behöver utföra sitt arbete på ett säkert sätt då detta skapar en god sammanhållning. I slutsatsen framkommer även att en motivation till att ta anställning som kriminalvårdare är att det kan vara en språngbräda för framtida yrken. Arbetsmotivation grundar sig i en avvägning och kombination av flera olika faktorer. / The purpose of this study is to identify the motivational factors among Prison Officers working in a high security prison. To investigate this purpose, a key issue was formulated and answered with the help of three sub-questions regarding why Prison Officers choose to take employment in the prison service, if their motivation changes over time and which views they have towards the working environment from a motivation perspective. In order to collect data, six semi-structured interviews were carried out with Prison Officers in a high security prison. The results of these interview showed that motivation among Prison Officers changes over time. Initially it was the need to have an income, the possibility of future career opportunities as well as wanting to test new career paths that drove their motivation. Later, motivation shifted to it being their colleagues and the clients who contribute to their work motivation. The work environment also has an impact on Prison Officers’ motivation as safety at work it is an important factor in creating good cohesion. The study also shows that one reason for becoming a Prison Officer can be that it provides a springboard for future work opportunities. Also, work motivation is based on a balance and a combination of several factors.

Orientador: Prof. Dr. Artur Zimerman / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Políticas Públicas, 2016. / Esta dissertação de mestrado discute a visão e atuação de Agentes de Segurança Penitenciária (ASPs) no contexto das prisões de mulheres no estado de São Paulo. Frente ao crescimento alarmante da população de mulheres presas no Brasil nos últimos anos e às situações de invisibilidade e desrespeito aos direitos humanos que atingem esta população, este trabalho analisou, a partir do enfoque teórico da burocracia de nível de rua, quais são os fatores que influenciam o exercício de discricionariedade por esses agentes e em que medida isto contribui para a garantia ou supressão dos direitos humanos das mulheres em situação de privação de liberdade. Foram realizadas revisões bibliográficas sobre os temas das prisões, do encarceramento de mulheres, de implementação de políticas públicas e de gênero, bem como entrevistas em profundidade com seis ASPs e uma profissional de saúde do sistema prisional paulista. Em relação à estrutura do texto, em primeiro lugar elaborou-se um panorama do encarceramento e das prisões de mulheres, apresentando dados sobre a criminalidade de mulheres e as situações de desrespeito aos seus direitos humanos durante o cumprimento de pena. Em seguida, foi levantado o rol de leis e normas supranacionais, nacionais e estaduais que garantem a custódia digna e todos os direitos das mulheres encarceradas. A profissão de Agente de Segurança Penitenciária e as situações de estresse, problemas de saúde e o estigma decorrentes do exercício dessa profissão, bem como a análise de sua atuação em relação às pessoas presas sob a ótica da discricionariedade apresentada por Lipsky (2010) aparecem em seguida. Por fim, são discutidas as percepções de ASPs em relação às mulheres encarceradas e seu comportamento, chamando atenção para os aspectos em que os papéis socialmente impostos às mulheres são reforçados, ao mesmo tempo em que é buscada e incentivada por ASPs certa "masculinização" de suas condutas. / This master¿s dissertation discusses the vision and actions of Prison Officers (ASPs) in the context of São Paulo¿s State women¿s prisons. Due to the alarming growth of the female prison population in Brazil since past years and the situations of invisibility and disrespect to their human rights that affect this population, this work analyzed, through the theoretical approach of street-level bureaucracy, which are the factors that influence discretionary work by these agents and in what way that contributes to incarcerated women¿s human rights¿ suppression or guarantee. The research involved literature review about the themes of prisons, women¿s incarceration, implementation of public policies and gender, and six interviews with Prison Officers and one interview with a prison healthcare professional. About the text¿s structure, at first it presented an overview regarding women¿s incarceration and prisons, presenting data about women¿s criminality and the situations of disrespect to their human right throughout their time of imprisonment. Then, the supranational, national and local legislations and norms that guarantee the right to dignified custody and incarcerated women¿s rights are presented. The occupation of ASP and the situations of stress, health issues and the stigma related to the exercise of this profession, as well as the analysis of their actuation related to imprisoned people throughout the lens of discretion as presented by Lipsky (2010) are the next topic discussed. Lastly, the research discusses the perceptions of ASPs in relation to incarcerated women and their behavior, with special attention to the aspects in which socially imposed roles to women are reinforced, at the same time in which certain "masculinization" of their conducts is pursued and encouraged by ASPs.

abstract: National mandates to decrease suspension numbers have prompted school districts across the country to turn to a practice known as restorative justice as an alternative to removing students through suspension or referral to law enforcement for problematic behavior. This ethnographic case study examines school-based restorative justice programs as potentially disruptive social movements in dismantling the school-to-prison-pipeline through participatory analysis of one school’s implementation of Discipline that Restores. Findings go beyond suspension numbers to discuss the promise inherent in the program’s validation of student lived experience using a disruptive framework within the greater context of the politics of care and the school-to-prison-pipeline. Findings analyze the intersection of race, power, and identity with the experience of care in defining community to illustrate some of the prominent structural impediments that continue to work to cap the program’s disruptive potential. This study argues that restorative justice, through the experience of care, has the potential to act as a disruptive force, but wrestles with the enormity of the larger structural investments required for authentic transformative and disruptive change to occur. As the restorative justice movement gains steam, on-going critical analysis against a disruptive framework becomes necessary to ensure the future success of restorative discipline in disrupting the school-to-prison-pipeline. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Social Justice and Human Rights 2018

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T14:27:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1102773 bytes, checksum: bc7ca72b78304b43f5b5b2c8ea88e24c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Torture in Brazil is a procedure widely used by police and prison staff in places of detention, prisoners against the descendants of the poorest parts of the population and are the merits of the torturers torturers in a situation of physical inferiority and psicológica.remonta ancient historical periods, succeeding generations and deploying the terror victims. It is used as a means of investigation, to boot confession of the victim, and as punishment against a suspect or criminal. Although there is extensive legislation (treaties, conventions, etc..) Prohibiting torture, the same can not be said with the law, since it is a crime that goes unpunished in the Brazilian reality. Intensified during the military dictatorship, persists even in spite of democracy and the Constitution of 1988. Thus does the need to combat the crime of torture strictly through preventive quoting the external monitoring of penal institutions in order to intimidate the tormentors, denouncing them. Who creates a system of regular visits to detention facilities is the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture, so that they are carried out unannounced visits and regularly. The aim of this study is to analyze visits to detention centers for Prison Pastoral da Paraíba, in order to prevent torture, to make recommendations to the authorities to improve prison conditions, denouncing injustice etc. In Paraíba, this work takes place in all jails in Joao Pessoa, and the main cities, as Guarabira, Campina Grande, Patos etc. However, the visits are conducted with prior notice. So it is up to Brazil to ratify the Optional Protocol and to defend the designation of the Prison Ministry as the national preventive mechanism for its tradition in visits to penal institutions, their functional independence and political organization, etc... / A tortura no Brasil é um procedimento muito utilizado por policiais e agentes penitenciários nos locais de detenção contra presos descendentes das parcelas pobres da população e que estejam à mercê dos algozes torturadores, numa situação de inferioridade física e psicológica. Remonta a períodos históricos antigos, persistindo por várias gerações e implantando o terror nas vítimas. É utilizada como meio de investigação, para arrancar a confissão da vítima, e como castigo, contra suspeito ou criminoso. Embora exista uma vasta legislação (tratados, convenções etc.) proibindo a tortura, o mesmo não se pode dizer com a jurisprudência, vez que é um crime que permanece impune na realidade brasileira. Intensificada durante a Ditadura Militar, persiste mesmo a despeito da democracia e da Constituição Federal de 1988. Desta forma, faz-se necessário combater terminantemente o crime de tortura, através de medidas legislativas, administrativas e judiciais. No entanto, deve-se dar enfoque às medidas preventivas, como o monitoramento externo aos estabelecimentos penais, visando intimidar as torturadores, denunciá-los. Quem cria um sistema de visitas regulares aos centros de detenção é o Protocolo Facultativo à Convenção contra a Tortura, de modo que sejam realizadas visitas sem aviso prévio e regularmente. O objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar as visitas aos centros de detenção da Paraíba pela Pastoral Carcerária, no intuito de prevenir a tortura, fazer recomendações às autoridades para a melhoria das condições prisionais, denunciar as injustiças etc. Na Paraíba, este labor se realiza em todos os presídios de João Pessoa, e nas principais cidades, como Guarabira, Campina Grande, Patos etc. No entanto, as visitas são realizadas com aviso prévio. Portanto, cabe ao Brasil ratificar o Protocolo Facultativo e defender a designação da Pastoral Carcerária como mecanismo nacional preventivo, por sua tradição nas visitas aos estabelecimentos penais, sua independência funcional e política, sua organização.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T14:27:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 998397 bytes, checksum: 68d91a6c219e918afe1e685b533d8270 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research proposes to investigate the limits and possibilities of education developed in the context of imprisonment, taking as parameter the Brazilian penitentiary system. The prison as a totalitarian and disciplinary institution is a social space where the goals have been abandoned, giving rise to security measures and revenge against the prisoner, resulting in personal relationships and social processes that destroy the man, denying their humanity while stealing his staff brought, holding him in a parallel culture. Opposed to the prison context, we have that education, understood and expressly recognized in national and international legal texts as a human right, work as an instrument of human liberation, offering him the opportunity to better understand the world in which remains to be inserted, emerging from there as a man of decision, responsible for its own destiny, free from the determinism violators of their dignity. From the literature review, the experience reports of inmates and correctional professionals, and empirical observation in prison in Paraíba, the research identified in the prison school, despite countless obstacles of its own, a space reconstruction of the human being through the inmate to envision a different reality, oblivious to the "world of crime" a set of new possibilities. / Esta pesquisa propõe a investigação dos limites e possibilidades da educação desenvolvida em contextos de encarceramento, tomando como parâmetro o sistema penitenciário brasileiro. A prisão como uma instituição totalitária e disciplinar tem se revelado historicamente como um espaço social cujas finalidades oficiais foram abandonadas em nome de uma obsessão por segurança e vingança em desfavor do prisioneiro, que conduz a relações pessoais e processos sociais que funcionam como uma fábrica de coisificação do homem, negando sua humana condição enquanto destrói sua identidade e obriga-o a uma sub-cultura própria. Contrapondo-se ao contexto penitenciário, tem-se que a educação, entendida e expressamente reconhecida nos textos normativos nacionais e internacionais como um direito humano, funcionaria como um instrumento de libertação do homem, oferecendo-lhe a oportunidade de conhecer melhor o mundo no qual resta-se inserido, emergindo a partir daí como ser de decisão, responsável por seu próprio destino, livre dos determinismos violadores de sua dignidade. A partir da análise bibliográfica, dos relatos de experiência de presos e profissionais penitenciários, e da observação empírica em estabelecimentos prisionais na Paraíba, a pesquisa permitiu identificar na escola da prisão, apesar de um incontável número de obstáculos que lhe são próprios, um espaço de reconstrução do ser humano aprisionado, passando o preso a vislumbrar uma realidade diferente, alheia ao mundo do crime , um conjunto de novas possibilidades.

The modern prison service is formed by three principles. One of them is a principle of security. The penology security can be understood from different points of view depending on if we look at the problem as general public, prison staff or the prisoners themselves. The development of the prison service, its total cultural level and material conditions reflect the cultural and economic state of the society. The way in which criminal offenders are treated expresses the relation of the society to an individual and the attitude to civil rights and liberties. The work consists of two basic parts. The theoretical part contains all records concerning security within the prison service. The current prison service has to do with lots of problems such as overcrowded prisons, low prisoners´ employment, unsuitable premises, insufficient hardware and unsatisfactory professional and personal qualities of prison staff. The practical part describes the realised qualitative research method, a semi-structured interview. Representatives of general public, prison service staff and prisoners were . interviewed with the aim to find out details of penitentiary security. This work has been a probe into the penology problem. The findings and conclusions can serve as a basis for further more detailed and extended investigation in the Czech Republic as a whole.

Submitted by Neusa Fagundes (neusa.fagundes@unioeste.br) on 2018-02-22T14:16:06Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Edson_Souza2016.pdf: 2101085 bytes, checksum: b9a9ea11e480388ed9d095b706be2d2f (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-22T14:16:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Edson_Souza2016.pdf: 2101085 bytes, checksum: b9a9ea11e480388ed9d095b706be2d2f (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-20 / This study has as theme the Education in Prison System as factor of Social Rehabilitation of the Imprisoned. In addition, it brings to the attention an overview of the history of prisons from birth to the present day. The methodology of this research consists of a case study in the Industrial Penitentiary of Cascavel (IPC), demonstrating that, despite the contradictions and their biases regarding school education in prisons, there is no doubt that education is an important contributory factor for the social rehabilitation of the imprisoned man. Therefore, we believe that education in prisons is a fundamental factor of social reintegration and fostering the reduction of criminal recidivism, then, it is an act of indispensable contribution in the policy of public security, reduction of crime and increase of social security. We also present the school situation of the prisoners that served and serve their sentence at the Industrial Penitentiary of Cascavel (IPC), in the period from 2012 to 2015, in order to demonstrate the educational level of the prisoners when they arrived at the Prison Unit until the compliance of the sentence. We intend, with this study, to point to future researches that can better evaluate the level of recidivism of those who could study and be professionally prepared for a return to society. It will be a study that will demand a longer and more thorough investigation in search of those who, when leaving the Prison Unit, return to social life a little more educated and professionalized, thus having better conditions to live a life that meets the standards of harmonious coexistence with society and with their own families. We believe that if we return the offending citizens to society, a little more humanized, educated and professionalized, their chances of returning to crime may be lower. This research dialogued with the following theorists Altusser (1998), Baratta (2001), Beccaria (2001), Bitencourt (2011), Foucault (2012), Melossi e Pavarini (2010), Onofre (2007, 2011), Rousseau (2000), Rusche e Kirchheimer (2004) and Goffman (2013). / A presente pesquisa tem como tema a Educação no Sistema Prisional como fator de Reabilitação Social do Aprisionado. Ademais, traz à atenção um panorama da história das prisões desde seu nascimento até os dias de hoje. A metodologia da pesquisa constitui-se em um estudo de caso na Penitenciária Industrial de Cascavel (PIC), apontando que, apesar das contradições e seus vieses quanto à educação escolar nas prisões, não restam dúvidas de que a educação constitui-se num importante fator contributivo para a reabilitação social do homem aprisionado, portanto, acreditamos que a educação nas prisões seja um fundamental fator de reintegração social e fomento à diminuição da reincidência criminal, logo, é um ato de imprescindível contribuição na política de segurança pública, de redução da criminalidade e aumento da segurança social. Apresentamos, ainda, a situação escolar dos aprisionados que cumpriram e cumprem pena na Penitenciária Industrial de Cascavel (PIC), no período compreendido entre o 2012 a 2015, com vistas a demonstrar o nível educativo dos apenados ao chegarem na Unidade Prisional até atingirem o cumprimento da pena. Pretendemos com este estudo apontar para futuras pesquisas que possam melhor avaliar o nível de reincidência dos apenados que puderam estudar e ser preparados profissionalmente para um retorno à sociedade. Será um estudo que demandará uma investigação mais demorada e minuciosa em busca dos que, ao deixarem a Unidade Prisional, retornam para o convívio social um pouco mais instruídos e profissionalizados, tendo, assim, melhores condições de levar uma vida que atenda aos padrões de uma convivência harmônica com a sociedade e com suas próprias famílias. Acreditamos que se devolvermos o cidadão infrator à sociedade, um pouco mais humanizado, instruído e profissionalizado, suas chances de tornar ao crime podem ser menores. Esta pesquisa dialogou com os seguintes teóricos Altusser (1998), Baratta (2001), Beccaria (2001), Bitencourt (2011), Foucault (2012), Melossi e Pavarini (2010), Onofre (2007, 2011), Rousseau (2000), Rusche e Kirchheimer (2004) e Goffman (2013).