<p>Syftet med denna studie var att förstå och beskriva upplevelser av delaktighet under rehabiliteringsprocessen. Studien utgick från fem intervjuer som utfördes hos personer som har varit långtidssjukskrivna och som har deltagit i olika rehabiliteringsinsatser. Intervjuerna bearbetades kvalitativ, textanalysen utfördes utifrån hermeneutisk teori och metod. Frågeställningen var inriktad mot klienternas upplevelse av delaktighet under rehabiliteringsprocessen. Resultatet visade att delaktighet har förekommit vid rehabiliteringen, men begreppet har olika ansikten. Det konstaterades att motivation är nära förknippad med graden av engagemang i olika rehabiliteringsaktiviteter. Även handlingsutrymme och inflytande i de beslut klienterna har deltagit i har spelat roll för individens delaktighet. Vidare alla klienter hade en hög grad av tillhörighet/ samhörighet.</p> / <p>The purpose of this study was to understand and describe the experiences of the participation during the rehabilitation process. The study started out from five interviews with persons who have been long term sick and who have taken part in different rehabilitation programs. The interviews were worked up by a qualitative method, the analysis of the text were made by a hermeneutic theory and method. The question of the study was directed towards the clients' experiences of involvement during the rehabilitation process. The result showed that the clients have felt an involvement in the rehabilitation process, but the concept has different faces. It has been established that motivation is close related to the level of commitment of different activities of the rehabilitation. The ability to private action and influence in the decisions where the clients were involved has also played a part for the participation of the individual. Furthermore all clients had a strong sense of belonging.</p>

<p>This thesis investigates the crucial problem of collision avoidance for autonomous vehicles.  An anti-collision system for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is studied in particular. The purpose of this system is to make sure that the own vehicle avoids collision with other aircraft in mid-air. The sensor used to track any possible threat is for a UAV limited basically to a digital video camera. This sensor can only measure the direction to an intruding vehicle, not the range, and is therefore denoted an angle-only sensor. To estimate the position and velocity of the intruder a tracking system, based on an extended Kalman filter, is used. State estimates supplied by this system are very uncertain due to the difficulties of angle-only tracking. Probabilistic methods are therefore required for risk calculation. The risk assessment module is one of the essential parts of the collision avoidance system and has the purpose of continuously evaluating the risk for collision. To do this in a probabilistic way, it is necessary to assume a probability distribution for the tracking system output. A common approach is to assume normality, more out of habit than on actual grounds. This thesis investigates the normality assumption, and it is found that the tracking output rapidly converge towards a good normal distribution approximation. The thesis furthermore investigates the actual risk assessment module to find out how the collision risk should be determined. The traditional way to do this is to focus on a critical time point (time of closest point of approach, time of maximum collision risk etc.). A recently proposed alternative is to evaluate the risk over a horizon of time. The difference between these two concepts is evaluated. An approximate computational method for integrated risk, suitable for real-time implementations, is also validated. It is shown that the risk seen over a horizon of time is much more robust to estimation accuracy than the risk from a critical time point. The integrated risk also gives a more intuitively correct result, which makes it possible to implement the risk assessment module with a direct connection to specified aviation safety rules.</p>

<p>In what ways can outdoor education be used when teaching immigrants the language of their new country? There is aneed to both concretise grammar teaching and diversify teaching methods to bring language acquisition closer to reallife situations. By using action research a collaborative study was made with four Finnish teachers in four immigrantlanguage classes by implementing a series of lessons using outdoor education. Focussing on the teacher’s experiencequalitative interviews were conducted both before and after the collaborative outdoor lessons. This was supported byobservation and student verbal and written evaluation.</p><p>Both positive and negative aspects of outdoor education were explored in relation to how effective it is as a teachingmethod and as a method of cultural assimilation and group socialisation.</p><p>Outdoor education was found to support a sense of group inclusion and strengthen collective group experience.Difficult concepts were dealt with in a more tangible manner which specifically benefited weaker students. Byexploring the unfamiliar as a group in a supportive environment constructive outcomes were gained. Being outdoorsand using natural materials democratised the cultural meeting. Peer collaboration was demanding but fruitful andshould be used more as a developmental tool in education.</p>

<p>Magnetic Resonance Imaging is an established technology for both imaging and</p><p>functional studies in clinical and research environments. The field is still very</p><p>research intense. Two major research areas are acquisition time and signal quality.</p><p>The last decade has provided tools for more efficient possibilities of trading these</p><p>factors against each other through parallel imaging.</p><p>In this thesis one parallel imaging method, Sensitivity Encoding for fast</p><p>MRI (SENSE) is examined. An alternative solution CCASENSE is developed.</p><p>CCASENSE reduces the acquisition time by estimating the sensitivity maps required</p><p>for SENSE to work instead of running a reference scan. The estimation</p><p>process is done by Blind Source Separation through Canonical Correlation Analysis.</p><p>It is shown that CCASENSE appears to estimate the sensitivity maps better</p><p>than ICASENSE which is a similar algorithm.</p>

<p>I en obemannad flygfarkost måste datorer ta över pilotens förmåga att värdera risker och undvika kollisioner. På algoritmnivå brukar man dela in problemet i tre delar: Upptäckt och estimering av inblandade farkosters positioner och hastigheter, kollisionsriskberäkning och slutligen undanmanöver.</p><p>Saabs arbete med obemannade farkoster har tidigare berört kollisionsundvikning lite ytligt men nu börjat på större allvar. Det här examensarbetet är en del i denna satsning och har resulterat i ett sätt att beräkna kollisionsrisken samt ett sätt att beräkna en undanmanöver, givet att de inblandade farkosternas positioner och hastigheter är kända. </p><p>I examensarbetet behandlas parvisa kollisionsscenarier mellan ickekommunicerande farkoster givet två olika fall. Dels där den främmande farkostens position skattats väl, dels där den främmande farkostens position skattats sämre. En enkel simuleringsmiljö har utvecklats, där två algoritmer för beräknandet av kollisionsrisken, en för varje fall, testats samtidigt som undanmanövern testats för en mängd kollisionsscenarier. Givet att den främmande farkostens position skattats väl behöver den obemannade farkosten cirka 6 s på sig för att kunna undvika en kollision. I fallet där den främmande farkostens position skattats sämre kan vi beräkna kollisionsrisken och i vissa fall sluta oss till hur farkosterna är orienterade och därigenom göra ett undanmanöverval.</p> / <p>Saabs work with unmanned aerial vehicles has only scratched the surface of collision avoidance, but is now advancing. This master thesis sheds light on some parts of the collision avoidance problem and has resulted in an innovative way to calculate the risk of collision and a way to determine an avoidance maneuver.</p><p>In this master thesis collision scenarios between non-communicating vehicles are being looked upon in pairs, given two different sets of data. Good estimates of the unknown vehicles position and unsatisfying position estimate. Through the development of a simple simulation environment, two algorithms, one for each set of data, has been tested simultaneously with tests of the collision avoidance maneuver for several collision scenarios. Given a good estimate of the unknown aerial vehicles position, the unmanned vehicle need approximately 6 seconds to act to avoid a collision. For the case with unsatisfactory estimate of the unknown vehicle the risk of collision can be calculated and in some cases the orientation of the aerial vehicles and thus a choice of avoidance maneuver can be made.</p>

<p>Ubiquitous computing (Ubicomp) increases in proliferation. Multiple and ever growing in numbers, computational devices are now at the users' disposal throughout the physical environment, while simultaneously being effectively invisible. Consequently, a significant challenge is service discovery. Services may for instance be physical, such as printing a document, or virtual, such as communicating information. The existing solutions, such as Bluetooth and UPnP, address part of the issue, specifically low-level physical interconnectivity. Still absent are solutions for high-level challenges, such as connecting users with appropriate services. In order to provide appropriate service offerings, service discovery in Ubicomp must take the users' context, tasks, goals, intentions, and available resources into consideration. It is possible to divide the high-level service-discovery issue into two parts; inadequate service models, and insufficient common-sense models of human activities.</p><p>This thesis contributes to service discovery in Ubicomp, by arguing that in order to meet these high-level challenges, a new layer is required. Furthermore, the thesis presents a prototype implementation of this new service-discovery architecture and model. The architecture consists of hardware, ontology-layer, and common-sense-layer. This work addresses the ontology and common-sense layers. Subsequently, implementation is divided into two parts; Oden and Magubi. Oden addresses the issue of inadequate service models through a combination of service-ontologies in concert with logical reasoning engines, and Magubi addresses the issue of insufficient common-sense models of human activities, by using common sense models in combination with rule engines. The synthesis of these two stages enables the system to reason about services, devices, and user expectations, as well as to make suitable connections to satisfy the users' overall goal.</p><p>Designing common-sense models and service ontologies for a Ubicomp environment is a non-trivial task. Despite this, we believe that if correctly done, it might be possible to reuse at least part of the knowledge in different situations. With the ability to reason about services and human activities it is possible to decide if, how, and where to present the services to the users. The solution is intended to off-load users in diverse Ubicomp environments as well as provide a more relevant service discovery.</p> / Report code: LiU-Tek-Lic-2007:14.

<p>This thesis is based on thirteen qualitative interviews with civil servants and politicians. The purpose of the study is to research these informants’ attitudes towards integration and their reflections about immigrants’ lower chances in an ethnically segregated housing and labour market. The theoretical frame of references is based on social constructionism and focuses on including and excluding power structures. The empirical material provides both structural and cultural explanations to immigrants’ problems as regards inclusion in Swedish society. The informants talk about integration as a mutual process and emphasise everybody’s responsibility. Despite this interpretation, comprehensions based on imagined differences between immigrants and natives appear, as well as immigrants’ losses in language, educational background and unequal gender structures. These common sense understandings may conceal unequal structures and discriminating practices in Swedish society.</p>

<p><strong>Syftet</strong> med litteraturstudien var att beskriva vad starkt respektive svagt KASAM betyder för livskvalitet, välbefinnande och hälsa bland äldre (60 år och äldre). Studien designades med en deskriptiv ansats. <strong>Metoden</strong> var att systematiskt söka litteratur i databaserna; Medline, CINAHL samt Vård i Norden, detta kompletterades även med manuella sökningar. Femton artiklar som motsvarade syftet och inklusionskriterierna granskades och analyserades. <strong>Resultatet</strong> visade att KASAM hade signifikanta samband med de äldres upplevda livskvalitet, välbefinnande och hälsa. Antalet sjukdomar och fysiska begränsningar hade en liten inverkan på de äldre om de hade ett starkt KASAM, då KASAM hade ett svagt samband med den objektiva hälsan och ett starkt samband med den subjektiva hälsan. KASAM var den faktor som bäst förutsåg hur de äldre upplevde sin livssituation. De äldre som hade ett starkt KASAM upplevde även tillfredställande socialt stöd, som hade en stor inverkan på deras välbefinnande. De äldre med svagt KASAM hade även låg livskvalitet och försämrat allmäntillstånd. <strong>Slutsatsen</strong> var att om vårdpersonal kan stärka de äldres KASAM kommer även de äldres livskvalitet, välbefinnande och hälsa förbättras.</p>

<p>Begreppet kommunikativa upplevelser kommer i denna uppsats att användas i sammanhanget om hur Volvo använder sig av dem i sin varumärkeskommunikation samt vad som kommuniceras. Det kommer även att appliceras på kundperspektivet då det beskriver hur individer uppfattar företags utsända kommunikation.</p><p>Uppsatsens syfte är att analysera innehållet, budskapet och utformningen av Volvos marknadskommunikation i Nordamerika för att diskutera hur begreppet kommunikativa sinnesupplevelser framställer vad varumärket står för. Samtidigt ska jag undersöka hur individer som exponerats av Volvos markandskommunikation uppfattar den och hur de ser på Volvo som varumärke.</p><p>I mitt forskningsarbete har jag använt mig av tre kvalitativa metoder för att samla in data: Intervju med John Maloney Vice president för Volvos marknadskommunikation Nordamerika, deltagande observation hos en Volvoåterförsäljare i Minneapolis, fokusgrupp diskuterande reklamfilmer från Volvo.</p><p>Då det inte finns någon teori genererad för mitt nyfunna begrepp har jag valt att bygga en teoretisk ram på närliggande begrepp. I basen har jag valt att visa teorier gällande marknadskommunikation och traditionell marknadsföring. Jag har sedan valt att utveckla med flera nytänkande perspektiv i marknadsföringen där påverkan genom upplevelser, sinnen och servicelandskapet diskuteras Mitt syfte med uppsatsen är att analysera kommunikativa sinnesupplevelsers roll i Volvos varumärkesbyggande därför anser jag det relevant att diskutera teorier gällande varumärken och hur våra sinnen kan påverka upplevelsen av varumärken.</p><p>Volvo kodar meddelande i symboler som sedan sänds i exempelvis TV-reklam, kunden avkodar dem och upplever kommunikativa sinnesupplevelser som skapar känslor vilka ger en uppfattning av varumärket och organisationen. Individer exponerade av Volvos marknadskommunikation uppfattar till största del budskapet Volvo sänder. På plats i Volvos servicelandskap upplevs inte den kvalitativa känsla deras externa marknadsföring kommunicerat. Deras kärnvärden är inte heller alla representerade för kunderna att uppleva. Dock fanns på plats kunnig personal som beskrev vad Volvo som organisation arbetar för.</p>

<p>Purpose: Our aim is to get an insight on how home care workers experience, handle and looks upon their work. We also want to form an opinion of how home care workers experience the relationship to the clients they meet.</p><p>Questions: How does home care workers experience their daily work with their clients? Home care workers daily meet many different sorts of clients with different needs, how do they handle this? What kind of support does home care workers get in their work?</p><p>Method: A qualitative design with semistructured interviews.</p><p>Conclusion: The most central conclusion from all of our interviews were: that home care service workers has a very stressful and demanding occupation, that the work has a low status, that the personnel has a big responsibility for the wellbeing of other people and that they often find their work satisfying and fun. To have someone to talk to and exchange ideas with was also mentioned by the informants as a vital part of feeling support in their work. From the Antonovskys theory, a sense of coherence, and Goffmans views of the society, we also find that the larger part of our informants feel a high sense of coherence and that when they have to adjust to their different caretakers they play different roles.</p>