Orientadores: Veronica Andrea Gonzales-Lopez, Laura Leticia Ramos Rifo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matematica, Estatistica e Computação Cientifica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T04:30:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SantosJunior_JamesDeanOliveirados_M.pdf: 1844173 bytes, checksum: 122644f8bc0dedaaa7d7633d9b25eb9c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Em inferência bayesiana lidamos com informações provenientes dos dados e com informações a priori. Eventualmente, um ou mais outliers podem causar um conflito entre as fontes de informação. Basica!llente, resolver um conflito entre as fontes de informações implica em encontrar um conjunto de restrições tais que uma das fontes domine, em certo sentido, as demais. Têm-se utilizado na literatura distribuições amplamente aceitas como sendo de cauda pesada para este fim. Neste trabalho, mostramos as relações existentes entre alguns resultados da teoria de conflitos e as distribuições de caudas pesadas. Também mostramos como podemos resolver conflitos no caso locação utilizando modelos subexponenciais e como utilizar a medida credence para resolver problemas no caso escala / Abstract: In bayesian inference we deal with information proceeding from the data and prior information. Eventually, one ar more outliers can cause a conflict between the sources information. Basically, to decide a conflict between the sources of information implies in finding a set of restrictions such that one of the sources dominates, in certain sense, the outher. Widely distributions have been used in literature as being of heavy tailed for this end. In this work, we show the relations between some results of the theory of conflicts and the heavy tailed distributions. Also we show how we can decide a conflicts in the location case using subexponential models and how to use the measure credence to decide problems in the scale case / Mestrado / Inferencia Bayesiana / Mestre em Estatística

Com o advento da agricultura ampliou-se a produção alimentar e os bens de consumo, no entanto, os riscos ambientais também foram maximizados em função da adoção de técnicas produtivas baseadas no uso intensivo de insumos agrícolas. Esta problemática é mundial, embora mais evidenciada nos países em desenvolvimento e que tem, na produção agrícola, a base de sua economia. O Brasil enquadra-se nesta situação e desde 2009 é considerado o maior consumidor de agrotóxicos do mundo, criando um cenário de risco ambiental e de saúde humana. Os efeitos ambientais, base deste estudo, estão relacionados não somente à perda de espécies não-alvo, uma vez que os agrotóxicos não são seletivos, mas também as alterações em nível ecossistêmico, a qual se relaciona com as perdas das funções e dos serviços gerados pelos sistemas naturais. Adiciona-se a esta complexidade, a forma de ação de cada agrotóxico, a distribuição dos mesmos nos diferentes compartimentos (ar, solo e água), o período de permanência de cada um, as relações sinérgicas decorrentes das interações entre diferentes produtos, a formação de subprodutos no processo de degradação, entre outros fatores, como as diferenças existentes entre o ingrediente ativo e a formulação comercial, na qual existem os chamados ingredientes inertes em sua composição, os quais podem ser muito mais tóxicos para espécies e ecossistemas. Considerando esta abordagem, a presente pesquisa foi desenvolvida com base na realidade de um local de referência, o município de Bom Repouso (MG/BR), no qual a intensificação da produção de morango e batata tem trazido uma série de riscos sociais e ambientais. Semelhante a outras regiões produtivas do país, o uso de agrotóxicos é recorrente, amplo e irrestrito, com destaque para as formulações comerciais Kraft®36EC e Score®250EC, as quais, juntamente com seus respectivos ingredientes ativos (abamectina e difenoconazol), foram avaliadas por meio de testes de toxicidade com espécies de diferentes níveis tróficos representativas de um ecossistema aquático, gerando informações que foram avaliadas em nível de espécie e de ecossistema, simulando o cenário de aplicação dos produtos no local de referência. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir sobre as diferenças de sensibilidade das espécies e quais seriam as mais indicadas para se avaliar os efeitos tóxicos de ambos os agrotóxicos; os efeitos diferenciados entre a formulação comercial e os ingredientes ativos; bem como as respostas em termos de espécies e de ecossistemas, demonstrando a necessidade de que ambas as análises sejam consideradas na avaliação de risco ecológico. / With the advent of agriculture, food production and consumer goods has expanded, however, environmental risks were also maximized due to the adoption of production techniques based on intensive use of agricultural inputs. This worldwide problem is more evident in developing countries which have agricultural production as the basis of its economy. Brazil is into this situation and since 2009 it is considered the largest consumer of the world\'s pesticides, creating a scenario of environmental risk and human health. The environmental effects from this study are related not only to loss of non-targeted species, since pesticides are nonselective, but also changes in the ecosystem level, which relates to the loss of functions and services generated by natural systems. Add to this complexity, the mode of action of each pesticide, their distribution in the different compartments (air, soil and water), the period of stay of each, the synergistic relationships resulting from interactions between different products, the formation of by-products in the process of degradation, among other factors, such as differences between the active ingredient and the commercial formulation in which there are so-called ingredients inert in the composition, which may be more toxic to species and ecosystems. Considering this approach, this research was developed based on the reality of a reference site, the municipality of Bom Repouso (MG/BR), in which the intensification of production of strawberry and potato has brought a series of social and environmental risks. Similar to other productive regions of the country, the use of pesticides is recurrent, widespread and unrestrained, highlighting the commercial formulations Kraft®36EC and Score®250EC, which, along with their active ingredients (abamectin and difenoconazole) have been evaluated by toxicity tests with representative species of different trophic levels of an aquatic ecosystem, generating information that have been evaluated at the species level and ecosystem, simulating the application scenario of the products on the reference location. The results showed differences on the sensitivity of species and what are the most appropriate to evaluate the toxic effects of both pesticides; the differential effects between the commercial formulation and the active ingredients; as well as the responses in terms of species and ecosystems, demonstrating the need for both to be considered in ecological risk assessment.

SUMMARYThe diversity of cancer molecular origins associated with the genetic variability of patients has encouraged the development of chemotherapeutic treatments adapted not only to the target tumor, but also to a specific patient. This personalized strategy is based on cancer biomarkers allowing a better identification and characterization of each tumor where predictive biomarkers provide the distinction between various factors indicative of the response to the treatment. In this context, several studies highlighted the role of the solute carrier transporter family 22 (solute carriers 22 or SLC22) in the uptake of platinum anticancer drugs. This mechanism being not well understood, our work intends to establish the potential role of SLC22 member A18 (SLC22A18) as predictive biomarker in the aim to help to a better targeted chemotherapeutic strategy for each patient. We optimized a system overexpressing SLC22A18 stably or transiently in HeLa cancer cell line. SLC22A18 expression was confirmed by qRT-PCR, western blotting, microscopy and flow cytometry. The cell lines were treated with taxane, anthracyclin, vinca alkaloid and nitrosoureas anticancer drug families. We showed that doxorubicin, camptothecin, chloroquine, tetracycline and carmustin had no effect on the cell viability assays suggesting that they are not substrates of SLC22A18. Interestingly, the cell line was sensitized in the presence of antimitotic drug with a sensitivity factor of 2.7 in the presence of paclitaxel, 1.4 with docetaxel, 1.8 with vinblastin and 2.2 in the presence of vincristine. To confirm these results, we elaborated a SLC22A18 knockdown cell line in HS683 cells using siRNA technology. The downexpression of SLC22A18 was correlated to a tendency to resist to the accumulation of paclitaxel thereby confirming the previous results. Simultaneously, a knockout cell line was established using the transcription activator-like effectors nuclease (TALEN) technology in U373 cell line. Our studies constitute a robust base of knowledge for further investigation on SLC22A18 transporter as a predictive biomarker promoting antimitotic treatment in tumors where this transporter is detected. / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul / Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder of multiple etiologies common in the elderly. With advancing disease, the elderly can develop pathologies that involve the entire peripheral nervous system (SNP), responsible for its damage by causing the polyneuropathy, as which as modify the quality of sensory information necessary for motor control. In this sense, it is necessary to identify risk factors and develop assessments and specific treatments. Objective: To analyze the beneficial effects of physical therapy intervention in elderly diabetic type 2 with 66.28 ± 6.21 years. There by, the dissertation was divided in two articles. Article 1: to evaluate the effects of physical therapy intervention on postural balance of diabetic type 2 elderly on two conditions of support: Romberg and Semi-Tandem. Article 2: aimed to determine the effects of a physical therapy intervention in plantar sensitivity, pain in the lower limbs and in the distribution of plantar pressure loads of elderly diabetic type 2 on two conditions of support: Romberg and Semi-Tandem. Materials and methods: for both studies, participated 21 elderly diabetic type 2 the city of Santa Maria - RS, aged 66.28 ± 6.21 years, divided into two groups: GE (experimental group); GC (control group). For selecting the groups we used the Mini- Mental State Examination (MMSE) and a physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ). To anamnesis used a questionnaire of Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instument (MNSI) and a questionnaire of self-care activities with Diabetes (QAD). The physicaltherapy intervention performed, emphasized sensory stimulation, proprioceptive, landslides, twists and myofascial work in lower limbs (LL), in order to raise adequate responses to pain improvement, sensibility, distribution of pressure loads plantar and postural balance. To obtain the results of both studies was used SPSS for Windows, held the paired t-test / Wilcoxon test and independent t / Mann- Whitney. Article 1: held assessment of postural balance through a force platform AMTI OR6- 6 2000 (Advanced Mechanical Technology, Inc.). The results were statistically significant for the plantar sensitivity (p <0.05). Article 2: evaluation of sensitivity was performed using a set of monofilaments - Semmes Weistein Monofilament Examination (SWME); evaluated the pain in the lower limbs (LL) by Visual Analogue Scale (EVA) and the evaluation of plantar pressure was performed with an barapodometry system -FootWorkPro (Arkipelago). There were significant differences in the sensitivity, pain and distribution of plantar pressure loads. It can be concluded that physical therapy intervention performed, provided stimuli and showed benefits for the elderly. / A diabetes mellitus (DM) é uma desordem metabólica de etiologia múltipla comum na população idosa. Com o avançar da doença, os idosos podem desenvolver patologias que envolvem todo o sistema nervoso periférico (SNP), responsável em seus danos por ocasionar as polineuropatias, que modificam a qualidade das informações sensoriais necessárias ao controle motor. Neste sentido, torna-se necessário identificar fatores de risco e desenvolver avaliações e tratamentos específicos. Objetivo: analisar os efeitos de uma intervenção fisioterapêutica em idosas diabéticas tipo 2 com 66,28±6,21 anos. Desse modo, a dissertação foi dividida em 2 artigos. Artigo 1: objetivou avaliar os efeitos de uma intervenção fisioterapêutica no equilíbrio postural de idosas diabéticas tipo 2 sobre duas condições de apoio: Romberg e Semi-Tandem. Artigo 2: objetivou verificar os efeitos de uma intervenção fisioterapêutica na sensibilidade plantar, na dor de membros inferiores e na distribuição das cargas de pressão plantar de idosas diabéticas tipo 2 sobre duas condições de apoio: Romberg e Semi-Tandem. Materiais e método: para ambos os estudos, participaram 21 idosas diabéticas tipo 2 da cidade de Santa Maria RS, com idades de 66,28±6,21 anos, divididas em dois grupos: GE (Grupo Experimental); GC (Grupo Controle). Para seleção dos grupos foi utilizado o Mini- Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM) e um questionário de atividade física (IPAQ). Para anamnese utilizou-se um questionário de Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instument (MNSI), bem como um questionário de atividades de Autocuidado com a Diabete (QAD). A intervenção fisioterapêutica realizada, enfatizou estimulação sensorial, proprioceptiva, deslizamentos, torções e trabalho miofascial em membros inferiores (MMII), com objetivo de suscitar respostas adequadas à melhora da dor, sensibilidade, distribuição das cargas de pressão plantar e equilíbrio postural. Foi utilizado o SPSS para Windows, realizou-se o Teste t para amostras pareadas/ Wilcoxon e Teste t independente/ Mann-Whitney. Artigo 1: realizou-se avaliação do equilíbrio postural através de uma plataforma de força AMTI OR6-6 2000 (Advanced Mechanical Technology, INC). Os resultados não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas para as variáveis do equilíbrio postural. Artigo 2: foi realizada avaliação da sensibilidade através de um conjunto de monofilamentos - Semmes Weistein Monofilament Examination (SWME); avaliou-se a dor em membros inferiores (MMII) pela Escala Visual Analógica (EVA) e a avaliação da pressão plantar foi realizada com um sistema de baropodometria - FootWorkPro (Arkipelago). Foram encontradas diferenças significativas na sensibilidade, dor e distribuição das cargas de pressão plantar. Pode-se concluir que a intervenção fisioterapêutica realizada, proporcionou estímulos e apresentou benefícios para as idosas.

Les problèmes d’environnement et leur gestion suscitent un ensemble de faits sociaux qui interrogent les relations sociétés/environnement. Le risque d’inondation et plus généralement la gestion de l’eau sont de bons exemples pour analyser ce phénomène. Les tenions générées par les évènements socio-naturels définis par le risque conduisent à identifier des territoires dits « sensibles ». Comment émerge cette sensibilité ? Comment peut-elle s’identifier et comment s’exprime-t-elle ? Cette thèse interroge la notion de sensibilité du point de vue sociologique pour en retenir une définition socio-spatiale. La démarche mise en place a nécessité le recours à la géographie pour mieux considérer la dimension environnementale de l’objet d’étude. La pertinence de la proposition est testée sur le bassin de la Sarthe amont à travers l’analyse de situations générées par le risque d’inondation et le déploiement de sa gestion. Les réactions autour de deux projets d’aménagement de retenue sèche, pour la régulation dynamique des crues, sont plus particulièrement étudiées. En nous appuyant sur le cadre d’analyse des régimes d’engagement (Thévenot, 2006) et particulièrement celui de la justification, nous montrons comment les réactions d’acteurs riverains des cours d’eau se concentrent autour de revendications d’enjeux qui varient selon les secteurs de vallées : demande de protection face au risque dans les secteurs vulnérables ; protection des paysages et maintient des dynamiques locales dans les secteurs amonts. L’analyse des entretiens menés met en évidence que les enjeux se hiérarchisent différemment selon les secteurs. Les revendications antagonistes des acteurs sont sources de tensions et parfois de conflits, qui sont résolues ou non au cours du temps. La mise en relation de la dimension spatiale et de la dimension temporelle, des évènements analysés, permet d’identifier des trajectoires de la sensibilité socio-spatiale. Au final, ce travail montre les difficultés de la mise en partage des territoires de l’eau pour le cas de la gestion du risque d’inondation. / Environmental issues and their managements set off a range of social facts questioning societies/environment relations. Flooding risks, and more generally, water management are relevant examples in order to analyse this phenomenon. Some areas are categorised as sensitive and so because of tensions resulting from socio-natural events which are defined by this risk. Where does this sensibility come from? How can it be identified and how is it expressed? This thesis questions this notion of sensibility from a sociological point of view to eventually take on a socio-spatial definition. This approach required the resort of geography, for a better consideration of the environmental dimension considering the object under study. Through the analysis of situations generated by flooding risk and its management in the Sarthe Bassin is tested the proposal relevance. Main focus will be on the reactions arousing from the development projects of two dry flood barriers- keeping a dynamic control of spates. Considering the analytical frame of the commitment policies (Thévenot, 2006), and more precisely the policy of justification, we point out the way riverside locals' reactions focus on varying claims, according to the different valley areas: request for protection to face flooding risks in vulnerable sectors, protection of the landscapes and finally, that local dynamics are maintained in upstream sectors. The analysis of interviews highlights a different hierarchy among the issues at stakes and so according to the sectors in question. Local actors' antagonistic claims trigger new issues and sometimes conflicts that are not always resolved over time. It leads to an inter-relationship between the spatial and temporal dimensions that enables to identify some trajectories of the socio-spatial sensibility. To conclude, this work illustrates the difficulties concerning the sharing of water territories when the flooding risk management is at stake.

Neste trabalho estudamos as aplicações do método do Gradiente Espectral Projetado (SPG) em Meteorologia nos campos de previsibilidade, estabilidade e sensibilidade. Inicialmente revisamos os Vetores Singulares Lineares (LSVs) e em seguida apresentamos a teoria das Perturbações Condicionais Não-Lineares Ótimas (CNOPs). Enquanto os métodos clássicos estão baseados no Modelo Tangente Linear, as CNOPs são uma formulação do mesmo problema baseado em Programação Não-Linear. As CNOPs são descritas na literatura como responsáveis por melhorias em relação aos métodos anteriores. Finalmente analisamos três exemplos de aplicação do método à problemas de previsibilidade, estabilidade e sensibilidade. / A revision about applications of Spectral Projected Gradient (SPG) in meteorology is done in the fields of predictability, stability and sensitivity. Initially we review about Linear Singular Vectos (LSVs) and we present the Conditional Nonlinear Optimal perturbations (CNOPs). While the classic methods are based on the Tangent Linear Model, CNOPs are another formulation of the problem based on Nonlinear Programming. CNOPs are described in bibliography as responsible by better results than older methods. Finally we analyze three applications in predictability, stability and sensibility.

Por el presente trabajo pretende mostrar como objetivo principal, mostrar los resultados de la valorización económica realizado a la Empresa Minsur S.A. al cierre del período del año 2018. Para llegar a esa meta, se han analizado data histórica de la Empresa, información relacionada a ingresos, gastos e inversiones por un período de acuerdo a la vida útil de las minas, incluyendo supuestos utilizados en las metodologías de valorización con el propósito de sensibilizar los datos obtenidos. Como resultado final, se ha obtenido que el valor fundamental de la Empresa es de miles de USD $ 2,154,042 y el precio por acción es de S/. 1.584, los mismos que se han obtenido utilizando información tanto pública y de la propia Empresa, entre otras fuentes confiables de información, y por supuesto en el uso de herramientas financieras. Finalmente, el valor fundamental obtenido en el presente trabajo es de carácter conservador, debido a que no se está dentro de la misma, la valorización relacionada con nuevos proyectos mineros. Así mismo, en el desarrollo del presente trabajo hubo una ligera volatilidad en el precio de los commodities, con proyecciones basados en pronósticos que indicarían una turbulencia de los mismos en el futuro, de acuerdo a proyecciones del Banco Mundial publicadas en enero del año 2019. / For the present work it intends to show as its main objective, to show the results of the economic valuation made to the Minsur S.A. Company. at the end of the 2018 period. To reach this goal, historical data of the Company, information related to income, expenses and investments for a period according to the useful life of the mines have been analyzed, including assumptions used in the methodologies of recovery in order to sensitize the data obtained. As a final result, it has been obtained that the fundamental value of the Company is USD $ thousand 2,154,042 and the price per share is S /. 1,584, the same ones that have been obtained using both public information and that of the Company itself, among other reliable sources of information, and of course in the use of financial tools. Finally, the fundamental value obtained in this work is of a conservative nature, because it does not include the valuation related to new mining projects. Likewise, in the development of this work there was a slight volatility in the price of commodities, with projections based on forecasts that would indicate turbulence in the future, according to World Bank projections published in January 2019. / Trabajo de investigación

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate Jane Austen’s illumination of Samuel Johnson’s moral precepts in seeking harmony in choice of life. Austen explores the various decisions of her characters and the effects of those choices on happiness through the use of free indirect discourse. Austen and Johnson both contend that marriage is a potential source of great happiness in an individual’s choice of life, and concordia discors between spouses offers the highest form of contentment in marriage. Johnson believed that the novelist had a moral duty to his or her reader to present characters with attainable virtue. Austen’s illumination of Johnson’s moral precepts and philosophies fulfills the standards Johnson set forth for the novel genre. This study traces the relationship between Johnson’s precepts in Austen’s Emma, Persuasion, Pride and Prejudice, and Sense and Sensibility.

[pt] Os fenômenos de autolesão constituem um tema complexo, compreendendo uma enorme variedade de condutas possíveis. De forma geral, trata-se de algum tipo de dano autoinfligido no corpo, com maior ou menor gravide. Essa diversidade de práticas de autoagressão implica a heterogeneidade dos estudos sobre o tema, com diferentes classificações e conceitualizações. Nosso objetivo é analisar a automutilação enquanto cortes superficiais na própria pele e uma decorrente sensação de alívio conferida a um sujeito acometido por uma intensa dor psíquica, sem que haja uma intenção suicida. A presente dissertação pretende promover algumas reflexões acerca das práticas autolesivas enquanto um recurso possível para o indivíduo experimentar vivacidade, isto é, sentir-se vivo diante do excesso de um sofrimento psíquico que não pode ser posto em palavras. Exploraremos, nesse sentido, a importância do registro corporal como fator estruturante do psiquismo, recorrendo a alguns apontamentos sobre a noção de corpo na obra freudiana. Recorreremos também, na teoria de autores pós-freudianos, ao conceito de imagem corporal, que seria parte importante na constituição do Eu, contribuindo para a formação de uma unidade corporal e um sentimento de si. A condição clínica da automutilação parece apontar, no entanto, para um corpo não representado, atravessado pelo excesso pulsional, que prioriza a sensorialidade para se apresentar e se atualizar, em detrimento de uma suposta imagem corporal unificada. Buscaremos, então, na obra de Freud, referências sobre as limitações do campo representacional da linguagem, bem como o papel central que as sensações provenientes do sistema perceptivo podem assumir na constituição psíquica. Traçaremos, por fim, um paralelo entre a vividez sensorial presente no trabalho do sonho e a força sensorial verificada no ato de escarificação, e como ambas podem ser fundamentais na organização psíquica das intensidades experimentadas. / [en] Self-harm phenomena constitute a complex issue, considering a wide range of behaviors that can be related to self-inflicted damage towards one s body, with greater or lesser severity. The diversity of self-aggression practices implies a research heterogeneity on the matter, with different classifications and conceptualizations. Our objective is to analyze self-harm as superficial skin cuts and the ensuing relief sensation experimented by individuals under great psychic pain, without any suicidal intention. This dissertation intends to promote some reflections on self-injurious practices as a possible resource for the individual to experience vivacity, that is, the feeling of being alive while facing the excess of a psychic suffering that cannot be put into words. In this regard, we will explore the importance of the body record as a structuring factor of the psyche, using some notes on the body concept in Freud s work. We will also resort, in the theory of post-Freudian authors, to the concept of body image, which would be an important part in the constitution of the Self, contributing to the formation of a body unity and a feeling of self. The clinical condition of self-mutilation seems to point, however, to an unrepresented body, crossed by instinctual excess, which prioritizes sensoriality to present and update itself, to the detriment of a supposedly unified body image. We will seek, then, in Freud s work, references about the limitations of the language representational field, as well as the central role that sensations from the perceptive system can assume in the psychic constitution. Finally, we will draw a parallel between the sensory vividness present in the dream work and the sensory strength verified in the act of scarification, and how both can be fundamental in the psychic organization of the experimented intensities.

”vivid and fiery”
  Carolina Müller as phenomenon at the Royal Theatre Carolina Müller is identical with the Royal Theatre and she was the first professional female opera singer in Sweden. The audience’s perception of her stage personality and her agency in her portrayal of the title role in C. W. Gluck’s opera Alceste at the Stockholm opera in 1781 will throw light on her quality; her singing and acting style according to the affect she created on stage linked to the age of sensibility. Carolina Müller’s agency constitutes a gap in Swedish theatre history which will be examined in order to reach a better understanding of the structures behind her position. Willmar Sauter’s concept of the theatrical event, but with a feministic perspective on the role of the actress, is used to analyze her performativity, which I characterize as both passionate and sentimental. I use historical descriptive sources to understand her stage personality, and I will look into her performance of Alceste from the perspective of late eighteenth century acting. Secondly, I look into the prescriptive sources linked to Alceste, to examine how her stage personality affected the production, she had a great impact on the creation of the opera characters written for her after her Alceste. Finally, I highlight how the European exchange allowed her to emerge as a phenomenon. Telling her story is a contribution to the history of the prima donnas of the north, and thereby to the field of feminist historiography.  Carolina Müller, Gluck, Alceste, actress, Royal Theatre, phenomenon, stage personality, agency, theatrical event, performativity, sensibility, gaze