Paradoxale et anachronique, l’idée d’un « conceptualisme romantique » apparaît dès 1977 dans un article que Boris Groys consacre aux artistes moscovites imprégnés d’idéalisme russe. Réexaminée, dans les années 2000, par Jörg Heiser et Jan Verwoert, l’hypothèse critique est ensuite élargie à la scène conceptuelle internationale, où subsisteraient certains traits du premier romantisme allemand, comme l’écriture collective, la forme fragmentaire ou l’esprit du Witz. Contre la biographie, la subjectivité et l’expression, l’art conceptuel affiche pourtant, à la fin des années 1960, un anti-romantisme virulent. Défendant une pratique « émotionnellement neutre » où l’idée serait devenue « une machine à faire l’art », le mouvement se fait l’écho de l’antihumanisme des structuralistes et de leur mise à mort de l’auteur. Un existentialisme contrarié persiste pourtant chez certains artistes, continuant d’explorer les concepts de l’identité et de l’intersubjectivité, à l’ère des systèmes capitalistes et des réseaux cybernétiques. C’est à force d’explorations linguistiques que le sujet conceptuel se romantise, redécouvrant, par le biais des incohérences de la logique formelle, du mysticisme des pensées combinatoires et de l’ambiguïté de l’ironie, les bénéfices d’un « langage non gouverné ». / Paradoxical and anachronistic, the idea of a “romantic conceptualism” first appeared in 1977 in an article by Boris Groys dedicated to Muscovite artists imbued with Russian Idealism. Reexamined in the 2000s by Jörg Heiser and Jan Verwoert, the critical hypothesis was extended to take in the international Conceptual scene, where certain elements of the original German romanticism survived, such as collective writing, the fragmentary form or the Witz spirit. Against biography, subjectivity and expression, at the end of the 1960s Conceptual Art still showed itself to be virulently anti-Romantic. Defending an “emotionally dry” practice in which the idea would become “a machine that makes the art”, the movement echoed the Structuralists’ anti-Humanism as well as their putting to death of the author. Yet a frustrated existentialism persisted among certain artists who continued exploring the concepts of identity and intersubjectivity, in an epoch of capitalist systems and cybernetic networks. It is through linguistic explorations that the conceptual subject romanticises itself, rediscovering, through incoherencies in formal logic, the mysticism of combinational thoughts and from the ambiguity of irony, the benefits of a “non-governed language”.

[pt] A presente dissertação retoma os debates intelectuais e a circulação de ideias que marcaram a vida política e cultural do Brasil após a Independência em 1822, e que se deram no esteio da necessidade de construir um projeto formador da identidade nacional com vistas a garantir a consolidação da Nação e a consciência em seus habitantes de serem parte dela. Pautando as experiências brasileiras iniciais de pensar a Nação, quando esta ainda estava por formar-se, o romantismo teve no Brasil sua oportunidade histórica. Nesse sentido, buscamos investigar e debater, partindo do vínculo entre história e literatura, o projeto romântico-pedagógico da produção do poeta popular cearense Juvenal Galeno, sobretudo em sua obra mais significativa Lendas e Canções Populares, de 1865. Galeno percorreu litoral, serra e sertão cearenses, realizando pesquisas etnográficas e coletando dados em busca do volksgeist nacional. Servindo-se das manifestações da cultura popular (tradições, cantigas, linguagem, imagens, versos, lendas, festas, trabalho) e extraindo do seu cotidiano prosaico o que seria matéria de poesia, o bardo cearense produziu uma obra a partir do que chamo de operação literária, que, ao invés de consistir em mera cópia e registro folclórico da cultura popular, parte dela para, com o engenho da literatura, fazer germinar uma poesia popular cujo alcance compreenda a emancipação do povo da tutela dos que o exploram. A relação do poeta folclorista com as instituições e agremiações literárias que pululavam no Ceará na segunda metade do século XIX, tais como o Instituto Histórico, a Academia Cearense de Letras e a Padaria Espiritual, da qual foi padeiro-mor, tem especial destaque em nosso trabalho, uma vez que elucida a prática de seu engajamento em favor das letras e disseminação de novas ideias no Ceará provinciano. / [en] This dissertation takes up the intellectual debate and exchange of ideas that marked the political and cultural life of Brazil after independence in 1822, and which happened in the core of the need to build a project to form national identity in order to ensure the consolidation of the Nation and the consciousness of its inhabitants to be part of it. Basing initial Brazilian experiences of thinking nation, when it was yet to be formed, the romanticism in Brazil had a historic opportunity. In this sense, we investigate and discuss, based on the relationship between history and literature, the romantic and pedagogical production of the popular poet Juvenal Galeno (born in Ceará, northeast Brazil), especially in his most significant work Lendas e Canções Populares (Legends and Folk Songs), 1865. Galeno traveled through coast, mountain and backcountry of Ceará, conducting ethnographic research and collecting data in search of national Volksgeist. Using the manifestations of popular culture (traditions, songs, language, images, lines, legends, festivals, work) and extracting of their daily prosaic which would be matter of poetry, Juvenal Galeno produced a work from which we call literary operation which, rather than simply copying and recording folklore of popular culture, uses this concept to germinate a popular poetry whose range is the emancipation of the people from the tutelage of those who exploit them. The relation of the "folklorist" poet with literary institutions and associations that had existed in Ceará in the second half of the nineteenth century, such as the Institute of History, Academy of Ceará and Padaria Espiritual, which he was the chief baker, has a special focus, since it elucidates the practice of his engagement in favor of letters and dissemination of new ideas in Ceará provincial.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal analisar as posturas de Camilo Castelo Branco e Machado de Assis como leitores e como críticos do Romantismo que, de certa forma, colocaram em xeque a aplicação rígida das teorias e doutrinas vigentes para a crítica oitocentista como o naturalismo, o positivismo, o racionalismo e os ideais românticos. Realizamos este trabalho partindo do estudo das obras Coracão, Cabeça e Estômago, de Camilo Castelo Branco, e Memórias Póstumas de Brás Cubas, de Machado de Assis. Buscamos demonstrar aproximações e similaridades presentes nas duas obras, destacando textos críticos que apontaram tais semelhanças para apresentarmos algumas idéias que desenvolvemos ao longo da pesquisa. Como substrato teórico para o trabalho, utilizamos os livros Introdução ao estudo da novela camiliana, de Jacinto do Prado Coelho e Um mestre na periferia do capitalismo, de Roberto Schwarz. / This work aims to analyse the postures of Camilo Castelo Branco and Machado de Assis as readeres and critics of Romantism, questioning the strict application of prevailing theories and doctrines estabilished by 19th century critics like naturalism, positivism, rationalism and romantics models. We started from the studies of Coração, Cabeça e Estômago, by Camilo and Memórias Póstumas de Brás Cubas, by Machado. We try to evidence approaches and similarities between those books, detaching studies that appointed those common aspects in order to discuss some ideas that we develop during our research. We used like theoretical subsidies, Introdução ao estudo da novela camiliana, by Jacinto do Prado Coelho and Um mestre na periferia do capitalismo, by Roberto Schwarz.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:47:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria de Lourdes da Conceicao Cunha.pdf: 735563 bytes, checksum: 6e71a70af6fb91845a864343e6e90b2d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-25 / The romantic novel, characterized by plots full of love affairs ended up in great passions which culminated in happy endings or the maintenance of lover´s faithfulness through death, was in the 19th century one of the main forms of fun disseminated by feuilletons . It´s of that romantic fiction that this research is constituted based on the study of the novels O que fazem mulheres and A mulher fatal by Camilo Castelo Branco. Through female characters in love, involved by men who had dominated them, the romantic author determined punishments, sadness, betrayals and abandonment resulting from the female figure´s dependency, obedience or lack of autonomy. Thus, the main aim of this work is show the different formations of the female characters and their fates, controlled by the behaviorist rule which was attributed to them, assessing the results of passivity or the reaction before destiny which was determined by male hands. / O romance romântico, caracterizado por enredos repletos de aventuras amorosas convertidas em grandes paixões que culminavam em finais felizes ou manutenção da fidelidade dos amantes por meio da morte, foi, no século XIX, uma das principais formas de diversão difundidos por meio dos folhetins. É dessa ficção romântica que se constitui esta pesquisa pautada no estudo dos romances O que fazem mulheres e A mulher fatal de Camilo Castelo Branco. Por meio de personagens femininas apaixonadas e envolvidas pelos homens que as dominavam, o autor romântico imputou castigos, tristezas, traições e abandonos, resultantes da situação de dependência, servilismo ou falta de autonomia da figura feminina. Desse modo, o objetivo principal deste trabalho é pontuar as diferentes construções das personagens femininas e de seus destinos, comandados pela norma comportamental que a elas era determinada, avaliando os resultados da passividade ou da reação frente ao destino que lhe era determinado pelas mãos masculinas.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2003-06-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:16:02Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 pereira_dc_me_sjrp.pdf: 570653 bytes, checksum: 35005aeaa90a1503ee44163e08ca7899 (MD5) / O presente estudo visa a uma maior compreensão do papel de Sousândrade dentro dos limites do Romantismo brasileiro, apontando para o fato de que sua poética, perpassada por um olhar extrinsecamente romântico, não só perpetua o espírito libertário e revolucionário desse movimento, como também nos permite incluir Sousândrade dentro de um Romantismo titânico e, a partir desse romantismo racional, compreendê-lo como um dos precursores da modernidade. Tendo como material de pesquisa o poema O Guesa, demonstraremos a contribuição original desse maranhense, marginalizado por seus contemporâneos justamente porque ultrapassava o limiar da compreensão de seu tempo. Circunscrito cronologicamente na segunda geração do Romantismo brasileiro, Sousândrade distanciou-se da tendência dominante das manifestações românticas, antecipando em muitos aspectos as experiências modernistas. Trata-se, portanto, de uma tentativa de reavaliação desse poeta com vistas a discutir que sua visão lúcida e crítica em relação a uma artificialidade romântica possibilita sua classificação como precursor do moderno. / This study intends to a great comprehension of Sousândrade's role within the limits of the Brazilian Romantism, pointing to the fact that his poetics, passed by an extrinsically romantic look, is not just a way to perpetuate the libertary and revolutionary spirit of this moviment, as well as it allows us to include Sousândrade within a titanic romantism, and, from this rational romantism, to understand him as one of the modernity's precursor. As a research material we have the poem O Guesa, and we will demonstrate the original contribution of this poet, marginalized by his contemporaries just because he surpassed the comprehension's threshold of this epoch. Cronologically circumscribed in the second generation of the Brazilian Romantism, Sousândrade distanced from the dominant tendency of the romantic manifestations, anticipating in many aspects the modernist experiences. This study is a reappraisal tentative of this poet in order to discuss that his critical and lucid view in relation to a romantic artificiality makes possible his classification as a modern precursor.

[pt] O presente trabalho se propõe a analisar a crítica moral e o projeto civililizador empreendidos por Domingos José Gonçalves de Magalhães à sociedade oitocentista e ao Estado conservador centralizado erigido, especialmente entre os últimos anos da década de 30 e os anos 50 do século XIX. O autor fluminense criticava, contundentemente, a Nação escravocrata construída e defendida pelos conservadores. Afirmava que a instituição escravidão não permitia ao homem dois movimentos fundamentais à vida livre e ordenada, a saber, a reflexão a partir da consciência de si, influência claramente cartesiana, e a atuação no mundo a partir da finitude enquanto constitutiva aos entes criados em geral.Gonçalves de Magalhães estava indo de encontro ao sentido do movimento de re-cunhagem da moeda colonial empreendido pelo Regresso e, especialmente, pelos conservadores Saquaremas. Seu objetivo era reformar o mundo do governo de dentro dele mesmo. Buscava civilizar a chamada boa sociedade, os mais distantes e os mais próximos, lugar de onde saíam os exemplos de imoralidade. / [en] This work analyses the moral criticism and the civilizer project undertook by Domingos José Gonçalves de Magalhães to the society of the nineteenth century and to the centralized Conservative State, raised, especially, between the latest years of the Thirties and the Fifties of the XIX century. The author criticized, strongly, the enslaver Nation built and defended by the conservatives. He assured that the institution of slavery has not allowed man two fundamental moviments to the ordinate and free life: the reflection derived from the conscience of yourself, influence fairly cartesian, and the acting in the world enable by the finiteness while constitutive to the beings created in general. Gonçalves de Magalhães was moving towards the moviment of re-coinage of the Colonial coin achieved by the Regress and, especially, the Conservatives Saquaremas. His objective was to reform the government world from inside itself. He sought to civilize the good society, the farthest and the nearest ones, place where bad exemples of immorality were given.

Diploma work presents the Poetics of Emily Dickinson and Walt Whitman as a big influence on traditional American Literary development. Their work brought a new view of traditional Poetry in 19th century, which affected the whole status of traditional American culture. Their styles of writing had an effective impact on American Literature and shaped the new image of Poetry. One of the purposes of this diploma work is to introduce historical and literary-philosophical background of the period of 19. century, which influenced their lives and work as well. Then the diploma work demonstrates the Poetry of Walt Whitman and Emily Dickinson and compares their work afterwards according to the chosen topics appearing in their poems. To summarise the whole diploma work there is the analyse of the similarities and differences in the poetry of both poets.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal analisar as posturas de Camilo Castelo Branco e Machado de Assis como leitores e como críticos do Romantismo que, de certa forma, colocaram em xeque a aplicação rígida das teorias e doutrinas vigentes para a crítica oitocentista como o naturalismo, o positivismo, o racionalismo e os ideais românticos. Realizamos este trabalho partindo do estudo das obras Coracão, Cabeça e Estômago, de Camilo Castelo Branco, e Memórias Póstumas de Brás Cubas, de Machado de Assis. Buscamos demonstrar aproximações e similaridades presentes nas duas obras, destacando textos críticos que apontaram tais semelhanças para apresentarmos algumas idéias que desenvolvemos ao longo da pesquisa. Como substrato teórico para o trabalho, utilizamos os livros Introdução ao estudo da novela camiliana, de Jacinto do Prado Coelho e Um mestre na periferia do capitalismo, de Roberto Schwarz. / This work aims to analyse the postures of Camilo Castelo Branco and Machado de Assis as readeres and critics of Romantism, questioning the strict application of prevailing theories and doctrines estabilished by 19th century critics like naturalism, positivism, rationalism and romantics models. We started from the studies of Coração, Cabeça e Estômago, by Camilo and Memórias Póstumas de Brás Cubas, by Machado. We try to evidence approaches and similarities between those books, detaching studies that appointed those common aspects in order to discuss some ideas that we develop during our research. We used like theoretical subsidies, Introdução ao estudo da novela camiliana, by Jacinto do Prado Coelho and Um mestre na periferia do capitalismo, by Roberto Schwarz.

La présente thèse procède à une analyse archéologique des discours sur le « romantisme politique » sous la République de Weimar pour mettre en évidence que ce paradigme constitue un idéologème fondamental de l’univers intellectuel et politique de l’époque. Par le recours à une conception de la « réception » qui met entre parenthèses la fonction « auteur » il s’agit d’analyser les stratégies discursives qui se structurent autour du paradigme « romantique » entre 1918 et 1933. A partir de l’étude d’un corpus d’auteurs pour qui la référence romantique est centrale (Sigmund Rubinstein, Carl Schmitt, Hans Freyer, Othmar Spann, Karl Mannheim, Wilhelm von Schramm, Paul Tillich) ainsi que des réseaux sociaux qui s’organisent autour d’eux, il est possible d’affirmer l’existence d’une sensibilité « romantique » centrale au monde weimarien, qui transcende les oppositions politiques traditionnellement conçues comme imperméables (gauche/droite, conservateur/progressiste, nationaliste/universaliste, etc.) et qui se construit dans l’opposition fondamentale à l’individualisme matérialiste du libéralisme capitaliste. / This PhD thesis offers an archeological analysis of the discourses on « political romanticism » in the Weimar Republic. It shall endeavour to analyze the discursive patterns which revolved around the « romantic » paradigm between 1918 and 1933 by resorting to a concept of « reception » which minimizes the importance of the « author ». By studying the works of thinkers who explicitly refer to « political romanticism » (Sigmund Rubinstein, Carl Schmitt, Hans Freyer, Othmar Spann, Karl Mannheim, Wilhelm von Schramm, Paul Tillich) and the social networks they belong to one may assert the existence of a romantic « sensibility » which is at the core of the intellectual universe of the Weimar Republic, transcends political differences traditionally considered as essential (left/right, conservative/progressive, nationalist/universalist etc.) and is fundamentally opposed to the materialist individualism of capitalist liberalism.

La postérité a considéré de manière privilégiée l’œuvre de Gérard de Nerval comme celle d’un poète sinon fou, du moins irrémédiablement mélancolique, en faisant peu de cas de son inspiration fantaisiste. Bien que parfois évoquée, cette facette de l’œuvre n’a à ce jour jamais fait l’objet d’une synthèse d’envergure. C’est à cette lacune quelque peu surprenante que notre étude ambitionne de répondre. Remettre à l’honneur la fantaisie de l’auteur des « Chimères » et d’Aurélia ne revient nullement à nier la folie nervalienne, mais plutôt à penser cette dernière en relation avec une fantaisie investie des aspirations romantiques les plus hautes, à remettre en question des traditions de lecture qui ont conclu à un isolement de l’œuvre au détriment d’une volonté de lucidité sans cesse réaffirmée par l’écrivain. Interroger la fantaisie nervalienne, c’est interroger les enjeux esthétiques, socio-politiques et éthiques d’une œuvre empreinte d’un enjouement fantasque qui s’est toujours voulue en prise directe sur l’actualité et soucieuse de refonder une communication littéraire alors en crise. / The works of Gérard de Nerval have mainly been regarded as the output of an irremediably melancholic, if not insane poet. However strongly established by his contemporaries, his fanciful inspiration, though occasionally mentioned, has never been subjected to thorough investigation. The ambition of this study is to rectify this rather intriguing omission. Delving into the fancy of the author of « Les Chimères » and of Aurélia, rather than denying Nerval’s madness, consists in assessing its connection with a fancy expressive of the highest romantic aspirations, as well as challenging customary interpretations that concluded in the isolation of an author’s writings, in spite of his own repeated assertions of lucidity. Probing Nerval’s fancy amounts to questioning the aesthetic, socio-political and ethical stakes of works imbued with whimsical cheerfulness, always bent on facing reality and eager to re-establish a literary communication that was then going through a critical period.