Dans le contexte général du début du XXe siècle, les petits délinquants font l’objet d’une grande attention de la part des instances régulatrices que sont la Police municipale de Paris et le Tribunal pour enfants et adolescents (TEA). La problématique qui s’intéresse aux effets de la crise sur la délinquance ne se limite pas au champ économique. Elle interroge également l’histoire sociale, politique, judiciaire et culturelle. En effet, la loi du 22 juillet 1912, créant les TEA, réorganise la répression de cette petite délinquance qui a ses quartiers, ses pratiques délictuelles propres. Du cœur de Paris à Saint-Denis, la délinquance juvénile agit de différentes façons. Dans ce territoire parisien se déploient toutes sortes de configurations qui conditionnent les petits larcins. La recherche interroge le rôle de tous les acteurs gravitant autour des mineurs de moins de 21 ans : policiers, juges, délégués à la liberté surveillée, parents, médecins, experts, criminologues, juristes. Cette interrogation prend place alors que s’établit un politique de protectrice des mineurs. Dans ce cadre, c’est avec plus ou moins d’efficacité et de moyens que la loi de 1912 est appliquée. L’ensemble de la recherche questionne ainsi le rôle de l’État dans l’intégration des mineurs délinquants à la République et à la société. / Within the overall framework of the beginning of the XXth century, young delinquents are the subject of great attention on the part of approved regulators such as the Municipal Police Department of Paris, the Court for Children and Adolescents. The issue that examines the crisis effects on delinquency is not only restricted to the economic field. It also questions social, political, legal and cultural history. Indeed, the Act of 22 July 1912 that creates the Courts for Children and Adolescents, reorganizes the repression of childhood delinquency which has its neighbourhoods and its own tort practices. From the heart of Paris to Saint Denis, juveline delinquency acts in different ways . In this Parisian area, all sorts of configurations are deployed which impact and influence petty theft. The research examines the role of every agent that gravitates around children under 21 years of age : policemen, judges, probation officers, parents, medical evaluators, criminologists, legal experts. This questioning arises while a protective childhood policy is taking place. In this context, the law of 1912 is applied with more or less effectiveness and means. The whole research raises the question of the government's role in integrating juvenile offenders into the Republic and society.

Saisir le projet pénal colonial et le dérouler dans sa mise en œuvre, depuis l’acte criminel ou délictuel jusqu’à la sanction, en passant par la poursuite et le jugement, tel est l’objet de cette recherche menée dans un territoire de l’Afrique occidentale française entre 1894 et 1945, le Dahomey. Le principe de séparation entre citoyen européen et sujet indigène sur lequel se construit le mécanisme judiciaire s’étend à tout le parcours pénal suivi par les Dahoméens, avec la perception d’une criminalité proprement indigène ou l’exécution différenciée de la sanction selon le statut du condamné. Mais ce processus répressif ségrégué reste peu réfléchi dans sa continuité. Alors que la justice indigène est de plus en plus investie par le gouvernement colonial, les extrémités de la chaîne pénale sont peu pensées en termes d’intégration à la société civile. Les polices et les prisons restent au service d’un ordre politique et économique évolutif. La police judiciaire et le fonctionnement carcéral sont donc largement laissés entre les mains des chefs locaux et des auxiliaires africains, ce qui conduit à aménager le régime répressif dans un système de « domination sans hégémonie ». La colonne vertébrale de ce système, la justice indigène, est quant à elle au cœur des critiques contre l’ordre colonial, mais elle est aussi le lieu où se renégocient les rapports de pouvoir et où s’exposent les conflits sociaux en situation coloniale. Le parcours pénal suivi par les Dahoméens au cours de la première partie du XXe siècle apparaît comme un reflet déformé, et même transformé d’un projet répressif dominé par le souci de maintien de l’ordre mais relativement informe. / Apprehending the criminal colonial project and placing it in its implementation, from the criminal act or tort to the sanction, throughout prosecution and trial, are the purposes of this research taking place in Dahomey, a French West African territory, between 1894 and 1945. The principle of discrimination between European citizens and Natives on which is built the judicial mechanism extends all along the criminal path, with the perception of a specifically native criminality or the differentiated execution of the penalty according to the convict status. However, this repressive segregated process is not fully considered in its continuity. Whereas native justice is increasingly taken hold of by the colonial government, both ends of the repressive system are not thought of in terms of integration into civil society. The Police and prisons depend on an evolutionary political and economic order. The criminal police and the prison operations are largely left in the hands of local leaders and African auxiliaries, which leads to adjusting the repressive regime into a system of “domination without hegemony”. The backbone of the native justice is at the heart of criticisms against the colonial order, but it is also the place where power relationships are renegotiated and where social conflicts related to the colonial situation are exposed. The criminal path followed by the natives of Dahomey during the first half of the twentieth century appears as the distorted or transformed reflection of a repressive project which is rather formless and dominated by the desire to maintain order.

M.Cur. (Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing) / The objective of this research is to explore and describe how the white-collar criminal experiences being admitted to prison. In a country like South Africa, where the crime rate is of the highest in the world and where a new democratic era has also begun where the prisoner is entitled to more humane treatment, the Department of Correctional Service faces considerable criticism from time to time, whilst being exposed to increasing demands. The white-collar criminal experiences problems integrating successfully in the prison community, with the result that such integration and the accompanying deprivation give rise to mental health problems. A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive, contextual research study has been undertaken to describe how. the white-collar criminal experiences being admitted to prison. Five whitecollar criminals, who. met all the set criteria, were included in the study by means of purposive convenience sampling. . In-depth exploration into the experience of the white-collar criminal was done by utilising the phenomenological method of interviewing for the collection of data. The researcher put a central question to the respondents, viz.: "How do you experience your admission to prison?" Data were analysed by means of descriptive analysis as described by Tesch. Anindependent coder was used to code and analyse the data. Consensus discussions between the researcher and the coder were held on the results. Obstacles and facilitative aspects were identified, which influence the white-collar criminal's ability to integrate in the prison community as part of the facilitation of the promotion, maintenance and restoration of mental health as an integral part of health...

Magister Artium - MA / People outside of prison tend to imagine sex in prison as violent gang attacks on defenceless individuals, but in actual fact, sex in prison is more complicated than the isolated gang rapes that take place. For the purpose of this study, the researcher followed the qualitative research approach from a constructivist perspective to understand how participants portrayed or constructed their experiences of victimization and/or perceprion of rape. / South Africa

I have read many articles and seen many stories about Robben Island. What I find lacking in these articles and stories is the role played by the church in relation to ministry to political prisoners. Given my own experience as a political prisoner on Robben Island, I am of the view that this subject should be explored and told. As implied in the title, this study will focus on the period covering three decades (1960- 1970, 1971-1980 and 1981-1990). These periods will be considered separately and collectively. Background A brief background information about Robben Island as a maximum security prison will be provided here. Furthermore, the categories and affiliations of political prisoners are explained. Lastly, detail relating to existence of different religions is discussed. Problem Statement The role played by the church in ministry to political prisoners on Robben Island between 1960 and 1990. Methodology This study makes use of oral history by way of interviews and other sources such as questionnaires, records, etc. to generate data from, among, others: 1. Political prisoners incarcerated during the period stated above. 2. Chaplain(s) who served during this period. 3. Prison Official(s) who served during this period Archived material relating to ministry to political prisoners covering this period will be inspected. Findings In the introduction of his book The Changing Shape of Church History, Justo L. González (2002:1) starts by asking the question: "where is the cutting edge of church history?" My expectation is that the findings of this study, as they are stated here, would illustrate the cutting edge of the church history on Robben Island. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2016. / Church History and Church Policy / MA / Unrestricted

The thesis focuses on contrastive analysis of Soviet prison and labour camp literature published in anthology Jen jeden osud. The Czech version of this compilation was translated in 2009. The main task is to explore the adequacy of employed methods and approaches in translation. The thesis consists of two parts. The first part is focused on detailed analysis of original anthology and its translation to Czech. It explores types of memoirs containing the Russian anthology Доднесь тяготеет (Dodnes tyagoteyet (2004)), its variability of literary genres and its time radius. Then it analyses, how these criteria are reflected in the Czech version of anthology. The second part is focused on contrastive analysis of two selected memoirs from Yekaterina Olitskaya На Колыме (Na Kolyme) and Yuriy Fidelgolts Беспредел (Bespredel). Analysis focuses mainly on different category of prisoners, i.e. division on political and criminal prisoners and different classes of criminal prisoners. The important part was dedicated to the analysis of the author's style and its reflection into the target language.

Utgångspunkten i studien är att den kriminalpolitiska debatten präglades av samhällsmedborgarna och att få hade pratat med de som jobbade med verkställande av straff. Syftet blev att undersöka hur kriminalvårdsanställda såg på längre fängelsestraff samt om deras inställning skiljde sig från allmänhetens. Vidare var syftet att undersöka vilka följder kriminalvårdare ansåg att längre fängelsestraff kunde få och om kriminalvårdares syn på straff hade förändrats i och med arbetet inom kriminalvården. Det empiriska materialet inhämtades genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med fem anställda inom kriminalvården. Materialet analyserades sedan genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultatet visade att allmänhetens och kriminalvårdarnas syn skiljdes åt bland annat genom inhämtning av kunskap om brott och inställningen till längre fängelsestraff. Slutsatsen blev att kriminalvården ansåg att längre fängelsestraff inte var den rätta vägen att gå, längden på straffet var inte det mest väsentliga, det var innehållet i straffet som var av högsta vikt. / We considered that those who were part of the criminal policy debate were characterized by citizens and no one had talked to those who are most central to it, thus those who work with these clients every day. Therefore, the purpose was to investigate how prison officers view punishment and whether their attitude differed from the public view. Furthermore, the purpose was to investigate what consequences prison officers consider that longer prison sentences could have and whether prison officers' views on punishment had changed with the work in the prison service. The empirical material was obtained through semi-structured interviews with five employees in the prison service. The material was then analyzed by qualitative content analysis. The results showed that the views of the public and the prison services were differentiated, among other things by acquiring knowledge about crime and the attitude to longer prison sentences. The conclusion was that the prison service considered that longer prison sentences were not the right way to go, the length of the sentence was not the most important, it was the content of the sentence that was the most important.

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Denna studie utforskar återanpassningsprocessen och upplevelsen av stämpling bland före detta fängelsedömda individer i Sverige, med fokus på hur dessa erfarenheter påverkar deras återinträde i samhället. Genom kvalitativ analys av intervjuer från podcasten ”Utanför Murarna”, som innehåller intervjuer med före detta fängelsedömda, visar studien hur stämplingsteorin tar sig uttryck i deras vardagsliv. Studien belyser svårigheterna med att hitta boende och arbete som före detta fängelsedömd, samtidigt som den tar upp den dubbla stämpling som är relaterad till diagnoser som adhd och utmaningar som fängelsedömda mammor möter. Metodologiskt bygger studien på kvalitativ innehållsanalys av transkriberade podcastintervjuer, där fokus ligger på återanpassningsstrategier och påverkan av samhällelig stämpling. Resultaten pekar på strategier som ärlighet och undvikande, samt betydelsen av stöd från familj, vänner och rehabiliteringsprogram. Studien understryker behovet av en mer inkluderande och förstående samhällssyn gentemot före detta fängelsedömda för att understödja en effektiv återanpassning. Slutsatserna betonar vikten av att riktade stödinsatser och individanpassade program tillämpas för att adressera de specifika behov och utmaningar som före detta fängelsedömda individer möter. / This study explores the reintegration challenges that former prison inmates in Sweden face, especially caused by societal labeling through the lens of labeling theory. Using qualitative analysis, this study explores podcast interviews with former prison inmates, revealing their perceptions and experiences of reintegration. Previous research highlights the difficulties of finding housing and employment as an ex-convict, while addressing the double stigmatization as a consequence of labeling for diagnoses such as adhd and challenges faced by formerly incarcerated mothers. Accordingly, the findings of this study highlight the complexities of societal reentry, where former prison inmates struggle with societal labeling, employment, and housing issues. Strategies used by former prison inmates, such as honesty, avoidance, and earning their place in society, are examined. Additionally, the positive influence of support systems like family, housing assistance, and rehabilitation programs is highlighted. The study contributes to understanding the reintegration process, suggesting implications for policy development and interventions in criminal justice and social services. The findings also indicate areas for further research, particularly around societal labeling and effective reintegration practices.