Yrkesverksamma inom socialt arbete, däribland kuratorer, löper hög risk att drabbas av långvarig sjukfrånvaro med psykisk diagnos. Tidigare forskning visar att den organisatoriska och sociala arbetsmiljön har en tydlig koppling till arbetsrelaterad psykisk ohälsa. Trots det tenderar interventioner, i syfte att motverka arbetsrelaterad stress, att reduceras till individuella handlingsstrategier. Därför ämnar denna litteraturöversikt att undersöka vad tidigare forskning visar beträffande vilka organisatoriska faktorer som påverkar utbrändhet, och angränsande arbetsrelaterad psykisk ohälsa, bland kuratorer inom hälso- och sjukvården. En kartläggande litteraturöversikt används som metod i syfte att besvara frågeställningarna. Totalt granskades 111 studier, varav 14 inkluderades för en kvalitativ analys. Resultatet visar att hälso- och sjukvårdskuratorer upplevde kollegialt stöd, handledning samt kunskap och erfarenhet som skyddsfaktor mot arbetsrelaterad psykisk ohälsa. Identifierade riskfaktorer i aktuell litteraturöversikt är bristande respekt/värdesättning, icke-ändamålsenliga resurser och motstridigheter vad gäller organisationens riktlinjer/kultur och den professionellas behov/värderingar. Slutsatserna är att såväl risk- som skyddsfaktorer för utbrändhet kan återfinnas på organisatorisk nivå samt att arbetsrelaterad stress, etisk stress, rollstress och STS också kan utvecklas eller reduceras till följd av faktorer inom den organisatoriska kontexten.

Children undergoing investigation by the social services have a right to participate during the process. The social services must accommodate this right according to law. Participation is created when the social worker meets the child, which makes the social worker a significant person when the child’s right to participation is implemented in social work practices. The aim of this study is to examine the experiences social workers employed by child- and family services have in enabling and accommodating children’s participation during investigative social work. The study has two research questions: what forms do child participation take, according to social workers, during investigations conducted by social services and how do social workers enable child participation in their work methods? The study was conducted through the use of qualitative method. The empirical data was collected by interviewing five social workers and the data was analysed through the use of a thematic analysis, prior research and the theoretical framework of Roger A. Hart’s Ladder of Participation. The result showed that child participation was considered important to all informants and that it was essential to make sure the child had the opportunity to express their opinions and receive information about their case. Participation was also accommodated through meetings away from the social office, to aid the child’s sense of security. The result also showed that some factors can become obstacles for child participation. There is resistance towards participation when social workers suspect that the children might be harmed through taking part in an investigation, which makes the use of alternative sources to garner the child’s view seem appropriate. Furthermore, the practice of involving children in decision making was not a certainty. A conclusion is thus that social work practices need to evolve to promote child participation within areas where social workers feel resistance towards participation, such as in protective work and in decision making.

The purpose of the study was to investigate social workers' perceptions of using Signs of Safety in their daily practical work. This in relation to the approach's purpose to put children's safety first. Six semi-structured interviews were conducted with social workers within the child and youth unit of social services in two municipalities. The data was then analyzed through a thematic analysis. Using system theory as the framework, the study found that management support, organizational conditions, education, and supervision were important factors for effective implementation. Furthermore, the study showed that Signs of Safety has helped social workers build alliances with families, increase efficiency and focus, and change their role in relation to the families. The study's key findings highlight the difficulties in shifting mindsets and working methods, as well as how Signs of Safety has contributed to social workers transitioning from authority figures to fellow humans. / Studiens syfte var att undersöka socialsekreterarnas uppfattning av att använda Signs of Safety i det dagliga praktiska arbetet. Detta i förhållande till förhållningssättets syfte att sätta barnens trygghet i centrum. Sex semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med socialsekreterare inom socialtjänstens barn- och ungdomsenhet i två kommuner. Därefter analyserades empirin genom en tematisk analys. Studiens teoretiska utgångspunkt var systemteorin. Studien visade på att stöd från ledningen, organisatoriska förutsättningar, utbildning och handledning har varit viktiga faktorer för att kunna använda förhållningssättet ändamålsenligt. Vidare visade studien att Signs of Safety har bidragit till att socialsekreterarna kunnat skapa allians med familjerna, ökat effektiviteten och fokuset samt fått en förändrad roll gentemot familjerna. Studiens viktigaste fynd handlar om svårigheterna kring att ställa om tanke- och arbetssätt samt hur Signs of Safety bidragit till att socialsekreterarna gått från myndighetsperson till medmänniska.

(in English): The aim of the diploma thesis is to map the form, development and direction of social work in the Central Military Hospital in Prague. In the theoretical part, the diploma thesis deals with the development of social work in the Central Military Hospital, as well as the role of the health and social worker, thein competencies and thein preconditions for the performance of social work in the hospital. The diploma thesis captures the methods of social work used in the Central Military Hospital in Prague and the scope of work of a health and social worker. The practical part of the work finds out how the participating social workers perceive, experience and evaluace the possibilities and processes of social work in ÚVN. This part of the diploma thesis is a qualitative research, carried out by semi-structured interview with persons who are directly involved in the performance of social work, supplemented by case studies.

The aim of this study is to find out the resources and support actions the social services in Stockholm offer women who are abused by men in partnerships and how the social workers experience their room to maneuver in order to help these women. In order to answer the aim of the study, we have analyzed interviews with staff who works in social services, specifically in family violence centers. To interpret our empirical data, we have used four different theories. These are power, empowerment, organizational theory and violence normalization process. The results of the study show that social services offer these abused women two types of aid and support; acute and long term support actions. The emergency/acute interventions are mainly sheltered housing. Long-term assistance efforts include counseling, housing priority, financial assistance and the protection of personal data. The results show that the social workers work is based on different methods and action plans in order to help abused women. Their work builds mainly upon the National Board of health and welfare guidelines and the social services law. However, their work is also based on motivational interviewing, CBT, SOC and empowerment. The results show that there are flaws in their work. Cooperation between various organizations, such as police and medical services are unsatisfactory. Time and resources in terms of money are insufficient to spread the knowledge about the problems and follow-up of cases after the end of a case.

In the service of child protection organisations, where services are focused on the protection of children within the preservation of families, social workers are exposed to the adverse conditions of children and families forming part of their caseload. Social workers must remain objective and make thoughtful decisions in the best interest of children and families, while they themselves might be traumatised by the circumstances of these children and families. Various studies have been done about occupational stress, secondary trauma, compassion fatigue and the role of supervision in this regard. Less is however known about support as a function of supervision for social workers employed by child protection organisations and the social workers’ experience(s) of this support. The aim of this study was to investigate and to descripe, by means of a descriptive qualitative design, social workers employed by child protection organizations' experience of support as function of supervision. For the purpose of this study, the researcher used a purposeful non-probability sampling. Ten social workers from seven child protection organisations within the specific field of child protection were selected according to their willingness to participate. Unstructured, in-depth, one-on-one interviews, with one question to initiate the interview, were conducted with social workers to investigate their experience of the support as function of supervision. During interviews with the individual social workers the researcher made use of observations and field notes as tools for data collection tools. A focus group with eight social workers was also utilised to verify initial findings and to allow for any additional data that would emerge. The first theme deals with participants’ view of support as a function of supervision, which includes receiving guidance and emotional support. Theme two is about participants’ experience of support as a function of supervision in terms of task-oriented as well as emotional support. The third theme that came up was alternative sources of emotional support, including colleagues, external counselors, family members and selfcare. These themes were divided into sub-themes and categories and discussed according to relevant quotations from interviews and literature reviews. Conclusions and recommendations were made according to these results. One of the most important recommendations arising from the findings of the study, is that the support function of supervision should be used more effectively. Social workers and supervisors must develop a greater awareness of the importance to discuss emotions and the dangers of suppressing emotions. Social workers that receive the opportunity to reflect on their emotions, develop a sense of self-worth, appreciation and experience job satisfaction and motivation, which leads to an increase in service quality. / MSW, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

South Africa is faced with a high rate of substance use and sexual abuse among both sexes of adolescents from a wide range of social backgrounds. So many cases have been reported in the Department of Social Development and Special Programmes in Port St Johns. This article shows that the patterns of alcohol use among South African adolescents is cause for concern. The use of substance by adolescents is associated with a range of negative consequences, including the risk of being sexual abused. Many adolescents from the areas surrounding Port St Johns use substances, and as a result they end up engaging in risky sexual activities. Older people take advantage of them, so that many of these adolescents become victims of sexual abuse. Some of them become school drop-outs. As a result, the following effects can develop in these adolescents. * Isolation * Self-blame * Embarrassment The aim of the study was to do case analysis in order to identify adolescents who were sexually abused while being intoxicated so that the social workers can construct empowering programmes to prevent the abuse of substances and also the sexual abuse of these adolescents. Data collection took place by means of case analysis of 15 adolescents. Documents of the adolescents from the case loads of social workers in the Department of Social Development and Special Programmes were used to gain a detailed picture of the themes emerging from adolescents who were sexually abused after the abuse of substances. The results indicated that many adolescents from the areas surrounding Port St Johns use substances and as a result they end up engaging in risky sexual activities. Older people take advantage of them while they are under the influence of a substance, and these adolescents become victims of sexual abuse. / MSW (Forensic Practice), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

In the service of child protection organisations, where services are focused on the protection of children within the preservation of families, social workers are exposed to the adverse conditions of children and families forming part of their caseload. Social workers must remain objective and make thoughtful decisions in the best interest of children and families, while they themselves might be traumatised by the circumstances of these children and families. Various studies have been done about occupational stress, secondary trauma, compassion fatigue and the role of supervision in this regard. Less is however known about support as a function of supervision for social workers employed by child protection organisations and the social workers’ experience(s) of this support. The aim of this study was to investigate and to descripe, by means of a descriptive qualitative design, social workers employed by child protection organizations' experience of support as function of supervision. For the purpose of this study, the researcher used a purposeful non-probability sampling. Ten social workers from seven child protection organisations within the specific field of child protection were selected according to their willingness to participate. Unstructured, in-depth, one-on-one interviews, with one question to initiate the interview, were conducted with social workers to investigate their experience of the support as function of supervision. During interviews with the individual social workers the researcher made use of observations and field notes as tools for data collection tools. A focus group with eight social workers was also utilised to verify initial findings and to allow for any additional data that would emerge. The first theme deals with participants’ view of support as a function of supervision, which includes receiving guidance and emotional support. Theme two is about participants’ experience of support as a function of supervision in terms of task-oriented as well as emotional support. The third theme that came up was alternative sources of emotional support, including colleagues, external counselors, family members and selfcare. These themes were divided into sub-themes and categories and discussed according to relevant quotations from interviews and literature reviews. Conclusions and recommendations were made according to these results. One of the most important recommendations arising from the findings of the study, is that the support function of supervision should be used more effectively. Social workers and supervisors must develop a greater awareness of the importance to discuss emotions and the dangers of suppressing emotions. Social workers that receive the opportunity to reflect on their emotions, develop a sense of self-worth, appreciation and experience job satisfaction and motivation, which leads to an increase in service quality. / MSW, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

South Africa is faced with a high rate of substance use and sexual abuse among both sexes of adolescents from a wide range of social backgrounds. So many cases have been reported in the Department of Social Development and Special Programmes in Port St Johns. This article shows that the patterns of alcohol use among South African adolescents is cause for concern. The use of substance by adolescents is associated with a range of negative consequences, including the risk of being sexual abused. Many adolescents from the areas surrounding Port St Johns use substances, and as a result they end up engaging in risky sexual activities. Older people take advantage of them, so that many of these adolescents become victims of sexual abuse. Some of them become school drop-outs. As a result, the following effects can develop in these adolescents. * Isolation * Self-blame * Embarrassment The aim of the study was to do case analysis in order to identify adolescents who were sexually abused while being intoxicated so that the social workers can construct empowering programmes to prevent the abuse of substances and also the sexual abuse of these adolescents. Data collection took place by means of case analysis of 15 adolescents. Documents of the adolescents from the case loads of social workers in the Department of Social Development and Special Programmes were used to gain a detailed picture of the themes emerging from adolescents who were sexually abused after the abuse of substances. The results indicated that many adolescents from the areas surrounding Port St Johns use substances and as a result they end up engaging in risky sexual activities. Older people take advantage of them while they are under the influence of a substance, and these adolescents become victims of sexual abuse. / MSW (Forensic Practice), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Text in Afrikaans / In hierdie ondersoek word gepoog om 'n regswetenskaplike basis vir "Die Verslag van die Maatskaplike Werker ingevolge artikels 14(4) en 15(1) van die Wet op Kindersorg as 'n Juridies Gefundeerde Hulpmiddel vir die Kinderhof' daar te stel. Die studie fokus onder andere op vroeere wetgewing rakende sekere regte van kinders voor die instelling van kinderhowe in Suid-Afrika, die aard en instelling van die kinderhof, die posisie van kinderhowe binne die hierargie van howe en die kinderhof se handeling. Ooreenkomstig die administratiefreg word die klem veral geplaas op die regsvereistes wat vir alle administratiewe handelinge geld - soos deur Wiechers (1984) gesistematiseer en deur Eckard (1988) op kinderhofondersoeke van toepassing gemaak is. Regswetenskaplike begrippe met inagneming van die relevante gemeneregtelike beginsels, die tussentydse Grondwet, ander relevante wetgewing en regspraak word ontleed ten einde die betekenis en invloed daarvan vir die verslag van die maatskaplike werker duidelik te maak. By implikasie hied hierdie ontleding ook riglyne vir die skryf van die verslag vanuit 'n regsperspektief. Aan die hand van genoemde regsperspektiewe word 'n voorlopige model binne 'n bepaalde struktuur vir die skryf van hierdie verslag voorgestel. Die regsbeginsels wat ontleed is, word doelgerig en planmatig aangewend in 'n poging om uitvoering aan die doelstellings van die kinderhof te verleen en die bewyswaarde van inligting maksimaal te verhoog. Kritiese stellings asook verskeie dilemmas waarmee die maatskaplike werkers in die praktyk te make het, word aangespreek en word nuwe betekenis aan die begrippe "maatskaplike werker" en "verslag" rakende kinderhofaangeleenthede verleen. By wyse van 'n beperkte verkennende empmese ondersoek binne die Christelike Maatskaplike Raad van Noord-Transvaal, word bestaande kritiek betreffende die verslae wat maatskaplike werkers aan kinderhowe lewer asook die maatskaplike werker se beperkinge rakende relevante regskennis bevestig. Spesifieke behoeftes aan kennis word geldentifiseer en 'n hernieude maatskaplikewerkperspektief rakende kinderhofwerk as 'n spesialiteitsgebied binne die maatskaplikewerkterrein word bevestig. Verder word die regsvereistes asook ander relevante vereistes wat op die verslag van toepassing behoort te wees, en soos vanuit die literatuurstudie bepaal is, beaam. Hierdie ondersoek is 'n nuwe bydrae tot die maatskaplikewerkvakliteratuur en baan die weg tot verdere navorsing en ontwikkeling op hierdie terrein. / This investigation attempts to establish a jurisprudential basis for the "The Report of the Social Worker according to articles 14(4) and 15(1) of the Act on Child Welfare as a Juridically Based Aid for the Children's Court". The study focuses inter alia on earlier legislation concerning certain rights of children prior to the establishment of children's courts in South Africa; the nature and institution of children's courts; the position of children's courts within the hierarchy of courts, as well as actions of the children's court. In accordance with Administrative Law the accent falls especially on legal requirements for all administrative actions as systematised by Wiechers (1984) and as applied by Eckard (1988) to examination in such courts. An analysis is made of jurisprudential concepts such as Common Law principles, the Interim Constitution, and other relevant acts of parliament and court verdicts in order to clarify their meaning and influence for this report. By implication this analysis also furnishes guidelines for writing the report within jurisprudential perspectives. With the aid of these perspectives a preliminruy model is presented within a specific structure for the writing of this report. The jurisprudential principles analysed, are purposively and methodically applied in an attempt to satisfy the goals of the children's court and maximise the value of evidence given. Critical statements and several dilemmas confronting social work practice are addressed, and in the court situation new meaning is accorded to concepts such as "social worker" and "report". By means of a limited exploratory empirical investigation within the confines of the Christian Social Services of the Northern Transvaal the present criticism of reports delivered to courts by social workers as well as their jurisprudential limitations have been confirmed. Specific knowledge deficiencies have been identified and a renewed social work perspective on children's courts as specialist field in social work has been established. Legal and other relevant requirements for this report - as found in the literature study - have been confirmed. This investigation constitutes a new contribution to social work literature and opens the way to further research and development in this field. / Private Law / D. Phil. (Social Work)