Orientador: Daniel Jugend / Resumo: A conscientização sobre a sustentabilidade nos negócios tem auxiliado às empresas a atualizar suas operações, concentrando-se na redução dos impactos ambientais em todas as etapas. Diante disso, o modelo de negócios da economia circular se torna uma alternativa para alcançar a prosperidade das empresas sem comprometer os recursos naturais no futuro. Considerando-se a transição para a economia circular, é necessário adotar alguns princípios que guiarão as empresas a atingir esse nível. No entanto, existem barreiras que dificultam esse desenvolvimento. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo principal, analisar a relação entre estímulos, barreiras e pressão dos stakeholders com a adoção dos princípios da economia circular. A amostra analisada nesta pesquisa é composta por 86 empresas brasileiras inseridas em setores importantes para a economia circular, tais como: agronegócio, construção civil e eletroeletrônico. A pesquisa traz evidências empíricas de que os estímulos para adoção da economia circular apontados pela literatura e pressão dos stakeholders estão relacionados positivamente com a adoção dos princípios da economia circular, enquanto as barreiras tradicionalmente apontadas pela literatura estão relacionadas negativamente com essa adoção. Os resultados deste estudo indicam quais estímulos, barreiras e stakeholders se relacionam mais fortemente com cada princípio do framework ReSOLVE. Enquanto a pressão dos funcionários está mais ligada ao princípio da Circularidade, a pressão... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Business sustainability awareness has helped companies update their operations by focusing on reducing environmental impacts at all stages. Given this, the circular economy business model becomes an alternative to achieve business prosperity without compromising natural resources in the future. Considering the transition to the circular economy, it is necessary to adopt some principles that will guide companies to reach this level. However, there are barriers that hinder this development. The main objective of this research was to analyze the relationship between stimuli, barriers and stakeholder pressure with the adoption of circular economy principles. The sample analyzed in this research is composed by 86 Brazilian companies inserted in important sectors for the circular economy, such as: agribusiness, construction and electronics. The research provides empirical evidence that the incentives for circular economy adoption pointed by the literature and stakeholder pressure are positively related to the adoption of the circular economy principles, while the barriers traditionally pointed by the literature are negatively related to this adoption. The results of this study indicate which stimuli, barriers, and stakeholders relate most strongly to each ReSOLVE framework principle. While employee pressure is more closely linked to the principle of circularity, media and consumer pressure are linked to greater adoption of the virtualization principle. In addition, this survey show... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Emerging countries have enriched supply chains of influential multinational organizations. Business in emerging markets have led to both positive and negative outcomes. Stakeholders have a strong impact in emerging markets in relation to local communities. There have been lots of research connecting stakeholder responsibility with sustainability. Those studies have been the inspiration for this study. This research recognizes how stakeholders can contribute in the emerging market through the help of third parties. The study models the relation between CSR and stakeholders. The risk factor is more pronounces in some industries more than others, so this study primarily seeks to examine how risk factors can be mitigated in the Bangladesh garments industry.  In this case study, the qualitative method was approached and followed up by semi-structured interviews to answer the research question. The interview was held in various organizations, and 13 respondents shared their experiences through interviews. Six of the interviewees were managers from different parts of ready-made garments business and operations functions. The rest of the interviewees belong to the production floor. The interviewees answered questions related to the importance of buyers, safety regulations, and NGOs in the industry. From the findings, thematic analysis was conducted. Based on the findings, the study has concluded that engagement of third parties can impact work conditions in the examined setting. The importance of audit is underscored by in the data and seems to be instrumental for efforts of preventing accidents. To successfully develop an industry without creating negative effects on society, stakeholders need to be more involved in the safety of factory workers. Approaching this issue with third party involvement can be a useful solution for the buyer. / <p>Confidential</p>

There is ample information on corporate social responsibility and how it should be applied in different organizations, leading to models, application areas, stakeholders and compliance levels, but not with the creation of social capital. The relationship between them is very narrow. This resource is an intangible asset that can be created according to thedifferent relationships such organization with stakeholders in relation to the economic, legal, ethical and discretionary dimension. The generation of social capital is the result of hard and continuous work in four dimensions, which does not neglect any of them. In line with this article describes the joint should be between strategy, creating value for each of stakeholders and the ability to produce social capital as a central element of corporate social responsibility. / Hay una amplia información sobre la responsabilidad social empresarial y cómo esta se debe aplicar en las diferentes organizaciones, da lugar a modelos, áreas de aplicación, grupos de interés y niveles de cumplimiento, pero no así con la creación de capital social. La relación que existe entre ambas es estrechísima. Dicho recurso es un bien intangible, que se puede crear de acuerdo con las diferentes relaciones que posea la organización con los grupos de interés, en lo referente a la dimensión económica, legal, ética y discrecional. La generación de capital social es el resultado de un trabajo arduo y continuo en las cuatro dimensiones, que no deja de lado ninguna de ellas. En consonancia con ello, este artículo describe la articulación que debe darse entre la estrategia, la creación de valor para cada uno de los grupos de interés o stakeholders y la capacidad para producir capital social como elemento central de la responsabilidad social empresarial. / Existe muita informação sobre a responsabilidade social empresarial e ao respeito de como ela deve ser aplicada nas diferentes organizações, os modelos a serem implantados, o seu escopo, as partes interessadas e os níveis de conformidade,mas não existe informação sobre a criação do capital social. A relação entre a RSC e o capital social é muito estreita. Esterecurso é um ativo intangível que pode ser criado segundo as diferentes relações estabelecidas entre as organizações e as partes interessadas com relação às dimensões econômica, legal, ética e discricionária. A geração de capital social é o resultadode um trabalho árduo e contínuo nessas quatro dimensões, sem deixar de fora nenhuma delas. Neste sentido, este artigo descreve a articulação que deve existir entre a estratégia, a criação de valor para cada uma das partes interessada sou stakeholders, e a capacidade de produzir capital social como um item central da responsabilidade social empresarial.

Submitted by paulo junior (paulo.jr@fgv.br) on 2010-03-10T17:30:53Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Calves2.pdf: 34585 bytes, checksum: 638aae71dfea16f8cdcf63a91d7c33b0 (MD5) Calves1.pdf: 395079 bytes, checksum: 71d4d192810b494e055e38b274e945a7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by paulo junior(paulo.jr@fgv.br) on 2010-03-10T17:31:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Calves2.pdf: 34585 bytes, checksum: 638aae71dfea16f8cdcf63a91d7c33b0 (MD5) Calves1.pdf: 395079 bytes, checksum: 71d4d192810b494e055e38b274e945a7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2010-03-11T14:20:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Calves2.pdf: 34585 bytes, checksum: 638aae71dfea16f8cdcf63a91d7c33b0 (MD5) Calves1.pdf: 395079 bytes, checksum: 71d4d192810b494e055e38b274e945a7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-06 / The object of this dissertation is to identify the perception of stakeholders related to the organizational action taken by the Account Court of Rio de Janeiro State TCERJ in the use of one of his institutional responsibilities, interruption of the implementation of act and/or contract, plus case study. Identifying, from the contribution of stakeholders, possible deficiencies and potential fixes in the performance of the state agency in exercising jurisdiction in focus. / O objeto desta dissertação é identificar a percepção dos stakeholders acerca da ação organizacional empreendida pelo Tribunal de Contas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - TCERJ, no exercício de uma de suas competências institucionais, sustação da execução de ato e/ou de contrato, complementadas por um estudo de caso. Identificando, a partir das contribuições dos stakeholders, eventuais deficiências e potenciais correções na atuação do órgão estatal no exercício da competência em destaque.

Published Article / It is widely assumed that sustainability reporting is a mechanism that companies can use to demonstrate their trustworthiness with regard to development in a sustainable manner. This article uses the Mayer, Davis and Schoorman trust model as basis to discuss how sustainability reporting can enhance trustworthiness in a sustainable development context. The study also uses a survey-questionnaire, sent to South African sustainability reporters, to explore whether they are finding sustainability reporting useful for enhancing companies' trustworthiness among stakeholders in a sustainable development context. Respondents indicate, amongst other things, that sustainability reporting in South Africa has a role to play in enhancing trustworthiness, more so among contractual stakeholders than among community stakeholders. To entrench trust benefits in the long term will however require long term strategies. Such strategies should focus on increasing the engagement of community stakeholders, authentic use of the GRI and implementing effective control systems that prevent the misuse of sustainability reports, while not preventing the formation of real trust.

Multi-criteria decision aid has emerged from the operational research field as the answer given to a couple of important questions encountered in complex decisions problems. Firstly, as decision aiding tools, such methods do not replace the decision maker with a mathematical model, but support him to construct his solution by describing and evaluating his options. Secondly, instead of using a unique criterion capturing all aspects of the problem, in the multi-criteria decision aid methods one seeks to build multiple criteria, representing several points of view. This work explores the application of multi-criteria decision aid methods for optimising food chain countermeasure strategies after a radioactive release to the environment. The core of the thesis is dedicated to formulating general lines for the development of a multi-criteria decision aid model. This includes the definition of potential actions, construction of evaluation criteria and preference modelling and is essentially based on the results of a stakeholders’ process. The work is centred on the management of contaminated milk in order to provide a concrete focus and because of its importance as an ingestion pathway in short term after an accident. Among other issues, the public acceptance of milk countermeasures as a key evaluation criterion is analysed in detail. A comparison of acceptance based on stochastic dominance is proposed and, based on that, a countermeasures’ acceptance ranking is deduced. In order to assess “global preferences” taking into account all the evaluation criteria, an ordinal method is chosen. This method allows expressing the relative importance of criteria in a qualitative way instead of using, for instance, numerical weights. Some algorithms that can be used for robustness analysis are also proposed. This type of analysis is an alternative to sensitivity analysis in what concerns data uncertainty and imprecision and seeks to determine how and if a model result or conclusion obtained for a specific instance of a model’s parameters holds over the entire domain of acceptable values for these parameters. The integrated multi-criteria decision aid approach proposed makes use of outranking and interactive methodologies and is implemented and tested through a number of case studies and prototype tools.

Since its inauguration in 1948, the National Health Service (NHS) has been providing “free at the point of delivery” healthcare to all UK citizens. However, lately, there has been unprecedented concern over the capability of most NHS hospitals to demonstrate best value in providing non-clinical service to NHS Trust customers. Demonstrating value is particularly important because of the current multi-billion pound expenditure towards modernising the healthcare service estate. Consequently, the present research aimed to respond to the need to demonstrate satisfactory Whole Life Value (WLV) delivery of healthcare facilities. This has been achieved by focusing on the improvement of front-end processes of construction briefing and optioneering, where most value can be embedded before progressing onto design and construction. The study reviewed extant literature in an attempt to construct a theoretical linkage between the three concepts of WLV, strategic briefing and optioneering. In addition, through a qualitative empirical study comprising interviews, workshops observations and a detailed case study, the same concepts were investigated within the context of NHS healthcare facilities. Key findings indicated that having a specific project strategy is vital to WLV delivery; and that selecting the right project and design options is dependent on first agreeing and clarifying a clinical service model/plan with clinicians. It was also found that improved construction briefing and optioneering involves adequately defining a customised whole life solution informed through purposeful communication and engagement with relevant stakeholders in contributing towards issues that directly affect how they use a healthcare facility. Another key finding was that WLV of healthcare facilities is defined through a whole life solution which is directly linked to its usefulness or utility value realisable by service users in achieving expected clinical outcomes over the facility's design life. Therefore, through briefing and optioneering, a healthcare facility's project strategy must be directly linked with specific needs and requirements (among other things) in order to reflect exactly what the stakeholders and end-users value in a healthcare built environment in the long term. These research findings were applied to inform the formulation of a better briefing and optioneering guidance framework applicable during project definition for satisfactory WLV delivery of healthcare schemes.

The primary objective of this study is to identify the perspectives of the stakeholders on the business curriculum, and the curriculum gaps between them. While the perspectives can be captured on a few continuum, such as the ‘critical’-‘managerialist’ continuum (Macfarlane and Perkins, 1995), this study chose to measure the perspectives of the stakeholders on the ‘about business’-‘for business’ continuum (Tolley, 1983). The study collected primary data from the business lecturers, the business alumni, and the business students of the case institution. The data were collected from the target respondents via a constructed, pilot-tested and reliable questionnaire. The questionnaire made it possible to measure the perspectives of the stakeholders in terms of ‘about business’ and ‘for business’. The results confirmed that the lecturers have a high ‘about business’ orientation (mean = 4.25 out of 5). The ‘about business’ mean score of the alumni is 3.70 and the mean score for the students is 3.71. It is surprising that the lecturers scored high in ‘for business’ (mean = 3.88 out of 5), even higher than for the alumni (mean = 3.35) and the students (mean = 3.38). The t-test procedures confirmed the curriculum gap in terms of ‘about business’ between the lecturer and the alumni is significant (t=4.47, p=0.001); and between the lecturers and the students is also significant (t=4.45, p=0.001). The curriculum gap in terms of ‘for business’ between the lecturers and the alumni is significant (t=3.80, p=0.001); and between the lecturers and the students is significant (t=4.06, p=0.001). Both the ‘about business’ score and the ‘for business’ score of the lecturers are higher than those for the alumni and the students, indicating that the lecturers intend to provide a business curriculum to educate the students for life and at the same time preparing the students for employment. Although there is no cause for concern in this respect, the lecturers are recommended to collaborate with the stakeholders in order to satisfy the expectations of all stakeholders concerned.

Advanced Surface Movement Guidance and Control Systems (A-SMGCS) help to further improve safety and efficiency of the traffic on the aerodrome surface. The current A-SMGCS sensor technologies have certain operational and functional limitations. A new and unprecedented sensor technology is being tested as a pilot project. This unique sensors is called MagSense®. It works based on the principle of detecting the influence of ferromagnetic materials on earth’s magnetic field. For applications in the aviation environment, learning processes are necessary which are generally based on the graphical depiction of stored sensor data and features to analyze the graphs. For this purpose a visualization and analysis tool is needed. In order to create an adequate tool to allow for depicting stored sensor data and the peaks caused by ferromagnetic objects in aircraft and vehicles, a requirements engineering process will be conducted wherein the requirements of the various stakeholders will be identified and harmonized. In general, the appropriate RE approach will ensure mutual agreement among the stakeholders and a set of requirements for the first edition of the tool without contradictions. The harmonized package of requirements will then be used as the starting point for a software development process, after which the tool will be produced as specified and validated as a part of this Master’s Thesis. This Master’s Thesis puts a special focus on the choice of a suitable method in Requirements Engineering and Requirements Management, adequately adapted to the project size and its quality. The selection of appropriate elements from the methodology as well as the outcomes from applying them on a specific software production project are at the core.

En 1995, le CNRS, groupe de recherche sur les activités commerciales ainsi que la commission de géographie des activités commerciales de l'Union Géographique Internationale "UGI" rédigeaient pour le compte de l'Université de Bretagne les actes d'un colloque européen intitulé les nouveaux acteurs du commerce et leur stratégie spatiale. Ce travail, synthèse d'experts fait état dans ses conclusions de cinq faits majeurs formulés par les acteurs eux-mêmes. Nous les reprenons ici quinze ans après sous forme d'interrogation ils éclaireront et enrichiront la problématique développée dans cette introduction : 1. le développement et le maintien de la plupart des espaces commerçants est il de plus en plus dépendant de la stratégie des acteurs ? 2. Parmi eux, les professionnels de l'immobilier et les grands groupes de commerce ont-ils de plus en plus d'influence ? 3. L'arbitrage des Pouvoirs Publics s'avère dès lors davantage fondamental mais le rôle de ces derniers est il de plus en plus difficile ? 4. Les consommateurs peuvent ils aussi intervenir par des choix conscients et cohérents ? 5. Les évolutions récentes dualisent t'elles de plus en plus des espcaces commerçants en produisant des pôles gagnants et des pôles perdants ? Le titre de cette thèse trouve ainsi son sens dans la continuité de travaux commencés dès les années 1970 face à l'émergence de la grande distribution révolution commerciale pour le monde commerçant. En 2010 face à cette nouvelle révolution que constitue les Technologies de l'information et de la communication pour le monde du commerce y a-t'il une certaine permanence dans les stratégies spatiales autant que sociale de nos acteurs ? Bien entendu la recherche en géographie commerciale s'est déjà largement interrogée sur le "rôle des acteurs" mais nous nous interrogeons aujourd'hui à un maillon particulier (nous verrons s'il est essentiel) de l'espace centre-ville : L'Assistant Technique au Commerce ! Bien plus qu'un homme du marketing qui fonde son travail sur la recherche de cohérence entre l'offre et la demande, l'Assistant Technique avant tout acteur de terrain, travaille au spatial : souhaitons que le géographe trouve quelque intérêt à la lecture de ces travaux / In 1995, the CNRS research group on commercial activities and the geographic commission on commercial activities drafted a European conference report entitled “Who the are the new stakeholders in commerce and what is their spatial strategy?” This report, written by experts, poin ts out five major aspects which the stakeholders themselves had expressed. We are taking up these conclusions in this study and questioning their relevance 15 years later. They will help clarify the issues we are going to develop in this thesis. 1. Is keeping and developing commercial sites more and more dependent on the stakeholders' strategy? 2. Are real estate agents and big commercial groups the ones with the most influence? 3. Is the role of government institutions becoming more difficult as they arbitrate more? 4. Do consumers also intervene by making conscious and cogent choices? 5. Have recent developments polarised the commercial sites into winners and losers? The title of this thesis therefore reflects a continuity with studies that were started back in the 1970s when big retailing groups emerged and brought about a commercial revolution for all retailers. In 2010, following the revolution in information and communication technologies, are we witnessing a certain permanence in the stakeholders' spatial and social strategies? Research in commercial geography has already looked into the stakeholders' role but we are focusing today on a particular feature of the town centre and will see how essential it is : the Technical Assistant for Commerce