When working from the systems psychodynamic stance, consultants experience that they become part of the group dynamics through projection, projective identification, transference and counter-transference. This research was undertaken to explore the impact on consultants doing systems psychodynamic consultation in their own formal system within a large financial institution in South Africa. Findings were that primary (race, gender and age), and secondary (social identity, language and skills, or level of expertise in this consulting stance) diversity factors strongly impact on them. Consultants play a strong containment role. Consultants experienced the effect at all levels of their lives, including intellectual (struggling to function and think clearly), physical (insomnia, eating disorders, usual exercise not helping), emotional (crying and anger) and social (their work not being understood by friends and family, growing apart from loved ones). For all of them the positive spin-off was the personal growth on the journey that they embarked on. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M. Comm. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

[pt] Inserida no campo contemporâneo da intersubjetividade, esta dissertação transita entre a metapsicologia e a técnica à procura de constructos e articulações que facilitem a comunicação com o paciente. Com este objetivo, percorre, em Freud, o afeto e a comunicação entre inconscientes; em Klein e Bion, a identificação projetiva e o processo de formação de símbolos; com Heimann e Money-Kyrle, a contratransferência; em Ferro, o conceito de campo; e de Ogden, a posição autista-contígua, a matriz da transferência, interpretação em ação e o terceiro analítico. / [en] From the contemporary context of intersubjectivity comes this research for concepts and articulations that facilitate the communication between analyst and patient. Among metapsychology and clinical technique, it focuses the affect and the direct communication between unconscious in Freud, the projective identification and the symbol formation process in Klein and Bion, the countertransference with Heimann and Money-Kyrle, the concept of analytic field in Ferro, and the autistic-contiguous position, the matrix of transference, interpretation in action and the analytic third from Ogden.

Inledning: Behovet av traumabehandling till flyktingar har ökat. Psykoterapeuten blir vittne till berättelser som handlar om lidande, rädsla och smärta. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur psykoterapeuter upplever sitt arbete med behandling av krigs- och tortyrskadade flyktingar. Frågeställningar: 1. Hur upplever psykoterapeuter arbetet med krigs- och tortyrskadade flyktingar? 2. Använder sig psykoterapeuter av bemästringsstrategier för att hantera sina upplevelser i arbetet med krigs- och tortyrskadade flyktingar? Om så är fallet, vilka? Metod: Kvalitativ metod med fenomenologisk, deskriptiv ansats valdes. Fem psykoterapeuter som arbetar med krigs- och tortyrskadade flyktingar intervjuades. Resultat: Studiens resultat har en manifest del och en latent del. ”Att pendla mellan vanmakt och skapande förändring” är ett tema som representerar det underliggande, latenta budskapet, d.v.s. det som sägs ”mellan raderna” och representerar den röda tråd som finns i samtliga intervjuer. Det manifesta resultatet visar att terapeuterna upplever sitt arbete som ett privilegium och som betungande. Terapeuterna använder medvetna bemästringsstrategier för att hantera känslomässig stress. Diskussion: Terapeuternas beskrivning av sitt arbete med krigs- och tortyrskadade stämmer väl överens med tidigare forskning. Terapeuternas upplevelse av sitt arbete kan förstås genom begreppen motöverföring, projektiv identifikation, vikarierande traumatisering, sekundär traumatisk stress och posttraumatic growth. / Introduction: The need for trauma treatment for refugees has increased. The psychotherapist testifies to stories that concern suffering, fear and pain. The purpose of this study is to investigate how psychotherapists experience their work in dealing with war and torture injured refugees. Research questions: How do psychotherapists experience the work of war and torture injured refugees? Are psychotherapists using coping strategies to handle their experiences in the work of war and torture-injured refugees? If so, which? Method: Qualitative method with phenomenological, descriptive approach was chosen. Five psychotherapists working with war and torture injured refugees were interviewed. Results: ”Oscillating between powerlessness and creative change" is a theme that represents the underlying latent message, what is said "between the lines" and represents the red thread found in all the interviews. The manifest results show that the therapists experience their work as a privilege and as burdensome. The therapists use conscious coping strategies to deal with emotional stress. Discussion: The therapists' description of their work on war and torture injured is in line with previous research. Therapists' experience of their work can be understood by the concepts of transference, projective identification, vicarious traumatization, secondary traumatic stress and posttraumatic growth.

Cette recherche s’attache à saisir les logiques inconscientes qui président au besoin de mentir. Elle s’intéresse au type de vulnérabilité psychique que le sujet contre-investit ainsi qu’à la nature de la communication inconsciente qu’il instaure avec ceux qu’il trompe. Après avoir recensé les différentes approches métapsychologiques existantes, les fonctions psychiques du mensonge sont explorées en regard de son rôle au cours du développement de l’enfant. Ensuite, l’examen de cas d’adultes rencontrés dans un dispositif d’accueil pour personnes en errance permet d’expliquer comment les sujets se défendent d’un vécu d’empiètement et le font vivre à ceux qu’ils trompent. Enfin, des exemples d’adolescents, observés dans le contexte de la protection de l’enfance contribuent à l’analyse des dynamiques intersubjectives impulsées par cet acte-parlé. L’ensemble de cette thèse démontre que malgré la difficulté que cette configuration clinique pose à l’observation, sa prise en compte permet de saisir la manière avec laquelle le sujet exprime une souffrance autrement indicible. / This research tries to understand the unconscious logics that preside over the need to lie. It analyses the type of psychological vulnerability a subject counter-invests as well as the origin of the unconscious communication he establishes with those he misleads. After having drawn up an inventory of the existing metapsychological approaches, the author examines the psychological functions of lying by taking into account its role during the development of the child. Then the examination of some adult cases that occurred in a homeless resource center will explain how, some subjects protect themselves from a harassment victim background and have others live the same experience with their lies. Finally, the author examines how cases of teenagers observed within the framework of childhood protection contribute to the analysis of the intersubjective dynamics impulsed by this acte-parlé. This work demonstrates that even though this clinical configuration is difficult to observe, if the psychologist would take it into account, it could help him understand how a patient expresses a pain that he could not tell by other means.

[pt] Esta tese visa a contribuir para a discussão sobre a clínica dos chamados casos-limite a partir de uma investigação sobre os elementos intersubjetivos que constituem os primórdios do psiquismo. O fio condutor consiste na experiência paradoxal de unidade dual, característica dos momentos iniciais de relacionabilidade, e que constitui, também, um ponto de partida para o trabalho analítico com pacientes muito regredidos. Para este fim, esta pesquisa será dividida em dois eixos temáticos. O primeiro eixo, composto pelos dois primeiros capítulos, consiste em uma investigação sobre os primórdios do psiquismo em condições suficientemente boas e, em seguida, sobre as falhas ambientais e suas vicissitudes para a etiologia dos casos-limite. O segundo eixo refere-se a uma discussão sobre a clínica dos casos-limite. Considera-se, inicialmente, uma articulação entre os principais elementos da experiência intersubjetiva precoce e o conceito de contratransferência. Em seguida, propõe-se o trabalho analítico com os chamados casos difíceis a partir de um Modelo Transformacional. Este ocorre no âmbito de uma ótica de campo, na qual os elementos psíquicos não simbolizados possam ser acolhidos, metabolizados e transformados dentro da díade analista/analisando, considerada como uma das vias do campo. / [en] This thesis aims to contribute to the discussion on the clinic of so-called borderline cases from an investigation into the intersubjective elements that constitute the beginnings of the psyche. The conductive thread consists of the paradoxical experience of dual unit, characteristic of the initial moments of relationability, and which also constitutes a starting point for analytical work with very regressed patients. To this end, this research will be divided into two thematic axes. The first axis, composed of the first two chapters, consists of an investigation into the beginnings of the psyche in sufficiently good conditions and then on environmental failures and their vicissitudes for the etiology of limit cases. The second axis refers to a discussion on the clinic of limit cases. Initially, an articulation of the main elements of early intersubjective experience with the concept of countertransference is considered. Then, the analytical work is proposed with the so-called difficult cases from a Transformational Model. This occurs within the scope of a field optician in which the non-symbolized psychic elements can be welcomed, metabolized and transformed within the analyst/analyzing dyade, considered as one of the pathways of this field.

The problem statement of this research is, "What is the· basis of the intergroup relations that potentially lead to ineffective work behaviour, and how does it manifest in groups within a specific consulting organisation, in terms of the premises of the Tavistock model of group relations?" The psychodynamic approach, psychoanalytic technique, open systems theory and object relations theory were used. The unstructured interview and hermeneutic approach were used for collection of data, and analysis and interpretation. The results of the research indicate that groups, in interaction with other groups, may install defences against anxieties which could undermine the success of their work efforts .. Issues of ' . ' nonclarity of task, group boundary and identity issues, authority issues and reactions of projection seemed prevalent. Various hypotheses were developed which could be used as a basis for further research. / Industrial and Organisation Psychology / M.A. (Industrial Psychology)

The problem statement of this research is, "What is the· basis of the intergroup relations that potentially lead to ineffective work behaviour, and how does it manifest in groups within a specific consulting organisation, in terms of the premises of the Tavistock model of group relations?" The psychodynamic approach, psychoanalytic technique, open systems theory and object relations theory were used. The unstructured interview and hermeneutic approach were used for collection of data, and analysis and interpretation. The results of the research indicate that groups, in interaction with other groups, may install defences against anxieties which could undermine the success of their work efforts .. Issues of ' . ' nonclarity of task, group boundary and identity issues, authority issues and reactions of projection seemed prevalent. Various hypotheses were developed which could be used as a basis for further research. / Industrial and Organisation Psychology / M.A. (Industrial Psychology)