Tyrimo tikslas: Ištirti gydytojų psichikos sveikatą, vidinę darną, suicidiškumo ir nuostata savižudybės atžvilgiu ypatumus. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1. įvertinti ir palyginti gydytojų psichikos sveikatą ir jos aspektus pagal socialinius demografinius duomenis. 2. ištirti gydytojų psichikos sveikatą ir jos aspektus lyginant pagal specialybę. 3. išnagrinėti gydytojų psichikos sveikatą lyginant pagal vidinės darnos lygį. 4. įvertinti ir išnagrinėti gydytojų suicidiškumą bei nuostatas į savižudybę lyginant pagal socialinius demografinius duomenis. 5. palyginti gydytojų suicidiškumą bei nuostatas į savižudybę pagal specialybę. 6. palyginti gydytojų suicidiškumą bei nuostatas į savižudybę pagal vidinės darnos lygį. 7. įvertinti ir palyginti gydytojų vidinę darną ir jos komponentus pagal socialinius demografinius duomenis. 8. išanalizuoti gydytojų vidinės darnos ir jos komponentų lygį lyginant pagal specialybę. 9. išnagrinėti gydytojų psichikos sveikatos ir suicidiškumo, tarpusavio ryšį. 10. ištirti ryšį tarp psichikos sveikatos ir nuostatų savižudybės atžvilgiu Darbo metodai: Mokslinės literatūros analizė, anketinė apklausa, statistinių duomenų analizė. Tyrime dalyvavo: 78 onkologai, 63 bendrosios praktikos gydytojai ir 63 psichiatrai. Tyrimo rezultatai: Tyrimo rezultatai patvirtino mūsų hipotezę, gydytojai, pasižymintys blogesne psichikos sveikata, žemesne vidine darna, turi teigiamą nuostatą savižudybės atžvilgiu bei turi suicidiškumo požymių (yra linkę pritarti savižudybei)... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Goal of the research: To analyze peculiarities of the doctors’ mental health, sense of coherence and attitude towards suicide. Tasks of the analysis research: 1. To estimate and compare the doctors' mental health and it‘s aspects according to social data and demographics. 2. To investigate the doctors' mental health comparing by the specialties. 3. To examine the doctors' mental health comparing by the level of sense of coherence. 4. To estimate and examine the doctors' suicidity and attitudes towards suicide comparing by social data and demographics. 5. To compare doctors' suicidity and attitudes towards suicide according to specialty. 6. To compare doctors' suicidity and attitudes towards suicide according to the level of sense of coherence. 7. To estimate and compare the doctors' sense of coherence and it‘s components according to social data and demographics. 8. To analyze doctors' sense of coherence and it‘s components according to specialty. 9. To examine correlation between the doctors' mental health and suicidity. 10. To investigate correlation between mental health and attitude towards suicide. Research methods: Analysis of scientific literature, survey with questionnaires, analysis of statistical data. Research participants: 78 oncologists, 78 general practitioners and 78 psychiatrists. Results of the research: Our hypothesis was being confirmed by the results, the doctors of worse mental health and lower sense of coherence have positive... [to full text]

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The relationships that people have with their work, and the difficulties that can arise when those relationships turn sour, have been long recognised as a significant phenomenon of the modem age. The use of the term burnout for this phenomenon began to appear with some regularity in the 1970s in the United States, especially among people working in the human services. Burnout can be expected amongst engineers, technicians and electricians, due to the integration of their work activities and the quality of support received from their supervisors or managers as well as from other departments. Front line staff can be expected to experience higher levels of burnout, because of their direct contact with difficult customers (cut-offs due to non-payments, for instance), certain job demands (restoration of power interruptions), staff shortages, training of new staff, and so on. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between burnout, job stress, sense of coherence and coping of engineers, technicians and electricians in a South African electricity distribution organisation. A cross-sectional survey design was used. The study population consisted of 38 engineers, 86 technicians and 91 electricians. Four questionnaires were used, namely the Maslach Burnout Inventory - General Survey, a Job Stress Questionnaire, the Orientation to Life Questionnaire and COPE. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the results. The results showed that stress because of job demands, lack of support, supervision and transformation, as well as a weak sense of coherence predicted exhaustion. Exhaustion and avoidance predicted cynicism. A causal sequence was found between sense of coherence, job stress and exhaustion. Active coping moderated the effect of sense of coherence on professional efficacy. Employees with a lower job grade show higher levels of cynicism and lower levels of professional efficacy compared with those with a higher job grade. An explanation might be that the lower job grades lack the necessary coping skills. Therefore, it seems that employees who have a weak sense of coherence are inclined to suffer from job stress, which will lead to exhaustion. Sense of coherence and the use of active coping strategies seem to contribute to the professional efficacy of employees, which may lead to health-enhancing behaviours and better social adjustments. Job stress impacts on exhaustion and sense of coherence, and a strong sense of coherence moderates the effects of job stress on exhaustion. Sense of coherence also protects employees from developing low professional efficacy. Active coping strategies moderate the effects of sense of coherence on professional efficacy. Avoidance as a coping strategy mediated the relationship between sense of coherence and cynicism. Recommendations for future research were made. / Thesis (M.A. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

The aim of the research was to design and assess the effectiveness of a hope enhancement programme for a group of adults and the resulting influence on their general psychological well-being. The purpose of the programme was to increase hope, as conceptualised by Snyder et al. (1991), by enhancing participants' abilities to set feasible goals, planning ways to reach those goals (pathways) and increasing determination and motivation (agency) towards goal achievement. The workshop-format programme, presented by the researcher, consisted of six two-hour sessions spread over five days. The programme was developed through incorporating suggestions from existing Hope literature together with health psychological and positive psychology principles. In order to determine the impact of the programme, four measurement instruments were used, namely the Hope Scale, the Hunter Opinions and Personal Expectations Scale (HOPES), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and the Sense of Coherence scale (SOC-29). A pre and post-test design included an experimental group (n = 8), control group (n = 8) and 'chat' group (n = 8). Prior to group compilation, screening interviews were conducted with interested participants to exclude those who had recently experienced trauma or displayed overt signs of psychological pathology. The control group received no intervention, while the 'chat' group, of which the researcher was also a member, was allowed to discuss topics of their choosing. The study groups comprised both men and women of different ages and socio-economic status. All participants were White and Afrikaans speaking. Descriptive statistics, psychometric analysis of the measuring instruments and significant differences between groups were calculated with the assistance of the STATISTICA (version 6) computer programme (Statsoft Inc., 2003). Reliability indices compared well with those recorded in the literature for the various scales. For the experimental group, the findings indicated an increase in the hope levels as reflected by significant improvement on the Hope Scale and the Hopefulness subscale of the HOPES. Subjective feedback from the group confirmed these findings. Psychological well-being improved, as shown by a significant increase in Sense of Coherence (SOC-29) along with a positive change in Satisfaction with Life (SWLS). Neither the control nor experimental groups revealed any significant changes. It was established that the hope enhancement programme is effective in increasing the levels of hope and general psychological well-being of a group of adults relatively free of psychological pathology. Considering the findings, it is recommended that future wellness intervention should not focus solely on individuals with established psychological pathology, but also consider a preventative approach within the average population. / Thesis (M.A. (Clinical Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.

The impact of change on organisations and the transforming role of the protection services member means that protection services members perform under more stress than members of almost any other profession. They are human and experience the same or sometimes more severe forms of depression, anxiety and other symptoms than other people. The objectives of this study were to determine the construct validity and internal consistency of the MBI-GS, UWES, OTLQ and Health subscales of the ASSET for protection services members. The relationship between work wellness, sense of coherence and health and the development of a model of work wellness for protection services members was determined. The research method consists of a literature review and an empirical study using a cross-sectional survey design to collect data. An availability sample (N = 341) from protection services members was taken. The Maslach Burnout Inventory - General Survey (MI-GS), Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES), Orientation to Life Questionnaire (OTLQ), Health subscales of the ASSET and a Biographical questionnaire were administered. The statistical analysis was carried out with the help of the SPSS-programme and AMOS. The statistical methods utilised in the article consisted of descriptive statistics, Cronbach alpha coefficients, exploratory factor analysis, Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients and structural equation modelling methods. Exploratory factor analysis confirmed a two-factor model of work engagement, consisting of vigour/dedication and absorption. In previous research of protection services members, two factors in the MBI-GS could also be extracted, namely, burnout and professional efficacy. The MBI-GS and UWES both showed acceptable internal consistencies. Construct equivalence for different language groups was confirmed for the MBI-GS and UWES. vii Product-moment correlation coefficients showed significant negative correlations between Burnout and Vigour/Dedication, Burnout and Sense of Coherence, Sense of Coherence and Physical Health, Sense of Coherence and Psychological Health. There were significant positive correlations between Physical Health and Psychological Health, Professional Efficacy and Vigour/Dedication, Professional Efficacy and Absorption, Vigour/Dedication and Absorption and lastly Physical Health and Psychological Health. A causal model of work wellness was developed. The first two hypothesis were accepted: Work Wellness consists of Burnout and Work Engagement and high levels of burnout may result in either physical of psychological health problems. The third hypothesis was only partially accepted: the path coefficient from Sense of Coherence to Work Wellness and I11 Health is significant. Sense of Coherence partially mediated the impact of Burnout as part of Work Wellness on Ill Health. The path coefficient from Sense of Coherence to Ill Health was also found to be significant, indicating that higher levels of Sense of Coherence can result in fewer health problems. Recommendations for future research were made. / Thesis (M.A. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.

A growing economy demands a skilled workforce, and the reality of the situation in South Africa is that, due to former apartheid policies and job reservation, there are large numbers of unemployed people with little hope of employment in the formal sector because they lack skills and experience. The National Skills Development and the Skills Development Levy Act gave rise to the development of the National Skills Development Strategy (NSDS). The NSDS is now entering its second five-year cycle with the scoreboard reflecting both gains and challenges for Sector Education Training Authorities (SETAs) as the primary delivery institutions of the NSDS. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between job demands and job resources and the work wellness of employees in SETAs, using a cross-sectional survey design. The survey consisted of 159 SETA employees in South Africa. The Maslach Burnout Inventory - General Survey, the Utrecht Work engagement Scale, the ASSET (An Organizational Stress Screening Evaluation Tool) and the Orientation to Life Questionnaire, were administered. Descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analyses, Pearson correlations and structural equation modelling were used to analyse the data. The results of this study confirmed the construct validity and reliability of the scales which were employed to measure work-related well-being. Furthermore, the results showed that overload predict exhaustion. Cynicism was best predicted by a lack of resources (specifically growth opportunities and lack of organisational support) and a weak sense of coherence. Vigour and dedication were predicted by growth opportunities, organisational support and a strong sense of coherence Exhaustion predicted physical ill-health, while both exhaustion and cynicism contributed to psychological ill-health. Affective organisational commitment was predicted by vigour and dedication, while behavioural organisational commitment was predicted by high vigour and low exhaustion. Recommendations for SETAs and future research were made / Thesis (M.Com. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.

The overall aim of this study is to explore the subjective experiences of psychotherapeutic interventions and the sense-making process in a group of persons paralysed as a consequence of violence-related gunshot injury. An available and purposive sample of ten participants was selected from public and private hospitals in and around Johannesburg, and from the Association for the Physically Disabled in South Africa. Three females and seven males, between the ages of 26 and 43 years, took part in the research. The participants had all suffered penetrative damage to the spinal cord in the thoracic region as a result of violence related gunshot injury, and are therefore classified as having paraplegia The participants' gunshot injuries had been sustained in incidents ranging from attempted hijacking and armed robbery, to being caught in crime-related crossfire. In-depth interviews were conducted with the participants. A narrative approach was used to examine participants' unique stories, utilising a systematic form of narrative analysis. The thesis consists of three articles, namely 1) The subjective experience of psychotherapeutic interventions in the rehabilitation of persons paralysed as a result of violence-related gunshot injuries; 2) Making sense of paraplegia caused by violence-related gunshot injury; and 3) Therapeutic guidelines for the management of persons paralysed as a result of violence-related gunshot injuries. The findings of article 1 reveal that paraplegic persons had both positive and negative experiences during their hospital rehabilitation. Ultimately, however, positive experiences compensated for negative experiences. This suggests that in the absence of psychotherapeutic interventions, psychosocial adjustment may possibly not be facilitated. The second article indicates that although several barriers prevented participants from making sense of their trauma, meaningful relationships, spiritual growth and a greater appreciation of the value of life were still possible. in the final article guidelines were put forward that include meeting the holistic and adjustment needs of paraplegic persons. Future research is suggested and limitations acknowledged. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.

Summary Mental health – it is mental and social wealth of person, that ensures proper physical, intellectual and emotional communication which doesn’t prevent the development of other people (Dictionary of Sport Terms, 2002). Mental health is defined by three fundamental components: sense of harmony, self-control, and stress level. Problem in question: Whether instruments of psychological influence are efficient to the development of students’ mental health while exercising? Hypothesis: we presume that instruments of psychological influence positively affect the students’, who play basketball, mental health. Object: Peculiarities of thirteen-year-old students’ who play basketball, mental health training using instruments of psychological influence. Goal of research: Identify the peculiarities of thirteen-year-old students’ who play basketball, mental health training using instruments of psychological influence. Tasks: Disclose the mental health of thirteen-year-old students, who play basketball, before the experiment and after its completion; evaluate the students’ sense of harmony before the experiment and after its completion; evaluate the level of students’ self-control before the experiment and after its completion; define the level of students’ stress before the experiment and after its completion. Results and findings: Results of mental health in control and experimental students’ groups statistically didn’t differ significantly (p>0.05) before experiment. Level of... [to full text]

Temos aktualumas, naujumas: muzikinis ugdymas — sudėtingas ir ilgalaikis psichologinis, meninis, pedagoginis procesas, reikalaujantis iš mokinio dvasinių, fizinių, intelektualinių bei valios pastangų. Vaikai ryškiai skiriasi vienas nuo kito muzikinių įgūdžių, nuostatų, interesų bei patirties požiūriu. Mokslinėje literatūroje pateikiama nemažai metodikų, kaip reikia mokyti vaikus skambinti fortepijonu, nemažai yra atlikta ir tyrimų šia linkme, tačiau įvairių muzikinių gebėjimų mokinių mokymas skambinti fortepijonu pradiniame mokymo etape ir jo reikšmė tolesnei pianisto veiklai yra mažai tyrinėta. Problema: dėl skirtingų pažintinės ir fiziologinės raidos ypatumų vyresniojo priešmokyklinio amžiaus vaikų mokymas skambinti fortepijonu pradiniame etape privalo būti individualus. Tyrimo objektas: priešmokyklinės klasės vaikų mokymas skambinti fortepijonu pradiniame etape. Tyrimo tikslas: ištirti, kokį poveikį pianisto mokymui turi specialus mokymas pradiniame etape. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 3. Apžvelgti mokslinę, pedagoginę literatūrą apie vyresniojo ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikų psichologines ir fiziologines ypatybes, pradinio mokymo skambinti fortepijonu metodiką. 4. Atskleisti tyrimo metu vyresniojo ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikų specialaus mokymo skambinti fortepijonu pradiniame etape ypatumus. Tyrimo hipotezė: pradedančiojo pianisto mokymas tampa efektyvesnis, kai pradiniame mokymo etape yra taikomas individualusis mokymas. Tyrimo metodika: tyrimo metu buvo stebimi trys Vilniaus raj... [to full text] / The actuality and novelty of the topic: musical education is one of the difficult and longterm pedagogical, artistic and phychological process, which demands spiritual, physical and intellectual attempts from a learner. Children differ one from another in their musical skills, attitude to learning, interests and experience. In the scientific literature there are a lot of methods how to teach children to play the piano, there are also a lot of surveys in this area. Although teaching children with different musical abilities to play the piano and its meaning to their further pianist’s practice is searched not much. Problem: because of the differences in psychological development of a older preschool age children teaching them to play the piano must be individual. Subject: teaching preschool age children to play the piano at the primary stage. Goal: to find out what influence on a pianist education has special teaching at the primary stage. Objects: 1. Study the methods of teaching to play the piano at the primary stage, which are represented in the pedagogical literature about preschool age children psychological and physical features. 2. Display the older preschool age children peculiarities while teaching them to play the piano at the primary stage. Hypothesis: The teaching of a pianist-beginner becomes more effective, if the teaching process at the primary stage is individual. Study methods: during the survey three preschool forms of Rudamina Artist Training School... [to full text]

Aim The aim of this study has been to examine how health enhancement teachers in Montana, USA, view the value of physical activity from a lifelong perspective. In what way does the health enhancement teacher think the importance of physical activity from a lifelong perspective could be presented? What resources are available for teachers to present the value of physical activity from a lifelong perspective? Method The issue has been answered through qualitative interviews consisting of six health enhancement teachers, four women and two men, in Montana, USA. One of the teachers worked at an elementary school (for 30 years), three teachers worked at middle schools (20, 10 and 8 years of work experience) and two of the teachers interviewed worked at a high school (30 and 3 years).   Results The majority of teachers feel that a wide variety of activities, adapted to an individual level, and the understanding of a healthy lifestyle are important in order for the teacher to present the value of physical activity from a lifelong perspective. The teachers felt they had sufficient material in order to present the value of physical activity, where the school budget provided the teachers with materials every year. In addition to the budget, all the teachers had 12 hours of professional development every year where they could attend conferences or their own choice of professional development. Conclusion With the help in forms of professional development offered by the school, conferences, meeting with other teachers, and their own choice of development, the teachers instruction techniques could increase which could help the teachers to find the pupils’ interest for different kinds of physical activities. Keywords Physical education and health, physical activity, SOC, sense of coherence. / Syfte och frågeställningar Syftet med studien har varit att undersöka hur lärare, i ämnet idrott och hälsa på skolor i Montana, USA, ser på värdet av fysisk aktivitet i ett livslångt perspektiv. På vilket sätt anser läraren i idrott och hälsa att vikten av fysisk aktivitet i ett livslångt perspektiv kan förmedlas till eleverna?  Vilka hjälpmedel finns till förfogande för läraren att förmedla värdet av fysisk aktivitet i ett livslångt perspektiv? Metod Frågeställningen har besvarats genom kvalitativa intervjuer gjorda på sex lärare, i ämnet idrott och hälsa, i Montana, USA. Lärarna som medverkade bestod av fyra kvinnor och två män. En lärare arbetade på låg- och mellanstadiet (30 år som lärare), tre lärare på högstadiet (20, 10 respektive 8 år som lärare) samt två lärare på gymnasienivå (30 respektive 3 år inom yrket). Resultat Majoriteten av lärarna ansåg att en bred variation av aktiviteter, anpassning till individnivå samt kunskaper om en hälsosam livsstil är viktiga medel för att kunna förmedla vikten av fysisk aktivitet i ett livslångt perspektiv. Lärarna ansåg sig ha tillräckligt med hjälpmedel, i form av utrustning, för att förmedla värdet av fysisk aktivitet, där skolans budget erbjuder lärarna att inhandla material varje år. Utöver budgeten hade samtliga lärare 12 timmar av professionell utveckling varje år i form av konferencer eller annan egen vald professionell utveckling. Slutsats Med hjälp av de hjälpmedel som skolan erbjuder i form av konferenser, samtal med andra lärare samt egna valda alternativ för utveckling, kan lärarens undervisning förbättras och på sätt fånga fler elevers intressen. Nyckelord Idrott och hälsa, fysisk aktivitet, KASAM, känsla av sammanhang.