The transformations in the business world and in international geopolitical organization have brought severe consequences to the world of work. From the 80 s on, we have seen changes in the behavior of companies so that they could adapt themselves to the new model of the capital expansion, requiring new paradigms of management. The moviment towards social responsibilities of corporations fits into this process as a perspective of reaction and hope for a new cycle of development. This cycle is characterized by an ethics position, respect to environment and greater social justice In this thesis, we try to explain the evolution of the movement for Social Responsibility, understand its concepts and name its instruments. This study uses different sources of data, research in books, journal, internet and documents in companies. We also analyse, trought a case study, the way in wich the attention to the requisites for certification trought the norm SA8000 can contribute or limit the management of humam resources related to the requirements of the present levels of competion in an average company of the metal-mechanic sector of Rio Grande do Sul. / As transformações ocorridas no mundo dos negócios bem como na configuração geopolítica internacional têm trazido conseqüências severas no mundo do trabalho. A partir da década de 80, assistimos a mudanças de comportamento empresarial no sentido de adaptação ao novo modelo de expansão do capital, exigindo novos paradigmas de gestão. O movimento pela Responsabilidade Social Corporativa insere-se nesse processo como uma perspectiva de reação e esperança por um novo ciclo de desenvolvimento caracterizado por uma postura ética, respeito ao meio ambiente e maior justiça social. No presente trabalho, procuramos, por meio de pesquisas em livros, periódicos, internet, pesquisa documental em empresas, participação em congressos, cursos e seminários, explicitar a evolução do movimento pela Responsabilidade Social, seus conceitos e instrumentos, bem como analisar, por meio de um estudo de caso, de que forma o atendimento dos requisitos da certificação pela norma SA8000 pode contribuir ou limitar aspectos ligados à dimensão interna, ou seja, à gestão de recursos humanos diante das exigências dos atuais níveis de competição, em uma empresa de porte médio do setor metal-mecânico do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul.

FNsteel i Linköping tillverkar spännlina, en produkt som används av prefab-industrin för tillverkning av förspända betongelement t.ex. håldäck, balkar, bjälklag och järnvägsslipers. Vid tillverkningen drar man valstråd i tråddragningsmaskiner som reducerar valstrådens tvärsnittsarea och ökar längden samtidigt som tråden får en annan metallstruktur. Den dragna tråden slås sedan till tre- eller sjutrådig spännlina. Vid tillverkningen svetsar operatörer ihop valstrådar och hanteringen av valstråden är idag manuell. Företaget vill i framtiden automatisera sin svetsprocess vid skarvning utav valstrådar då det är ett tungt och ensidigt arbete för operatörerna samt för att kunna öka produktiviteten. Examensarbetet är ett produktutvecklingsprojekt som innehåller en analys utav tillverkningen idag och förslag på standardisering för att kunna automatisera samt konstruktionsunderlag för automatisering av vissa moment i processen. Under arbetets gång har det identifierats att processen inte är mogen för att automatiseras utan att företaget först behöver ta fram en standard för hur processen ska se ut för att kunna möjliggöra en automatisering av hela svetsprocessen. Ett antal moment i processen kräver fortsatt arbete för att möjliggöra automatiseringen av processen, samtidigt som det redan idag är möjligt att automatisera vissa delar av processen då dessa enkelt kan standardiseras. Konceptlösningen som tagits fram består av pneumatiska cylindrar, konstruerade trådklämmor och hydraulisk trådklippare. / FNsteel in Linköping manufactures wire rod, a product used by the prefabricated industry for the manufacture of prestressed concrete elements eg. hollow cores, beams, beam joints and railroad slides. In manufacturing, a wire is drawn through a wire drawing machine that reduces the wires cross sectional area and increase the length while the wire is given a different metal structure. The drawn wire is then turned to three or seven-wire wire rod. In manufacturing, operators weld together wire threads and the handling of the wire is today manual. In the future, the company wants to automate its welding process by splicing of wire threads as there is a heavy and one-sided work for operators, and also in order to increase productivity. The thesis work is a product development project that contains an analysis of the manufacturing process today and suggestions for standardization to automate, as well as design documentation for automation of certain elements of the process. During the course of the process, it has been identified that the process is not mature for automation without the company first having to come up with a standard for the process to enable automation of the entire welding process. A number of elements in the process require continued work to enable automation of the process, while it is already possible to automate certain parts of the process as these can easily be standardized. The conceptual solution developed consists of pneumatic cylinders, engineered wire clips and hydraulic wire cutters.

[pt] Para estabelecer com exatidão as curvas em eficiência de detectores a germânio, usam-se radionuclídeos que possuem decaimento complexo, como o 152 Eu e 133 Ba. Porém, por possuírem poucas linhas gama de boa intensidade e irregularmente distribuídas no espectro, esses radionuclídeos não podem ser usados sozinhos. Para superar tais dificuldades, o 166m Ho mostra-se conveniente como padrão único destinado à calibração em eficiência dos espectrômetros a germânio, pois decai por emissão b - , com emissões subseqüentes de 40 linhas gama intensas e bem distribuídas entre 80 e 1500 keV. Além disso, sua longa meia-vida (1200 anos) e raios X característicos entre 40 e 50 keV, o tornam um padrão excelente para calibração de detectores de germânio. É preciso, no entanto, conhecer com exatidão as probabilidades de emissão de fótons de suas principais linhas, uma vez que a literatura tem apresentado estes valores com discrepâncias. Neste trabalho é proposta uma metodologia para determinar, com rigor metrológico, a probabilidade de emissão de suas principais linhas, por meio do uso combinado de espectrometria gama e técnicas de coincidência (4pb-g ). Os resultados experimentais apresentaram-se convergentes em relação aos dados de outros autores, com incertezas menores ou compatíveis. / [en] The efficiency and calibration curves as function of gamma- ray energy for a germanium detector are usually established by using many standard gamma-ray sources of radionuclides decaying with few gamma rays or radionuclides having complex decay scheme, as 152 Eu or 133 Ba. But these radionuclides cannot be used alone, because they have a few gamma lines with high intensity and these lines have a irregular distribution in the energy spectrum. 166m Ho is found to be a convenient single source for such calibration, because it decays by b - with subsequent emission of about 40 strong and well distributed gamma lines between 80 and 1500 keV. Moreover, its long half - life (1200 years) and X-rays characteristics between 40 and 50 keV makes it a good standard for calibration of germanium detectors. However, it is necessary to know with accuracy and precision the gamma ray intensities of their main lines, due to the fact that literature has showed discrepant values. Then, a methodology to determine the emission probability of its main lines is proposed by means of combined use of gamma spectrometry and coincidence 4pb - g techniques. The experimental results show consistence to the others authors, with lower or compatible uncertainties. / [es] Para estabelecer con exactitud las curvas en eficiencia de detectores la germánio, se utilizan radionuclídeos que poseen decaimiento complejo, como el 152 Eu y 133 Ba. Sin embargo, como poseen pocas líneas gama de buena intensidad y irregularmente distribuidas en el espectro, esos radionúcleos no pueden ser usados separadamente. Para superar tales dificuldades, el 166m Ho muestra se conveniente como padrón único destinado a la calibración en eficiencia de los espectrómetros la germánio, pues decae por emisión b , con emisiones subsecuentes de 40 líneas gama intensas y bien distribuidas entre 80 y 1500 keV. Además, su larga media vida (1200 anos) y rayos X característicos entre 40 y 50 keV, el tornan un padrón excelente para calibración de detectores de germanio. Es preciso conocer con exactitud las probabilidades de emisión de fóptons de sus principales líneas, una vez que la literatura ha presentado estos valores con discrepancias. En este trabajo se propone una metodología para determinar, con rigor metrológico, la probabilidad de emisión de sus principales líneas, por medio del uso combinado de espectrometría gama y técnicas de coincidencia (4pb g ). Los resultados experimentales presentaran se convergentes en relación a los datos de otros autores, con incertezas menores o compatibles.

No description available.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / Nama is a Khoekhoe-language variety spoken in more than three countries namely Namibia, South Africa, Botswana and Angola. The language was previously called the Nama language, however, for pragmatic reasons, to cater for a Damara/Nama union, it is called Khoekhoegowab in Namibia. As far as I know there has been no comprehensive study on Nama/Damara/Khoekhoegowab. A preliminary study was done by Haacke, Eiseb and Namaseb (1997). However, as can be seen from the title of this study, it was ‘preliminary’ which means the authors are the first to admit that their study was not complete. The aim of this thesis was to undertake an extensive linguistic analysis of Khoekhoegowab as a way to come up with a comprehensive dialectal inventory. The established dialectal inventory will not only help in the linguistic development of Khoekhoegowab, but also in the determination of a standard linguistic code, leading to development of materials. This is important in grammatical descriptions needed for literacy material development and language policy implementation. Following Haacke, Eiseb and Namaseb (1997) and Guldenmann (2000, 2003, 2008), the study employed a dialectal difference or comparative approach. Considering the nature of the study, a mixed research design was used to collect the data. The data was drawn from the few available studies on Nama/Damara or Khoekhoegowab dialects such as those by Haacke, Eiseb and Namaseb (1997) and Du Plessis (2009). This was supplemented and complemented by document analysis and the various Khoekhoegowab literature. Interviews of limited key informants and focus groups were undertaken in various regions namely (Hardap, Karas and Kunene). The narratives from these interviews were used to determine the dialects currently in place as well as the differences and similarities. The collected data was then treated to a linguistic and dialectal analysis (cf. Guldenmann 2000, 2003, 2008; Du Plessis, 2009) as a way to discover similarities and differences, which will in turn inform the proposal on a possible standard form and composite orthography. The phonological differences of the three dialects under discussion were identified where the vowel system was discussed. With regard to the plain vowels, an argument was made that the Central Nama and Central Damara are in fact similar in terms of vowel inventory compared to Central Nama and the Bondelswarts dialects. The phonetic aspects of the consonant system of the identified dialects were also discussed. A discussion on clicks and click consonants was also made where a distinction was drawn between plain clicks and complex clicks. The morphosyntax of Khoehoegowab was also discussed where it was obvious that there were mainly more similarities than differences between the dialects. The phonetic inventories identified in chapters 4 and 5 were assessed using data from different sources such as the Bible, the Social Security booklet, the grade 9 school textbook, Facebook (a social media page), Google maps, Khoekhoegowab orthography (2003), and the Ministry of Health booklet. The aim of this was to account for differences and similarities between various materials in terms of symbols used for writing Khoekhoegowab. There were differences observed which were because of the influence of modern technology (especially the electronic keyboard) on the writing practices of Khoekhoegowab speakers. The proposed orthography takes technological developments into account. As a contribution, this study provides new insight into the issues of voicing, and voiced and voiceless consonants. In terms of theory the handling of tone and length was discussed in detail where it was established that tone is phonemic and not vowel length. The issue of whether or not complex clicks should be treated as units or clicks plus an accompaniment was discussed where I argued that the sounds are co-articulated and should be treated as one. Regarding the orthography, although there is orthography, the existing orthography is clearly not adequate as some of the sounds were not correctly captured. This has an implication on teaching the language in the schools. It will help in the revitalizing of Khoekhoegowab compared to more established Bantu languages.

This diploma thesis deals with the implementation of ICT projects according to the third release of internationally respected IT infrastructure library (ITIL v3). To be specific, it is about two projects executed by the Renault company -- ToIP which deals with the voice transmission using the data network and S.P.T. concerning workstations' standardization. The objective of this thesis is to describe the implementation process of both projects into the business life and to evaluate the processes and outcomes based on the ITIL v3 recommendations. This goal will be delivered by studying available theoretical materials, authors personal work experience from the position of IT support in Renault and by confrontation praxis with theoretical knowledge. The main benefits of this work are the evaluation of the implementation process correctness according to the ITIL best practices, eventual deficiencies revealing and possible improvement propositions. This work is divided into theoretical and practical part. First, theoretical part is then divided into two captures -- the opening section describes the ITIL v3 best practices with the main focus on Service Transition and Service Operation. Second section is dedicated to the VoIP (voice over internet protocol) technology, part of which is also theoretical knowledge of voice transformation into the digital form, components of VoIP network and the most frequently used architectures. Second, practical part focuses on the projects` implementation. In conclusion the implementation process will be confronted with the ITIL v3 and based on detected failures possible improvements will be proposed.

The thesis is focused on analyzing the development of print media based on the example of selected fashion magazines. It is also focused on the international strategies that can be used by these magazines. The author examines the theoretical background of print media and international marketing strategies, followed by application of this knowledge on the analysis of the chosen magazines. The thesis consists of two main parts: theoretical and empirical. The theoretical part includes a description of print media history, the background of magazines, and international marketing communications, particularly with regard to magazines. The empirical part is focused on analysis of the selected magazines and their international strategies. This part concentrates on the printed and online versions of magazines, so it is easier to see how magazines are influenced by new technologies.

M.A. (Linguistics) / Unlike in the natural sciences, the study fields of the social sciences are closely related and large areas overlap - with regard to the use of terminology as well. However there are also differences, and in an institution such as the Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) which comprises a heterogeneous community of subject specialists, not only the different subjects fields are represented, but also the different schools of thought (universities). In order to conduct human sciences research, the subject specialists should communicate with one another within these subject fields, but also across the borders of the different human sciences disciplines. The aim of this study was to standardize selected human sciences terminology used in the HSRC in order to provide a source of such terminology to be used mainly by HSRC personnel, and to enhance communication in this way. A theoretical review of the fields of standardization and sUbject lexicography was given. The former field was subdivided into linguistic standardization, technical language standardization and organizational standardization, and a clear organizational standardization process was distinguished on the basis of the steps of collecting, submitting, processing and distributing terminology. The field of subject lexicography concerned technical dictionaries and terminology lists, and the issue of computerizing terminology was also dealt with. The organizational standardization process with respect to HSRC terminology was explained and problematic terms identified in the study were discussed. The terminology involved in the study had been collected over a number of years by the language practitioners at the Centre for Language Services eCLS) of the HSRC, recorded on cards and later entered into the computer. In the study the terminology was submitted to the various sUbject specialists in the HSRC for their comment and approval, and their comments were subsequently researched and discussed by the CLS. The next step in the standardization process involves the processing of the comments so that the terminology can be distributed in the form of a publication or by means of a computerized database. The use of standardized terminology in the HSRC can contribute greatly towards improving communication between subject specialists and if the computerized information is transferred to the National Term Bank of the National Terminology Services as planned, the standardized HSRC terminology can be of use outside the HSRC as well.

Early and intensive behavioral intervention outcome research includes descriptions of intervention variables that may increase treatment success. This study was designed to develop an observation system that incorporates and expands on some of these variables. Measures include the number of interventionist teaching units, types of skills addressed during instruction, consequences programmed by interventionists, and engagement with teaching materials. This system allowed for a view of the differences in teaching behaviors among the participants. It is proposed that this observation system is a start toward standardized intervention measures that can be applied to evaluate varied treatment models. Such standardization can help in ensuring that all children have access to evidence-based services.

Please read the abstract on page 112 in the dissertation / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / African Languages / unrestricted