Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Human-looking computer interfaces, including humanoid robots and animated humans, may elicit in their users eerie feelings. This effect, often called the uncanny valley, emphasizes our heightened ability to distinguish between the human and merely humanlike using both perceptual and cognitive approaches. Although reactions to uncanny characters are captured more accurately with emotional descriptors (e.g., eerie and creepy) than with cognitive descriptors (e.g., strange), and although previous studies suggest the psychological processes underlying the uncanny valley are more perceptual and emotional than cognitive, the deep roots of the concept of humanness imply the application of category boundaries and cognitive dissonance in distinguishing among robots, androids, and humans. First, laddering interviews (N = 30) revealed firm boundaries among participants’ concepts of animated, robotic, and human. Participants associated human traits like soul, imperfect, or intended exclusively with humans, and they simultaneously devalued the autonomous accomplishments of robots (e.g., simple task, limited ability, or controlled). Jerky movement and humanlike appearance were associated with robots, even though the presented robotic stimuli were humanlike. The facial expressions perceived in robots as improper were perceived in animated characters as mismatched. Second, association model testing indicated that the independent evaluation based on the developed indices is a viable quantitative technique for the laddering interview. Third, from the interviews several candidate items for the eeriness index were validated in a large representative survey (N = 1,311). The improved eeriness index is nearly orthogonal to perceived humanness (r = .04). The improved indices facilitate plotting relations among rated characters of varying human likeness, enhancing perspectives on humanlike robot design and animation creation.

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo examinar las propiedades psicométricas de la Conflict Tactic Scales. La muestra constó de 301 estudiantes (158 varones y 143 mujeres) entre18-31 años. Como resultado del Análisis Factorial Exploratorio (AFE) se obtuvieron 3 factores en cada escala (Agresor: Daños, Agresión Psicológica y Física y Negociación; Víctima: Agresión Sexual y Daños, Agresión psicológica y Negociación). La variable de violencia contra la mujer, empleada para la validez convergente, presentó correlaciones significativas con ambas escalas: Agresor (rw= .79) y Víctima (rw= .77). Así mismo, los valores del coeficiente Omega confirmaron la confiabilidad de estas (ω =.93 para ambas escalas). En conclusión, la CTS-2 presenta adecuadas propiedades psicométricas en la muestra estudiada, empero, se requieren mayores estudios a fin de confirmar la estructura encontrada. / The present research aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Conflict Tactic Scales. The sample consisted of 301 University students (158 men and 143 women) between 18-31 years old. As a result of the Exploratory Factor Analysis, 3 factors were obtained on each scale (Aggressor: Damages, Psychological and Physical Aggression and Negotiation; Victim: Sexual Assault and Injuries, Psychological Aggression and Negotiation). The convergent variable of violence against women presented significant correlations with both scales: Aggressor (rw = .79) and Victim (rw = .77). Likewise, the Omega coefficient values ​​confirmed their reliability (ω =.93 for both scales). In conclusion, the CTS-2 presents adequate psychometric properties in the sample studied, however, further studies are required in order to confirm the structure found. / Tesis

Background: Due to the deficit of knowledge on fine motor skill far transfer from one domain of expertise to another, piano performance and surgical training serve as a relevant, interdisciplinary context in which to study the transfer of motor skills given both have relatively well-established levels of performance and require complex fine motor skills. Musicians tend to demonstrate greater ease in all aspects of procedural knowledge which are known to contribute to the early stages of motor learning. Previous research in the Piano Pedagogy Research Laboratory (PPRL) found that extensive piano training was correlated with faster learning of surgical knot-tying skills. However, the short-term two-day timeline was a limitation of the study. Objective: Our project has built on previous work in the PPRL to address the short-term nature of previous studies by measuring a long-term performance curve as well as retention of surgical training and also expanded on the previous project by focussing this time on laparoscopic tasks. This study compared performance curves of two participant groups (pianists and controls) over five consecutive days and retention one week later, as measured by speed and accuracy of task completion. Laparoscopic training consisted of six tasks repeated at every session. Since laparoscopy involves a variety of abilities concurrently, we also administered a battery of ten psychometric tests to isolate and measure specific aspects of non-motor and fine motor skills. Results: There was no statistical difference between participant groups on the majority of laparoscopic training and psychomotor assessments based on two-way mixed ANOVA and Mann-Whitney U test analysis, respectively. There were also little to no significant correlations between abilities and laparoscopic performance. The only significant confounding variable was that the control group was significantly more interested in surgery than the musician group (p = .037). Conclusion: Overall, these results demonstrate that piano performance training did not far transfer to laparoscopic surgery. This is relevant to the debate on far transfer of motor skills given this study’s robust design which addressed previous shortcomings by including a longer timeline and more specifications of musicians’ characteristics. Our findings indicate that fine motor skills are domain specific to music and surgery, respectively.

La victimisation secondaire survient lorsque les victimes d’actes criminels subissent une première blessure par le crime et une seconde par les acteurs du système de justice pénale. Cependant, les recherches empiriques actuelles ne sont pas concluantes quant à l’impact du système de justice pénale sur les victimes. À cet effet, l’absence d’instrument standardisé pour mesurer la victimisation secondaire donne lieu à une opérationnalisation différente de ce construit d’une étude à l’autre, ce qui rend difficile la comparaison des études sur le sujet entre elles. Dans cette recherche, une tentative de standardisation de ce construit a été entreprise, afin de fournir une meilleure compréhension de la victimisation secondaire et de ses effets. Nous avons ainsi créé l’Institutional Betrayal Questionnaire in the Criminal Justice System (IBQ-CJS), un questionnaire que nous avons adapté et traduit en français à partir du Institutional Betrayal Questionnaire (IBQ) de Smith et Freyd (2013, 2017). L’IBQ-CJS a été employé auprès de 26 victimes (N = 26) impliquées dans des poursuites judiciaires et dont la cause avait été ou était présentement entendue devant une cour criminelle du Québec pour mesurer la victimisation secondaire. L’analyse des propriétés psychométriques de l’IBQ-CJS montre une bonne consistance interne (α = 0,82), alors que la validité de construit de l’instrument n’a pu être démontrée. L’IBQ-CJS a ensuite été employé pour explorer les facteurs de risque et les conséquences potentiellement associés à la victimisation secondaire, ce qui s’est avéré infructueux lors des analyses bivariées. Les limites et les avantages de cette étude, ainsi que les implications qui en découle pour de futures recherches, seront finalement soulignés. / Secondary victimisation occurs when crime victims are firstly harmed by the crime and suffer a second injury or an additional harm afterwards by the authorities of the criminal justice system. However, empirical studies conducted so far on the impact of the criminal justice system on victims are inconclusive. On this matter, the lack of a standardized measure for secondary victimisation has generated different operationalizations of this construct across studies, making it difficult to arrive to any generalizable conclusions regarding the results of past research. This study attempts to standardize this construct to give a better understanding of secondary victimisation and its effects. We created the Institutional Betrayal Questionnaire in the Criminal Justice System (IBQ-CJS), a questionnaire that we adapted and translated in French based on the Institutional Betrayal Questionnaire (IBQ) by Smith and Freyd (2013, 2017). The IBQ-CJS was employed among 26 victims (N = 26) who were involved in legal proceedings and whose causes were currently or had been heard in a criminal court of the province of Quebec to assess secondary victimisation. The analysis of the psychometric properties of the IBQ-CJS shows a high internal consistency (α = 0,82), although the construct validity of this instrument was inconclusive. The IBQ-CJS was secondly used to explore risk factors and consequences that might be linked to secondary victimisation, which also proved to be inconclusive using bivariate analysis. The limitations and the benefits of this study, as well as the implications it holds for future research, will finally be emphasized.

INTRODUCTION: Despite evidence showing that tinnitus can have a detrimental impact on significant others (SOs), no standardized self-reported measure is currently available that specifically assesses the presence of third-party disability for tinnitus. The aim of this study was to develop and assess the psychometric properties of a newly developed self-reported measure for SOs of tinnitus and assess how scores could be meaningfully interpreted. METHODS: The research consisted of two phases. During Phase I, the Consequences of Tinnitus on Significant Others Questionnaire (CTSOQ) was developed using the The COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) guidance. Phase II included the assessment of psychometric properties of the CTSOQ including the construct validity, internal consistency, interpretability, and responsiveness. Pairs of 194 individuals with tinnitus and their SOs completed a series of online questionnaires. SOs completed the CTSOQ measure while individuals with tinnitus completed measures related to tinnitus distress, anxiety, depression, insomnia, and quality of life. RESULTS: A 25 item CTSOQ was developed using a formative model. The questionnaire validation process indicated good psychometric properties with an internal consistency of 0.93 and inter-item correlation of 0.60. Support was found for the construct and discriminative validity of the measure. Floor and ceiling effects were negligible. Scores can be meaningfully interpreted to indicate mild, significant, or severe effect of tinnitus on SOs. The questionnaire was also found to be responsive to treatment-related changes. CONCLUSIONS: The CTSOQ was found to have sufficient measurement properties suggesting that it is a suitable measure of third-party disability for SOs of individuals with tinnitus. Further research should be initiated to measure face validity and what scores reflect clinically meaningful change.

[pt] Inteligência Emocional (IE) é um tema que vem ganhando cada vez mais espaço no mundo corporativo, sobretudo no que se refere a sua avaliação entre os profissionais que ocupam cargos de liderança. No entanto, atualmente não existem instrumentos devidamente validados para este contexto que, especificamente, avaliem a IE de líderes. Adicionalmente, considerando que tal grupo compõe uma amostra high-stake (i. e. amostras que naturalmente são mais voltadas a terem suas respostas contaminadas de forma a agradar o avaliador), surge a necessidade de um instrumento que possa ter um controle mais preciso do viés da desejabilidade social. Diante disso, o estudo objetivou construir e buscar evidências iniciais de validade da escala Avaliação da Inteligência Emocional de Líderes (AIEL), uma medida que pretende aferir quatro habilidades da inteligência emocional com base no método da escolha forçada. Foram realizados estudos para buscar evidências de validade de conteúdo e de estrutura interna mediante a utilização de índices de concordância dos itens, análise fatorial exploratória, análise fatorial confirmatória e análises com base na Teoria de Resposta ao Item Thurstonian (TRI-T). A versão final do instrumento foi respondida por uma amostra de 215 líderes. Após todas as análises realizadas, foram selecionados 36 itens (sociabilidade = 11, bem-estar = 6, autocontrole = 10 e emocionalidade = 9) com cargas fatoriais que variaram de 0,387 até 0,902 e um valor médio de 0,64. O modelo também apresentou um bom ajuste. A precisão dos escores fatoriais foi elevada em todos os fatores, variando de 0,97 a 0,98. Apesar de uma boa estrutura interna e possibilidade de uso em pesquisas científicas, cabe destacar algumas limitações da AIEL: a amostra utilizada foi pequena e existiu alta discrepância dos valores médios da desejabilidade social entre os itens dos blocos triplets. Sugere-se a criação de novos itens com maior balanceamento e em formato de quádruplas. Adicionalmente, faz-se necessária a aplicação em amostras maiores e mais diversas, possuindo respondentes com características demográficas distintas, para proceder estudos acerca de sua padronização. Sugere-se também a realização de estudos de validade baseados nas relações com medidas externas. Por fim, espera-se que o presente estudo contribua para o desenvolvimento de medidas de IE no formato de escolha forçada específicas para o contexto organizacional, contribuindo, assim, com o trabalho do(a) psicólogo(a) organizacional e com o avanço do campo brasileiro da psicologia organizacional e do trabalho, no que se refere à criação de mais instrumentos devidamente validados e próprios para esta área de atuação. / [en] Emotional Intelligence (EI) is a theme that is gaining more and more space in the corporate world, especially with regard to its evaluation among professionals who occupy leadership positions. However, there are currently no properly validated instruments for this context that specifically assess the EI of leaders. Additionally, considering that this group composes a high-stake sample (i.e. samples that are naturally more focused on having their responses contaminated in order to please the evaluator), the need for an instrument that can have a more precise control of the social desirability bias arises. Therefore, the study aimed to construct and seek initial evidence of validity of the Evaluation of Emotional Intelligence of Leaders (AIEL) scale, a measure that aims to assess four emotional intelligence skills based on the forced choice method. Studies were conducted to search for evidence of contente validity and internal structure through the use of item agreement indices, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and analyses based on the Thurstonian Item Response Theory (TRI-T). The final version of the instrument was answered by a sample of 215 leaders. After all the analyses performed, 36 items were selected (sociability = 11, well-being = 6, selfcontrol = 10 and emotionality = 9) with factor loadings ranging from 0.387 to 0.902 and an average value of 0.64. The model also presented a good fit. The accuracy of factorial scores was high in all factors, ranging from 0.97 to 0.98. Despite a good internal structure and possibility of use in scientific research, it is worth highlighting some limitations of the AIEL: the sample used was small and there was a high discrepancy of the mean values of social desirability among the items of the triplet blocks. It is suggested to create new items with greater balancing and in quadruple format. Additionally, it is necessary to apply it to larger and more diverse samples, with respondents with different demographic characteristics, to carry out studies about their standardization. It is also suggested to conduct validity studies based on relations with external measures. Finally, it is expected that the present study will contribute to the development of EI measures in the forced choice format specific to the organizational context, thus contributing to the work of the organizational psychologist and the advancement of the Brazilian field of organizational and work psychology, with regard to the creation of more properly validated and suitable instruments for this activity área

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