A violência doméstica tem sido considerada uma condição de risco psicossocial ao desenvolvimento infantil. Em nosso meio, é obrigatória a notificação dessa forma de violência ao Conselho Tutelar. Objetivou-se avaliar as variáveis pessoais de crianças que, há três anos, foram identificadas como estando em risco psicossocial, associado à violência doméstica, o que implicou em medidas legais junto ao Conselho Tutelar. Propô-se analisar os elementos de proteção a tal situação de risco, integrando as informações relativas às crianças com as do ambiente familiar, enquanto recursos e adversidades. Foram avaliadas 40 crianças, de ambos os sexos, de oito a 12 anos incompletos, que residiam com pelo menos um dos pais biológicos, divididas em dois grupos. G1: 20 crianças (grupo com história de risco psicossocial associado à violência doméstica), que receberam medidas do Conselho Tutelar há três anos; G2: 20 crianças (grupo de comparação), sem história de risco psicossocial relatada. Para a seleção dos participantes, foi aplicado às crianças o Teste das Matrizes Progressivas Coloridas de Raven e, com os pais, realizou-se, individualmente, uma entrevista semi-estruturada visando a investigar aspectos do cuidado com a criança e história prévia de atendimento pelo Conselho Tutelar. Para a coleta de dados junto às crianças, foram aplicadas a Escala de Stress Infantil, a Escala Infantil Piers-Harris de Autoconceito e o Teste de Desempenho Escolar. Os responsáveis responderam à Escala Comportamental Infantil de Rutter, ao Inventário de Recursos no Ambiente Familiar, à Escala de Eventos Adversos e ao Critério de Classificação Socioeconômica. Procedeu-se às análises de comparação dos grupos, através do teste paramétrico t de student ou do teste não-paramétrico U de Mann-Whitney, Teste Exato de Fisher e/ou Teste do Qui-quadrado (X2), e a integração dos dados, pelos testes de correlação univariada e análise de regressão logística, considerando um p < 0,05. Observaram-se diferenças significativas entre os grupos tanto para as variáveis das crianças como para as do ambiente familiar. Com relação às variáveis pessoais das crianças, as do G1 foram referidas pelas mães como apresentando maior dificuldade de comportamento e maior necessidade de cuidados especializados do que as do G2. As crianças do G1 se autoperceberam com um autoconceito mais negativo na área comportamento e apresentaram mais dificuldade no desempenho escolar na área de escrita. Quanto às características do ambiente familiar, observaram-se diferenças significativas quanto à ocorrência de adversidades, particularmente, a adversidade parental. Com relação aos recursos do ambiente familiar, observaram-se, para ambos os grupos, recursos semelhantes, entretanto, as correlações entre recursos do ambiente familiar e variáveis da criança sugeriram um melhor aproveitamento destes recursos pelas crianças sem história de risco psicossocial relatada. Concluiu-se que as crianças e as famílias se encontram em condições de vulnerabilidade, o que pode estar dificultando, para as crianças, a realização das tarefas evolutivas próprias da idade escolar. A atuação do Conselho Tutelar teve um caráter pontual, como um disparador de ações da rede de serviço de apoio. Contudo os dados evidenciam a necessidade de dar continuidade às medidas de saúde mental, preventivas e de seguimento, para as crianças e famílias. / Domestic violence has been regarded as a condition of psychosocial risk to the childs development. In our midst, it is mandatory to notify the Child Protection Agency of this type of violence. The present work aimed to assess the personal variables of children who, three years ago, were identified as being in psychosocial risk, associated with domestic violence, which implicated in legal actions with the Child Protection Agency. The elements of protection associated with such risk situation were analyzed, integrating the information related to the children with the variables from the familiar environment, when resources and adversities. 40 children were assessed, girls and boys, at the age of eight to twelve. They were divided in two groups: G1, with 20 children (group with a history of psychosocial risk associated with familiar violence) who received measures from the Child Protection Agency three years ago; and G2, with 20 children (control group) without a related history of psychosocial risk. In order to select the participants, The Raven Colored Progressive Matrices Test was administered to the children, and a semi-structured interview was carried out with the parents, individually, so as to investigate aspects of the care with the children and the precious history of assistance by the Child Protection Agency. To collect data from the children, the Child Stress Scale, Piers-Harris Children Self-Concept Scale and School Achievement Test were administered. The parents answered to Rutter Childrens Behavior Scale, the Familiar Environment Resources Inventory, the Adverse Events Scale, and the Criterion of Social-economic Classification. The analyses of comparison between the groups were performed, using the parametric test of t of student or the non-parametric test U of Mann-Whitney, Fishers Exact Test and/or Chi-square Test (X 2), and the data integration, through univariated correlation tests and the logistic regression analysis, considering a p < 0,05. Significant differences were observed between the groups for both the childrens and the familiar environment´s variables. As for the childrens personal variables, the ones from G1 were referred by the mothers as presenting greater difficulty with behavior than the ones in G2. The children in G1 perceive themselves with a more negative self-concept in behavior and presented more difficulty in school achievement in writing. As for the familiar environments characteristics, significant differences were observed as for the occurrence of adversities, particularly the parental one. Regarding the familiar environments resources, for both groups, similar resources were observed; however, the correlations between the familiar environments resources and the childrens variables suggested a better use of these resources by the children without a related history of psychosocial risk. It was concluded that the children and the families are found to be in a condition of vulnerability, which may be making it more difficult for the children to perform the developing tasks which are proper of school age. The action of the Child Protection Agency had an important character, as a trigger to the actions from the support net; however, the data show a need for the continuity of the mental health measures, which are preventive and follow-up, for the children and families.

Thesis (MPA.) -- University of Limpopo, 2012 / The aim of this is to investigate the factors which play a role in the poor performance of the Grade 12 in the secondary schools in the Mogalakwena Circuit of the Limpopo Province. The researcher engaged a qualitative type of methodology. An interview schedule was compiled. A semi-structured interview was conducted on the subject of research. Secondary schools were sampled for the interview process. Data were analyzed manually and mechanically. Factors affecting learner performance were found to be basic. The human and material demands were found to be inhibiting learning. Solutions from within and without the schools were recommended to help reduce the problem of Grade12 failure rate.

[pt] Essa tese e composta por três artigos. Os dois primeiros estudam os efeitos da abundância de recursos naturais através da análise do recente boom de petróleo no Brasil e a distribuição de royalties para os municípios. No primeiro capítulo, estuda-se os efeitos do boom de petróleo sobre a economia local. Mostra-se que os efeitos da produção de petróleo são pequenos, limitando-se ao impacto sobre o setor público. O maior impacto encontrado é sobre o número de funcionários públicos municipais, que aumenta consideravelmente entre 1997 e 2006. São encontrados efeitos modestos sobre a oferta de educação e saúde. O segundo capítulo analisa os efeitos do royalties de petróleo sobre a política local. Os royalties aumentam a probabilidade de reeleição dos prefeitos na primeira eleição que sucede o boom de receitas, mas essa vantagem não persiste nas eleições seguintes. Os resultados são consistentes com um processo de aprendizado por parte dos eleitores, que somente reconduzem os prefeitos ao poder quando têm conhecimento limitado sobre o choque positivo de receitas e interpretam o aumento de funcionários públicos como um sinal de habilidade do prefeito. Contudo, os resultados indicam que a abundância de recursos não acabou com a responsabilização dos prefeitos e que um sistema democrático é crucial para restringir o uso irresponsável desses recursos. O terceiro capítulo investiga um outro tema: a relação entre violência local e desempenho escolar. Explora-se a variação no espaço e no tempo do conflito de drogas no Rio de Janeiro para entender o impacto desses conflitos sobre as escolas municipais. Encontra-se que as áreas que sofreram mais variação de conflitos armados ao longo do tempo têm um desempenho inferior em testes padronizados de matemática. A exposição aos conflitos também é associada a aumento na reprovação e do abandono de alunos do quinto ano do ensino fundamental. Discute-se ainda os canais que podem explicar a piora do desempenho e identifica-se que violência está associada a maior ausência de professores nas escolas. / [en] This thesis is comprised of three articles. The first two chapters study the effects of natural resource abundance on economic development by analyzing Brazil s offshore oil boom and the distribution of royalties to municipalities. In the first chapter, we examine the impact of this oil boom on local economies. We show that oil production has little economic impact on the municipalities, other than in the public sector. By far, the most important effect is on the number of public employees, which increased a great deal from 1997 to 2006. Few improvements were found on health and educational services. The second chapter analyzes oil effects on local politics. We show evidence that oil does not make leaders unaccountable and that a democratic system is crucial to avoid the negative effects of resource abundance. Our results indicate that, although oil windfall creates a large incumbency advantage in the short run, voters reward incumbents by reappointing them to office as long as they are not completely informed of the size of the extraordinary revenue and see increases in public employment as an indication of mayor s ability. In the medium run, as information about the resources increases and a larger public sector does not translate into more public goods and services, citizens oust the incumbent and select new candidates. The third chapter investigates a different subject. We analyze the relationship between neighborhood violence and school achievement, by exploring time and geographical variation in Rio de Janeiro s drug battles. We find that schools close to areas that experience more variation in armed conflicts over time perform worse in standardized math exams, while no significant effect is found on language exams. Violent events are also associated with an increase in grade repetition and dropout for 5th graders. In terms of mobility across schools, we find no significant effects of violence on students transfers and new admissions during the school year. We also discuss the mechanisms that can explain these results and provide evidence that violence is associated with an increase in teacher absenteeism.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

La motivation est un concept que l’on retrouve aussi bien dans la littérature scientifique que dans le langage courant et d’autant plus scolaire. Elle est mise en avant pour expliquer tantôt la réussite, tantôt l’échec des élèves. Toute la difficulté réside dans la manière d’aborder et de définir le terme de motivation puisqu’il se compose d’une mosaïque de théories ; Fenouillet (2009), dans son modèle intégratif, n’en recense pas moins d’une centaine. Dans ce travail, nous nous intéressons plus particulièrement à trois de celles-ci : le sentiment d’efficacité personnelle (SEP), les buts d’accomplissement et l’intérêt pour essayer de répondre à la question : Quels rôles SEP, but et intérêt jouent-ils conjointement dans les résultats scolaires et dans quelle mesure l’intérêt se retrouve lui-même à son tour impacté par les deux premiers concepts ?Ce travail s’appuie sur 14 études menées auprès d’élèves de cycle 3 d’école primaire et les résultats nous permettent entre autre de voir que : - Le SEP (et particulièrement en français) impacte positivement les résultats des élèves- Le but d’approche de la performance impacte négativement les résultats scolaires- Le but d’approche de l’apprentissage n’a pas d’impact sur les résultats scolaires- Les buts d’évitement ne sont pas forcément néfastes pour les résultats scolaires- L’intérêt, s’il est impacté à la fois par les buts et le SEP, n’impacte que dans de faibles proportions les résultats scolairesEnfin cette thèse propose plusieurs prolongements possibles afin de mieux connaître les dynamiques motivationnelles en jeu dans les classes d’école primaire tant au niveau de l’évaluation que dans l’aspect multi-niveaux de ces concepts (disciplinaire et général) / Motivation is a concept that is found both in the scientific literature and in everyday language and even more in school. It is emphasis to explain sometimes the success, sometimes the failure of the pupils.The difficulty lies in how to approach and define the term motivation since it consists of a mosaic of theories. Fenouillet (2009), in his integrative model, lists not less than hundred.In this work, we are particularly interested in three of them : self-efficacy , achievement goals and interest. We try to answer the question : What role self-efficacy, achievement goals and interest play together in school performance.This work leans on 14 studies led with pupils of cycle 3 of primary school (age 9-10) and the results allow us to see among other things that:-Self-efficacy (especially in French) positively impacts school achievement. -Performance approach goal negatively impacts school achievement. -Learning approach goal has no impact on school achievement. -The two avoidance goals are not necessarily detrimental to academic achievement.-Interest is affected both by achievement goals and self-efficacy, but has only a small impact on scholl achievement.Finally this thesis proposes several possible extensions to better understand the motivational dynamics at play in primary school classrooms in both the evaluation and in the multi-level aspect of these concepts (disciplinary and general).

O primeiro teste padronizado de larga escala que compôs o sistema de avaliação da educação superior implantado pelo governo brasileiro, pela Lei 9.131, 1995, foi o Exame Nacional de Cursos (ENC) - Provão, com período de aplicação entre 1996 a 2003. Em 2004, o ENC foi substituído pelo Exame Nacional de Desempenho de Estudantes (Enade), pela Lei 10.861, instituindo o Sistema Nacional de Avaliação da Educação Superior (SINAES), para auferir conhecimentos, habilidades acadêmicas e competências profissionais, definidas previamente por diretrizes educacionais e desenvolvidas pelos seus estudantes durante a graduação. Os estudantes da graduação em Ciências Contábeis participaram do Provão, em 2002 e 2003, e Enade, em 2006 e 2009. Entretanto, o histórico do desempenho geral desses estudantes, que estavam no final do último ano, conforme o Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (INEP), de 0 a 100, registrou média geral de 32,0 no Provão de 2002 e 2003, respectivamente, e no Enade de 2006, 33,9. Assim, este estudo objetivou a analisar o efeito de características individuais e institucionais sobre o desempenho acadêmico dos estudantes dos cursos de Ciências Contábeis, via resultados obtidos no ENC-Provão de 2002 e 2003 e Enade de 2006. Os fundamentos teóricos da função de produção educacional nortearam este trabalho. A série de microdados do Provão, 1997 a 2003, Enade 2006 e dos Censos da Educação Superior (CES), de 1995 a 2009, disponibilizados no site do INEP, foram as principais fontes para esta pesquisa. Foi utilizada a técnica de grupo focal para coletar evidências e auxiliar na validação do conteúdo das duas edições do Provão e Enade e para desenvolver análise crítica sobre esses instrumentos. Segundo a interpretação dos relatos dos participantes, foi observado que os conteúdos avaliados nos Provões 2002/2003 e Enade/2006 podem ser uma aproximação do conhecimento, especialmente técnico, da área Ciências Contábeis. Os participantes do grupo focal sugeriram que é preciso reavaliar se as questões dos instrumentos estão avaliando as habilidades estabelecidas. Foi empregado o modelo hierárquico linear, com método de máxima verossimilhança, para desenvolver as estimativas de 2002, 2003 e 2006. Os principais resultados sugerem associação significativa entre o desempenho acadêmico dos estudantes concluintes de Ciências Contábeis de 2002, 2003 e 2006 com determinadas características próprias e da família, como gênero, horas de dedicação aos estudos, faixa de renda familiar, ter estudado o ensino médio em escolas públicas e certos insumos das IES, como ter tido professores com domínio de conteúdo e que utilizaram como prática de ensino predominante à aula expositiva. Na categoria efeitos dos pares, foi encontrada, em todos os anos observados, relação negativa e significativa do desempenho acadêmico do estudante por ser solteiro. Ademais, os achados indicam que o efeito no desempenho dos estudantes tendeu a ser positivo nas instituições com professores com titulação de mestrado ou doutorado e jornada integral, de 40 horas, ou dedicação exclusiva ao ensino, que utilizaram, com maior frequência, como estratégia de ensino, pesquisas em 2003 e 2006. Este trabalho contribuiu para uma análise dos efeitos dos insumos institucionais sobre o desempenho acadêmico da área e para indicar possíveis implicações de políticas adotadas pelas instituições, como a decisão de contratar ou treinar professores com titulação de mestrado ou doutorado. / The first large-scale standardized test that composed the evaluation system of higher education implemented by the Brazilian government, by Law 9131, 1995, the National Examination of Courses (ENC) - General Test, with application period from 1996 to 2003. In 2004, the forward was replaced by the National Survey of Students\' Performance (Enade), by Law 10,861, establishing the National System of Higher Education Evaluation (SINAES), to obtain knowledge, skills and academic skills, previously defined by educational guidelines and developed by his students during graduation courses. Graduation students from Accountancy Courses participated in \"Provão\" in 2002/2003 and in Enade/2006/2009. However, the historical general knowledge of those students, who were taking their last year, according to National Institute of Educational Studies AnísioTeixeira (INEP), in a scale from 0 to 100, was an average of 32.0 in \"Provão\"/2002/2003 and 33.9 in Enade/2006. In this sense, the aim of this study was to analyze the effect of individual and institutional features concerning the academic achievement of such students, by means of the results in Provão\"/2002/2003 and in Enade/2006. The theoretical foundations of educational production function guided this study. The series of micro data from \"Provão\" 1997 to 2003, Enade/2006 and Census of Higher Education (CES) 1995 to 2009, shown in INEP homepage, were the main resources for this research. It was used the focus group technique to collect evidence and help to validate the content of the two \"Provão\" and Enade editions, as well as to develop a critical analysis about such instruments. According to the interpretation of the accounts of the participants, it was observed that the contents assessed in \"Provão\" 2002/2003 and in Enade/2006 could be an approximation of knowledge, especially technical in the Accountancy area. The focus group participants suggested that that it is necessary to reassess whether the issues of the instruments are evaluating the skills set. It was used hierarchical linear model, with maximum likelihood method to develop estimates for 2002, 2003 and 2006. The main findings suggest a significant association between the academic achievement of the Accountancy last year students of 2002, 2003 and 2006 and their own features, as well as their families´. For example, genre, time dedicated to study, family wage, having taken high school in public schools and some IES features, as having had professors with content domain and who used mainly expositive classes. In the category pair effect, it was found in the years studied a negative and significant relationship of the academic achievement if the student was single. Moreover, the findings showed that the effect in students´ performance tended to be positive in institutions where professors had a master or a doctor degree, a full time job - 40 hours a week, or exclusive dedication to teaching and used mainly researches as educational technique in 2003 and 2006. To sum up, this work contributed to analyze the effect of institutional features upon the academic achievement of the area, and to indicate possible implications of politics adopted by the institutions. For example, the decision to hire or train professors who have got master and doctor degrees.

Orientador: Matilde Virginia Ricardi Scaramucci / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T23:16:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_JussaraAzevedoSilvade_M.pdf: 5742161 bytes, checksum: 0351ec48a42cee9659f05ead5947292d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: A avaliação de rendimento em inglês como língua estrangeira (doravante LE) tem refletido, em sua aplicação na escola básica brasileira, os problemas inerentes ao ensino de LE ali presentes: a falta de envolvimento, o mau desempenho e a desmotivação de alunos para aprender inglês com LE. Neste trabalho é nosso objetivo aprofundar o conhecimento sobre a relação entre a avaliação e a motivação. Entre nossos objetivos específicos estão: conhecer se a avaliação formativa contribui para o desenvolvimento de orientações motivacionais que auxiliam no desenvolvimento da aprendizagem de inglês como LE, e de que forma a avaliação formativa intervém na percepção que o aluno tem da própria aprendizagem em LE. Para tanto, utilizamos métodos de pesquisa de caráter etnográfico, que tratam de descrever as percepções e orientações motivacionais dos alunos diante da avaliação, inicialmente somativa, depois formativa. Nossas análises revelaram a complexidade da relação entre avaliação e motivação, relação que é mediada pelo papel do professor controlador ou facilitador. Nessa análise retomamos conceitos relativos ao efeito retroativo (ALDERSON & WALL, 1983; CHENG, 1997, 2005; SCARAMUCCI, 2000, 2004), avaliação (BACHMAN & PALMER, 1996; GENESEE & UPSHUR; REA DICKINS, 2001, 2006; SCARAMUCCI, 1998, 2000) e motivação (BZUNECK, 2001, BORUCHOVITCH et alii, 2001, 2004; DORNYEI & OTTÓ, 1998) que permitissem descrever essa relação. Os resultados obtidos mostram que alunos de alto rendimento não sofrem grandes alterações em sua motivação, pois já são intrinsecamente motivados. Os alunos de médio rendimento mostram oscilações em suas percepções e motivações, indicando a permeabilidade que têm diante da intervenção por meio da avaliação. Finalmente, os alunos de baixo rendimento manifestaram pequenas mudanças em suas percepções da avaliação e orientações motivacionais, mas que consideramos significativas diante da desmotivação no início do ano letivo. Concluímos com as implicações teóricas e práticas deste estudo tanto para os estudos em avaliação e em motivação, assim como para o cenário de ensino/aprendizagem de inglês como LE na escola brasileira / Abstract: Achievement testing in English as a foreign language has reflected educational problems in Brazil , such as the lack of students' involvement, low achievement and demotivation. Our aim in this research is to approach the interrelation between assessment and motivation to learn EFL. Our specific aims are to know: what is the effect of formative assessment on the students' motivational orientation to learn EFL, and how formative assessment affects the students' awareness of learning and competence. In order to achieve these aims, ethnographic research methods were employed to describe students' perceptions and motivational orientations facing assessment, which was essentially summative at first, then combined with formative assessment, introduced in the second quarter. Our analysis revealed the complex relation between assessment and motivation, which is mediated by the teacher. To describe such relation, we discussed concepts such as washback effect (ALDERSON & WALL, 1983; CHENG, 1997 E 2005; SCARAMUCCI, 2000, 2004), assessment (BACHMAN & PALMER, 1996; GENESEE & UPSHUR; REA DICKINS, 2001, 2006; SCARAMUCCI, 1998, 2000) and motivation (BZUNECK, 2001; BORUCHOVITCH et alii, 2001, 2004; DORNYEI & OTTÓ, 1998). Results show that high achievers changed little in their perceptions and motivation to learn EFL, being intrinsically motivated throughout the school year. Medium achievement students showed changes in their perceptions and motivation, revealing flexible motivational orientations. Finally, low achievers showed small changes in their perception and motivational orientations, which are certainly meaningful considering their low levels of motivation at the beginning of this research. We conclude with some theoretical and practical implications for the studies in assessment and in motivation and for the teaching and learning scenario of English as a foreign language in Brazilian regular schools / Mestrado / Lingua Estrangeira / Mestre em Linguística Aplicada

The focus of this work is a description of changes in the academic self-efficacy among adolescents when they change school environment and demands of studies. Academic self- efficacy is defined as one of the predictors of school achievement. In the theoretical part, there are summarized results of foreign researches which describe the development of academic self-efficacy during school attendance. This work focuses especially on transition from elementary to high school. Moreover, there are mentioned possibilities which may support the academic self-efficacy and increase its level. In the empirical part, there is a research which tries to describe the development of academic self-efficacy among Czech adolescents who change from elementary to high school. Questionnaires Myself As a Learner Scale and Children's Self-Efficacy Scale were used. The results suggest no significant changes in level of perceived academic self-efficacy during transition from elementary to high school. However, significant correlation was proven between both questionnaires and between grade point average and academic self-efficacy. Moreover, significant correlation was found between gender and level of academic self-efficacy by the questionnaire ChSE. Keywords: academic self-efficacy, student's school achievement, transition...

Les professeurs des écoles, en zones d’éducation prioritaire (ZEP), font face à la forte hétérogénéité des niveaux de leurs élèves, à la grande difficulté scolaire et aux problèmes de discipline, plus fréquents qu’ailleurs. Pourtant, en ZEP, il existe des élèves en grande réussite scolaire (EGRS). Nous nous intéressons à la perception qu’ont les enseignants des EGRS à travers l’analyse de leurs déclarations ainsi qu’à leur quotidien avec ces élèves. Cette étude se propose d’explorer : leurs définitions d’un EGRS ; leurs déclarations autour des dispositifs mis en place pour les EGRS ; leurs avis sur des changements dans la vie de la classe liés à la présence des EGRS. Notre étude donne la parole aux enseignants par un questionnaire à échelle nationale à destination de l’ensemble des professeurs des écoles (2490 répondants) exerçant en ZEP en France ainsi qu’à travers des entretiens directifs menés avec dix d’entre eux. La personnalité des enseignants ressort significativement de nos résultats car de nombreuses variables caractérisant ces professionnels influencent leur définition des EGRS ainsi que leurs pratiques pédagogiques. Les enseignants décrivent le caractère particulier des EGRS, qui sont perçus comme des auxiliaires pédagogiques, prenant une part importante dans les actions conjointes. Il a danger d’instrumentaliser les EGRS au profit des élèves en difficulté, quitte à pénaliser leur propre acquisition de savoirs. Cela entre en dissonance avec la volonté par ailleurs affirmée des enseignants de garder un haut niveau d’exigence pour les EGRS présents dans leur classe. / The French government designated schools in deprived areas as « Educational Priority Areas » (EPAs). Primary school teachers working in EPA have to deal with a high heterogeneity in children’s levels. Moreover, violent behaviours and discipline maintenance are massive issues that are more frequent than in other areas in France. However, some children are high-performing pupils (HPPs) in EPAs as well.This work aims to investigate the perspective of primary school teachers facing high performance at school in EPA. We conducted a national survey of primary school teachers in EPAs, by a questionnaire online, and then performed led-interviews of teachers working in an EPA in Marseille. We focused the analysis of these declarative data in order to determine the definition of a HPP, the devices set up for HPPs, and the impact of HPPs on the class.2490 teachers responded to the national survey and ten personal interviews were performed. Most of the respondants agreed that HPPs are wise, listening and they participate. But, the definition of HPPs is mostly based on teacher-related criteria than institution. Interestingly, the personnal characteristics of the professional influences their HPP’s definition as well as their education practices, which highlight an important teacher effect toward HPPs. Finally, teachers considered HPPs as educational auxiliaries, having a key role during shared actions. Our research hightlight the teachers dilemna between the instrumentalization of HPPs for the benefit of the pupils in difficulty, which in a way is penalizing their own acquisition of knowledges, and their will to keep high-standard teaching objectives for the HPPs in their class.

This study aims to give an overview of school segregation in Stockholm and its development during the period 2000 to 2010. Further, it aims to examine the effects of school segregation on student achievement. The first part of the study uses register data to measure segregation in schools from 2000 to 2010, the second part utilizes the Stockholm School Survey 2010 for measuring student demographics and school achievement. The examination of school segregation in Stockholm reveal a substantial segregation between schools, on both levels of non-native background and parental education. The trends have been stable for segregation on non-native background and decreased slightly for parental education from 2000 to 2010, however, they both remain at relatively high levels. Multilevel analysis show that student school achievement is negatively impacted by increased concentration of students with disadvantaged characteristics, i.e. higher levels of students with non-native background and lower levels of parental education. The results also indicate that non-native students are more negatively affected by these effects. Further, the analysis tests for threshold effects of segregation, but no such effects can be identified and it seems to be more or less linear, higher degree of segregation leads to stronger effects. It is concluded that differences between schools have an unequal and unfair effect on student school achievement.