Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucijoje įtvirtinta teisė – teisė į asmens privataus gyvenimo neliečiamumą. Tačiau deja tenka pažymėti, jog nusikalstamumas yra socialinis reiškinys, kuris neišnyks tol, kol gyvuos visuomenė. Šiame darbe analizuojama gana aktuali šių dienų tema – pasaulis garbina saviraišką, suteikia jos vystymuisi ir reiškimuisi itin plačias ribas, kaip tokiame kasdien technologijų ir elgesio laisvės prasme tobulėjančiame pasaulyje yra saugomas asmens privatus gyvenimas. Darbe iškelta problema ar baudžiamasis įstatymas pakankamai išsamiai reglamentuoja ir efektyviai apsaugo asmenų privataus gyvenimo neliečiamumą ir kaip proporcingai reikėtų riboti šią asmens teisę. Taigi siekiant užsibrėžto darbo tikslo – išanalizuoti LR baudžiamuosius įstatymus asmens privataus gyvenimo neliečiamumo apsaugos klausimu, palyginant su kitų šalių šios teisės apsauga, nurodant problemas bei numatyti efektyvesnes apsaugos priemones, taip pat praktiškai iširti ir įvertinti didžiausius probleminius aspektus žmonių privataus gyvenimo neliečiamumo klausimus, darbe aiškinama privataus gyvenimo neliečiamumo sąvoka; analizuojama teisinė bazė asmens privataus gyvenimo neliečiamumo apsaugos klausimu; nurodomos probleminės baudžiamųjų įstatymų, reglamentuojančių asmens privatų gyvenimą, vietos; detaliai ir išsamiai analizuojami privataus gyvenimo ribojimo atvejai. Taip pat darbe pateikiamos rekomendacijos ir pasiūlymai kaip galima tobulinti tam tikras teisės aktų vietas, kad liktų kuo mažiau... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / There is human right to private life inviolability consolidated in the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania. Human‘s private life is sacred. Unfortunately criminality is concurent of society. The The nadion has to protect human rights, to punish criminals justly and reduce criminality as much as possible. There is analysed very relevant topic of nowadays in this work. The world adores self-expression, gives to it‘s growth and expression especially comprehensive limits and how is protected human‘s private life in such technological and freedom behaviour improving world. It is broached a problem in this work – does the criminal statute adequately properly regulates and effectively protects human‘s private life and how proportionally restrict this human‘s right. The work‘s purpose is to analyse criminal statutes about human private life inviolability of the Republic of Lithuania, to compare them with foreign countries this right defence, to indicate the problems and provide for more effective devices of defence, practically explore and assess the most often problems of human‘s privat life. So that to reach the purpose, there is explained human‘s privat life inviolability‘s conseption, analysed juridical base of private life defence, indicated problematical mases of criminal statutes, particularly and properly analysed the rectrictions of human‘s privat life. Also there are produced conclusions and recommendations how could we improve some statutes. There was done the test... [to full text]

Som världens snabbast växande ekonomi står Kina idag inför en rad utmaningar, framförallt att lyckas förena ekonomisk tillväxt med hållbar utveckling. Samtidigt som miljontals människor har lyfts ur extrem fattigdom genom Kinas offensiva tillväxtpolitik har också miljön utsatts för stora påfrestningar till följd av den explosionsartade industrialiseringen som påbörjades för drygt tre decennier sedan. Länge överskuggade ekonomisk tillväxt alla andra intressen. Först på senare år har politiken i Kina svängt; statsmakten har i allt större utsträckning insett miljöproblemens allvar och företagit en rad viktiga juridiska reformer, till exempel genom införandet av Tort Law (2010) och grupptaleinstrumentet environmental public interest litigation (EPIL). Ett sätt att angripa Kinas växande miljöproblem är att främja civilsamhällets möjligheter att föra talan i domstol: där myndigheter brister, kan civilsamhället gripa in och kompensera för bristande tillsyn. För att gå till botten med Kinas miljöproblem måste dock den offentligrättsliga kontrollen bli starkare, men sådana politiska beslut och institutionella förändringar sker sällan över en natt. Fram tills dess fyller därför civilsamhället en viktig roll. Uppsatsen övergripande syfte är således att utreda och komparera civilsamhällets möjligheter att utkräva miljöskadestånd i Kina och Sverige, samt presentera förslag de lege ferenda. Frågan är högaktuell och flera stora förändringar är att vänta på miljöskaderättens område i Kina inom kort.

Šiame darbe nagrinėjamas grupės ieškinio teisinis institutas kaip priemonė ginti viešuosius ir privačius interesus. Pirmoje dalyje siekiama atskleisti teisinio intereso sąvoką, viešojo ir privataus interesų sampratas, bei analizuojame galimybes šiuos interesus apginti pasitelkus grupės ieškinio institutą. Antrojoje dalyje nagrinėjame klasikinio ir kontinentinio grupės ieškinio instituto pagrindinius požymius bei apžvelgiame grupės ieškinio instituto ypatumus Lietuvos Respublikos civiliniame procese. Trečiojoje dalyje apžvelgiami pagrindiniai grupės ieškinio turinio reikalavimai, jo priėmimo sąlygos bei priimamo teismo sprendimo ypatumai. Magistro darbo tikslas pateikti mokslinį grupės ieškinio instituto vertinimą ginant pažeistus viešuosius ir privačius interesus. Daugelis užsienio šalių, savo įstatymuose įtvirtindamos grupės ieškinio institutą, visada jį lygina su Jungtinėse Amerikos Valstijose egzistuojančiu modeliu, todėl darbe daugiausia remsimės šios šalies civilinio proceso įstatymais. Nagrinėdami teisės literatūrą sutiksime teisės mokslininkų poziciją, kad grupės ieškiniai Europoje neegzistuoja, nes, anot jų, grupės ieškiniais vadintini tik tokie ieškiniai, kuriuose reikalavimus reiškia grupės nariai. Magistro darbe analizuosime šią nuomonę. Grupės ieškinio paplitimui Europos šalyse didžiausią įtaką padarė viešojo intereso bei kolektyvinių vartotojų interesų gynimo paieška. Todėl išsamiau panagrinėsime pačią teisinio intereso sąvoką, viešojo ir... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Legal institute of group action, as a measure of protecting public and private interests, is tackled in this work. The first part includes the explanation of legal interest, the concepts of public and private interests, as well as the analysis of possibilities of protection of these interests, using the institute of group action. The second part explains the main features of classic and continental institute of group action, as well as the peculiarities of the institute of group action in the Lawsuit of the Republic of Lithuania. The third part comprises of the main content requirements to the group action, the conditions of its acceptation and the peculiarities of awarded judgment. The goal of this Master’s Thesis – to present scientific evaluation of the institute of group action, while protecting violated public and private interests. Various foreign countries consolidating the institute of group action in their Law, compare it to the model existing in the United States of America, therefore our thesis will mainly be based on the Lawsuit of the United States of America. While tackling the legal literature, we will meet the position of legal scientists, claiming the group action do not exist in Europe, as group actions may only be called the claims when the claims are represented by the group members. We will analyze this opinion in our Master’s Thesis. The search for protection of public interest and collective interests of the users had a major... [to full text]

Magistro baigiamajame darbe analizuojamas viešojo intereso gynimas valstybiniame valdyme, sistema, būklė ir problematika Lietuvoje, aptariamos konkrečios problemos, kylančios iš tokių santykių, teisinės ir praktinės aktualijos. Darbo pradžioje analizuojama viešojo intereso sąvoka ir samprata, trumpai aptariama pati socialinių mokslų kategorija „interesas“ ir kaip ji suprantama teisės doktrinoje, interesų klasifikacija ir jos reikšmė. Toliau kalbama apie pačią viešojo intereso sąvoką, sąvokos interpretacijas ir projekcijas atskirose visuomeninių santykių srityse, teismų praktikoje bei teisės moksle. Analizuojama viešojo ir privataus intereso atskirtis ir šių interesų atribojimo kriterijai. Kitoje darbo dalyje analizuojama viešojo intereso gynimo sistema, t. y., subjektai, turintys įgalinimus ginti viešąjį interesą, jų kompetencija, teisės ir pareigos. Darbe aptariamas prokuratūros – kaip pagrindinės institucijos, atsakingos už viešojo intereso gynimą – dalyvavimas ginant viešąjį interesą valstybiniame valdyme tiek Lietuvoje, tiek ir lyginamuoju aspektu (pvz. Italijoje, Prancūzijoje, Ispanijoje, Belgijoje, Latvijoje ir kt. šalyse). Toliau darbe analizuojama valstybės ir savivaldybės institucijų bei kitų asmenų veikla ginant viešąjį interesą valstybiniame valdyme. Apžvelgiama mūsų darbui svarbi užsienio institucijų praktika šioje srityje, tokių kaip Skandinavijos šalyse veikiančios ombudsmenų ar kitų valstybinių institucijų veikla. Lietuvos mastu aptariama... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The Public interest is one of the most important things in democracy. In master thesis the situation of the defendant of Public interest in national ruling in Lithuania is analyzed, also about its system, about its conditions and problems in Lithuania. In the beginning of research, the system of the defendant of Public interest is analyzed. There is some dispute about the category of social science – “interest” – and how it understanding in doctrine of law, also the classification of interests. Further, we are taking about conceptions of Public interest, interpretations of notion in social relations and in judicial practice. Also, we are taking about the separations of those two interests: Private interest and Public interest. In the next part of master thesis, the system of defendant of Public interest is analyzed: subjects, its remit, its rights and duties. In the research are discussed about participation of public procurators in Lithuania and in others countries (like France, Spain, Italy, Latvia, Belgium etc.). Further, we are analyzing the remit of organs and institutions of government and municipalities in Lithuania and also in others countries, for examples, the functions of Ombudsmen in Sweden and in others countries. In the research we are taking about the basics problems in practice and in doctrine, also about legal norms. Comparative analysis of the Public interest in foreign states was submitted. In the next part of research the Public... [to full text]

The sub judice rule is a media law practice that is currently often in the spotlight. Editors and journalists are constantly furiously speaking out against this rule that limits their freedom of expression in an attempt to assure the accused's fair and proper trial. Practitioners of the law, on the other side, say the sub judice rule is indispensable to the proper administration of justice. The rule, which much prevents the media from interfering with a pending case, causes confusion under journalists, as it is not consistently applied. Judges often warn the media against the violation of the rule during a high profile case, but those who do break the rule are not charged with contempt of the court. The aim of this study is to determine how Beeld, the Afrikaans daily newspaper, applies the sub judice rule in his reporting. The way in which this leading paper handles the rule is of importance to other journalists as well as the readers. The origin, development and function of the rule are also examined. It was established that Beeld did not contravene the sub judice rule as unceremoniously as a few other newspapers. Beelds violations of the rule were different experts' nuanced interpretations thereof. These violations is more based on the perception that the court's independence and worthiness must be upheld in the public eye than on the rule's actual function to guard against the interfering in the due course of a case. / Thesis (M.A. (Communication Studies))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007

Nors lobizmas Lietuvoje buvo įtvirtintas 2001 metais, priėmus Lietuvos Respublikos Lobistinės veiklos įstatymą, iki šiol lietuvių teisinėje literatūroje nebuvo skiriama daug dėmesio lobizmo kaip instituto suderinamumui su Konstitucijos 59 straipsnio 4 dalyje įtvirtintu principu, jog Seimo nariai savo darbe turi vadovautis valstybės interesu. Lobizmas dažniausiai yra nagrinėjamas politikos mokslų kontekste kaip grupių interesų perdavimo priemonė. Teisinėje literatūroje yra straipsnių analizuojančių Lobistinės veiklos įstatymą, jo veikimą ar neveikimą bei kitus lobizmo įtvirtinimo aspektus. Visgi lobizmo ir konstitucinio principo, jog Seimo nariai savo darbe turi vadovautis valstybės interesu suderinamumo problema kyla tada, kai interesų grupės, pasitelkdamos lobistus, siekia savo siaurų interesų, kurie prieštarauja valstybės interesui, patenkinimo. Taigi priėmus lobizmą įteisinančius įstatymus (leidus privačioms interesų grupėms tiesiogiai daryti įtaką leidžiamajai valdžiai) kyla reali grėsmė, kad bus pažeistas Konstitucijoje įtvirtintas principas, jog įstatymų leidėjai turi vadovautis valstybės, o ne privačiais interesais. Šis baigiamasis darbas ir yra skiriamas ištirti šių dviejų institutų suderinamumą, jų reglamentavimą ir interpretavimą, nurodyti ryškiausius probleminius aspektus ir pateikti samprotavimus, kurie galėtų būti pagalbine medžiaga kitiems, susidomėjusiems šios problemos sprendimu. Tyrimo objektas – Lobistinė veikla, kuria pagal galiojančius teisės aktus... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / While lobbying in Lithuania was legitimised in 2001, after passing the Law on Lobbying Activities, up until this day legal scholars in Lithuania have not made any researches about compatibility of lobbying with the constitutional principle that legislators must act according to the state interests. Lobbying is usually examined in the context of political science as a vehicle for transmission of group interests. In legal literature some scholars analyse functionality of the Law on Lobbying Activities, but other problems of lobbying are not being analysed. This problem of compatibility lobbying and constitutional principle that legislators must act according to the state interests arise when interest groups, through lobbyists, try to satisfy their own selfish needs which are against state interests. So because the Law on Lobbying Activities was passed (private groups were allowed to influence government representatives) there is a real danger that constitutional principle which obliges legislators to act according to the state interests, not according to the private interest will be breached. This thesis is intended to investigate the compatibility of these two institutes, their regulation and to show some of the most problematic aspects which arises while trying to compare these two institutes. The object of this thesis is lobbying activities, which are in accordance with existing legislation and intended to affect the legislative decisions, and its compatibility with the... [to full text]

<p>This study explored the various forms public interest litigation takes in various legal systems, focusing on the practice in South Africa. An examination of the relevant legal regime in Ethiopia was made with a view to assessing its adequacy to cater for public interest actions and coming up with possible recommendations. Apart from the analysis of the adequacy of the legal framework, an attempt was made to identify other factors that may pose a challenge to the introduction of the system in Ethiopia.</p>

Thesis (M.A.)--Carleton University, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 148-155). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:33:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 947782 bytes, checksum: cb04497c0ca2c855a59cf7c7b128418a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This dissertation is an analysis of the Brazilian legislative process, with a case study: the formation of the new forest code. For this study, there is a theoretical issues, such as the definition of public interest, based on fundamental rights, that must co-exist, the theory of communicative action of Habermas and his vision of law and democracy; to elucidate how the law should be formed in accordance with the concept of public interest adopted, and a documental and literature review about the legislative process, to identify the arguments used in the legal debate for the construction of the new forest code. In particular, we divide into two groups, on one hand the ruralistas, who initially proposed the change, on other hand the ambientalistas, who initially refute the new law,requiring the current code. At the end of the dissertation was possible to obtain a picture of the legislative process, replacing if the new code are capable of reflecting the public interest. / Nesta dissertação é feita uma análise do procedimento legislativo brasileiro, com estudo de caso sobre a formação do provável novo código florestal. Para o referido estudo foram abordadas questões teóricas julgadas imprescindíveis para a solução dos problemas propostos, como a definição de interesse público, fundada em direitos e garantias fundamentais que devem co-existir, teoria da ação comunicativa de Habermas e sua visão do Direito e Democracia, para elucidar como o direito deve ser formado em acordo com o conceito de interesse público adotado, e uma análise bibliográfica e documental do procedimento legislativo, para identificação dos argumentos utilizados no debate legal para a construção do novo código florestal. Em específico, no debate legiferante, foi adotada a medida de selecionar os envolvidos em dois grupos, de um lado os ruralistas, que a princípio propõem a mudança, de outro os ambientalistas, que a princípio refutam o novel projeto de lei, requerendo a manutenção do atual código. Ao final da dissertação foi possível auferir se o procedimento legislativo produzirá uma norma de direito ambiental capaz de refletir interesse público.

Essa tese analisa o poder da telenovela ao dramatizar o tráfico de pessoas, um tema da esfera dos direitos humanos, portanto, de interesse público, que foi projetado na mídia durante a veiculação da novela Salve Jorge (exibida pela Rede Globo). A telenovela é geradora de visibilidade de temas sociais e a inclusão de tais temas nas tramas é reconhecida como merchandising social. O tráfico de pessoas, além de fazer parte da estória, circulou na pauta midiática brasileira no período entre 2013 e 2014 por intermédio de campanhas de sensibilização e de engajamento, tanto de cunho não governamental (Campanha do Coração Azul), como de caráter religioso, com o lançamento da Campanha da Fraternidade de 2014 pela Conferência Nacional dos Bispos do Brasil (CNBB), além de ter sido elemento central de políticas públicas com a cobertura do lançamento de planos de enfrentamento a esse crime no âmbito governamental. O estudo, assim, indaga como se efetiva a dramatização do Tráfico de Pessoas a partir de Salve Jorge, considerando a projeção de visibilidade e de debate do tema e seu papel na promoção da imagem da emissora. Para realizar esse percurso, utiliza-se como metodologia a pesquisa bibliográfica, a pesquisa documental e a Análise Crítica do Discurso (ACD) de Fairclough (2001), que apresenta a tridimensionalidade analítica de texto, das práticas discursivas e das práticas sociais, preocupando-se com as relações de poder no discurso e a análise do contexto, promovendo reflexões sobre a realidade social produzida. A abordagem teórica da tese privilegia os conceitos relacionados à comunicação e ao interesse público, à biopolítica e ao poder da telenovela na perspectiva de autores como Esteves, Foucault, Gomes, Wolton, Machado, Buonanno, Martín- Barbero, Lopes, Souza, Weber, Hamburguer, Porto, entre outros. Sob a ótica tridimensional, as categorias de dramatização e de repercussão do tráfico de pessoas são analisadas, tendo como elementos observados os espaços de circulação da telenovela Salve Jorge, as ações do Estado via políticas públicas, as campanhas sociais e religiosas de sensibilização e a visibilidade midiática dessas dimensões. O Tráfico de Pessoas é reificado pela emissora, assumindo um caráter de interesse público sob a ótica de Arendt (2001). A evidência do corpo e de sua regulação inerente ao crime reforça a dimensão de intervenção do Estado com suas políticas de enfrentamento ao tráfico humano, discutidas na biopolítica. Porém, é na dramatização que a eficácia de visibilidade ao combate à escravidão moderna se estabelece, reforçando a estratégia de merchandising social, própria do melodrama. O que se percebe é que há uma evidência do poder da dramaturgia ao tratar temas de interesse público e, da mesma forma em que o entretenimento debate o tráfico de pessoas, ele gera seu esquecimento ao encerrar sua exibição, tornando-se mercadoria da própria trama. / This thesis analyzes the power of the soap opera to dramatize human trafficking: theme of sphere of human rights issues - therefore, by the public interest - which was designed in the media during the broadcasting of the “Salve Jorge” soap opera (by Rede Globo). The soap opera generates visibility of social issues and the inclusion of theses issues in the plot is recognized as social merchandising. Human trafficking, as well as part of the melodrama of the plot, circulated in the Brazilian media agenda in 2013 and 2014 through awareness campaigns and engagement. It had worked in the non-governmental nature (Blue Heart Campaign), in religious field (Fraternity Campaign by the National Conference of Bishops of Brazil - 2014) and as central element of public policies with the media coverage of the launch of the containment plan for this crime in the government sphere. The study inquires how effetive is the dramatization of Human trafficking from Salve Jorge, considering the projection of visibility and the debate of theme and its role in the TV Globo's image promotion. This research used as methodology the bibliographical research, the documentary research and the Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) from Fairclough (2001) which presents the three-dimensional analytical of text - discursive practices and social practices. Through this perspective, there is a worry with the power relations in the discourse and the analysis of the context, promoting reflections on the social reality produced. The theoretical approach of the thesis focuses on the concepts related to communications and public interest, biopolitics and the power of the soap opera in concepts of Esteves, Foucault, Gomes, Wolton, Machado, Buonanno, Martín-Barbero, Lopes, Souza, Weber, Hamburguer, Porto, among others. By the three-dimensional perspective, the categories of drama and impact of human trafficking are analyzed. The observed elements are the circulation areas of the soap opera Salve Jorge, the State's actions, through public policies, social and religious awareness campaigns and media visibility. Human trafficking is reified by the TV channel, assuming the public interest from the perspective of Arendt (2001). The notification of the "body" and regulation inherent on crime reinforce the State's intervention dimension with the coping policies to human trafficking, discussed in biopolitics. However, it is in the dramatization that the effectiveness of the fight against modern slavery is established, reinforcing the social merchandising strategy, typical of this melodrama. There is evidence of the power of drama to address issues of public interest. At the same time that entertainment gives visibility to human trafficking it also generate the oblivion of the theme when the soap opera's transmition ends and human trafficking issue becomes the plot's commodity.