J.M.G. Le Clézio a été plébiscité par le jury du Nobel en sa qualité d’écrivain de « l’extase sensuelle ». Les sens seraient-ils le filtre sémantique de « cet explorateur d’une humanité au-delà et en-dessous de la civilisation régnante » ?D’un point de vue diégétique, sémiotique et stylistique, la prose leclézienne illustre de diverses manières (entre mots, typographie, photographies ou techniques cinématographiques) un univers physique, où les perceptions sensorielles forment un prisme de significations sur l’époque contemporaine. Comme un sismographe à l’affût des pulsations du monde, l’écrivain enregistre, tous sens ouverts, les mouvements, les formes, et les idées des XXe et XXIe siècles. Telle est l’hypothèse centrale de cette étude. Le concept polysémique de « sens » est ainsi appréhendé depuis le monde perceptuel de l’auteur jusqu’aux strates les plus profondes du texte. La démarche repose sur l’étude de la description, en tant que clé de déchiffrement – ou de « dé-scription » selon le concept foucaldien –, à partir d’une analyse linguistico-textuelle puisant dans le champ élargi des sensory studies (phénoménologie de la sensation, philosophie du corps, sociologie de la perception, etc.). La finalité ultime est d’éclairer sous un nouvel angle la quête ontologique d’un homme de lettres pour lequel la littérature ne peut plus feindre d’être détachée du corps des hommes. J.M.G. Le Clézio was hailed by the Nobel jury as the author of “sensual ecstasy.” Would the senses be the semantic filter of this “explorer of a humanity beyond and below the reigning civilization?” From a diegetic, semiotic and stylistic viewpoint, the Leclezian prose depicts in many ways (through words, typography, photos or cinematic techniques) a physical universe, where sensory perceptions form a prism of meanings of the contemporary era. As a seismograph records the world’s pulse, the writer registers, with his senses fully attuned, the movements, shapes and ideas of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. This is the central hypothesis of the research. The polysemous concept of “senses” is thus apprehended from the writer’s world beneath to the deepest strata of his texts. The approach relies on the study of description, as the key to deciphering – or to “de-scribing” according to Foucault’s concept –, from a linguistic-textual analysis drawing on the broader field of sensory studies (phenomenology of sensation, philosophy of the body, sociology of perception, etc.). The ultimate purpose is to enlighten from a new angle the ontological quest of a man of letters, according whom literature can no longer pretend to be detached from the body of human beings. / Doctorat en Langues et lettres / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Cette thèse aspire à renouveler la lecture de l’œuvre de Leopoldo Alas Clarín à partir d’une analyse stylistique de l’intégralité de ses écrits en prose, sans perspective hiérarchique. Elle fait appel aux références culturelles de l’auteur et aux échos internes à son œuvre pour décrire son vitalisme intellectuel. Le style clarinien naît de la combinaison dynamique d’une esthétique ironique et d’une création intime, qui matérialise le contraste entre le lien et la rupture, figures fondatrices de l’œuvre. Les études menées croisent les champs de l’ironie et de l’empathie artistique, communément associées à deux postures disjointes – distance et proximité – et les réunissent dans un regard porté sur le phénomène d’intimité textuelle. Leur objet est de saisir les particularités d’un réalisme complexe qui porte l’empreinte d’une subjectivité créatrice forte et qui cherche à exprimer une vérité humaine mouvante et contrastée. La première partie opère un déplacement conceptuel : l’ironie est conçue comme un mode de représentation et non comme un instrument au service de la satire. Elle construit un système vocal de relations textuelles dans un mouvement intégrateur des emprunts qui manifeste la puissance du démiurge et qui défie le lecteur à partir des failles du langage. La deuxième partie s’intéresse à une écriture qui s’efforce de représenter le sujet intime dans ses défaillances, comme être délié et voix brisée. Le secret intime, en dépit des limites du langage, comporte néanmoins un fond d’espoir et de transcendance déposés dans le lien esthétique, éthique et religieux. L’œuvre clarinien est caractérisé par ses ambivalences : la complexité textuelle naît du contraste entre pouvoir et impuissance, entre spectacularité et secret. / This dissertation aspires to renew the critical interpretation of Leopoldo Alas Clarín’s work through a stylistic analysis of all his prose writings, disregarding hierarchic matters. This new reading is based on the author’s cultural references and the internal echoes in his works in order to describe his intellectual vitality. Clarín’s style arises from the dynamic combination of aesthetics of irony and a creative work on intimacy, that materializes the contrast between connection and rupture, both key elements of his works. This study combines the fields of irony and artistic empathy, usually considered linked to two different positions –distance and proximity–, bringing them together in a single approach using the idea of textual intimacy. It aims at understanding the particularities of a complex realism that has the imprint of a strong creative subjectivity and is eager to express a contrasted human truth. The first part make! s a conceptual displacement in the figure of irony, from a rhetorical device subordinate to satire, to a mode of representation. Irony creates a system of voices and textual relations that integrates quotations, demonstrating the demiurgic power of the author who challenges the reader from within the language. The second part is focused on the way Clarín’s writing represents the inner self and his failures, as a broken being and a broken voice. The intimate secret, despite the limitations of language, reveals the existence of hope and discloses a view of the transcendence of the aesthetic, ethic and religious connection. The Clarín’s works are characterized by their ambiguity: the textual complexity arises from the contrast between power and helplessness, between the spectacular and the secret.

Antoni Ludwicki Development of the radio broadcast news after the World War II Abstract The aim of this thesis is the analysis of changes in style of radio broadcast news in the second half of the 20th century. The main source for this research is the Archive of Czech radio. Theoretical part of this work contains scientific literature and the determination what a radio broadcast news should be like. This part contains also a description of radio broadcasking in Czechoslovakia before the World War II. A significant part of this work contains transcriptions and analyses of recording of radio news. The analysis begins with records from 1968 as no data was found on the research in the Archive of Czech radio before that date. The research was divided into chapters based on historical events. Last part of the analysis of style is the comparison between theoretical and practical research and conclusions. The purpose of this thesis is the analysis of style in radio broadcast news and changes of this style within chosen decades.

Diploma thesis Language in athletics is focused on stratification of Czech national language and deals with vocabulary and its layers. The thesis describes slang and different aspects of slang in detail, brings a closer view to a language processes, to the beginning of sports slang and to a sport journalism. Furthermore, thesis describes a history of Czech athletics, the origin of terminology in physical education and the origin of Czech athletic terminology. The thesis uses linguistic research for a description of current athletic terminology and completes it by a new slang expressions. This diploma thesis contains both a vocabulary of athletic terminology and slang extended by some equivalents of English and Russian terminology. Key words: language, athletics, sports slang, athletic slang, terminology in athletics, czech stylistic, analysis, linguistic research, vocabulary, comparison between Czech, English and Russian

This thesis is an examination of the effects of translation into French and of adaptation for the stage, in English, on the dialogue of Philip Pullman’s novel Northern Lights (published in North America as The Golden Compass). The study focuses on the speech of Lyra, the novel’s protagonist, in terms of both its linguistic qualities and the functions it supports within the novel and the trilogy of which it forms part, His Dark Materials. The study aims to identify the ways in which not just the linguistic surface of fictional speech is affected by translation and adaptation but also the degree to which the roles played by the dialogue in the source text are reflected or transformed in the different versions. The unusual research design, involving a comparison of the effects of interlingual translation and intermedial adaptation on the same text, consists of two main elements. In the first quantitative section, the relative incidence of three variables is measured for the purposes of identifying how features of spoken style and non-standard variation are treated. This analysis is followed by a detailed qualitative evaluation of a small number of dialogue passages that exemplify the key linguistic features and likely textual functions of Lyra’s speech in the novel. The passages concerned are compared with equivalent stretches of dialogue in the French translation and the theatrical script. The study finds evidence to suggest that Pullman uses dialogue in support of characterisation, plot, and also ideological and intertextual concerns. All of these aspects are affected, in subtle but significant ways, by the different decisions made by the translator and the dramatist in respect of Lyra’s speech. The study also finds that aspects of both user-related and situation-related variation in fictional speech may be worthy of further research.

Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur den finska passiven översätts till svenska. Materialet består av tre moderna finska skönlitterära romaner och deras svenska översättningar. Ur dessa excerperas de 100 först förekommande finska passiverna i varje roman tillsammans med deras svenska översättningsmotsvarigheter. Passiverna analyseras med utgångspunkt i de översättningsstrategier och -procedurer som ingår i modellen jämförande stilistik (Vinay & Darbelnet, 1995). Av resultaten framkommer att den finska passiven oftast översätts till svenska genom olika omskrivningsstrategier, varav närmare två tredjedelar resulterar i en aktiv sats i svenska. Av den tredjedel som översätts till passiv i svenska är den stora merparten s-passiver. Resultaten visar också att definita subjekt, såsom vi och de, är vanligare i de svenska aktiva satserna än indefinita subjekt, såsom man. Slutsatsen är att den finska passiven i översättning till svenska uppvisar en betydligt större variation än vad som framkommer i tidigare forskning och finska grammatikor.

This study examines the female protagonist Petra von Pahlen in Agnes von Krusenstjerna’s novel Den blå rullgardinen (The blue blind). The aim of the study is to make a stylistic examination of narrative perspective, relations, and agency in several text passages from the novel, to find out how the language of the text shapes Petra von Pahlen as a female character. To see whether the linguistic choices and functions of the text form Petra as an active or passive person, her relation to four other characters in the novel are examined. The material consists of 39 passages of text taken from 10 chapters of the novel, all of which dealing specifically with Petra’s part of the story. Literary theories used for the study are narratology and systemic-functional grammar. The applied methods for analysing the passages are a selection of syntactic and semantic markers compiled by Staffan Hellberg (1985) for stylistic analysis of narrative perspective in Swedish literary texts, and a selection of the tools for investigation of transitivity and ergativity in texts available through the systemic-functional theory of grammar by Michael Halliday (2014). The results show that the narrative perspective used in the text passages are mostly internal focalization, and that the most frequently used stylistic markers are expressions for perception and reflection, similes, metaphors, and words expressing value. The results also show that Petra is most frequently realized through the participant roles of Senser in mental processes, and Goal in material processes. In the ergative analysis Petra is most frequently realized in non-ergative clauses through the participant role as Medium, both in terms of first and second participant; she is seldom realized as Agent. From the quantitative results of the study, Petra can be viewed as a passive character, however an argumentation based on previous research from the fields of literary science and feminist literary stylistics also suggests an interpretation, where the context and themes in the novel, together with an awareness of the different ‘meanings’ of linguistic features, provide a less powerless position for Petra.

2011 kom en ny läroplan för gymnasieskolan och med den nya kursplaner. I kursplanen för svenska 2 skrivs det explicit ut att både kvinnliga och manliga författarskap skall behandlas. Detta var en ny formulering jämfört med den tidigare kursplanen för svenska B som endast specificerar att författarskap skall behandlas. Denna studie undersöker ett läromedel ur var kurs för att avgöra om det finns exempel på språklig sexism i dessa på både en lexikal nivå och en diskursnivå samt hur många kvinnliga och manliga författare som blir omnämnda och behandlade. På den lexikala nivån undersöks hur kvinnor och män namnges, könsneutrala och könsspecifika substantiv, adjektiven kvinnlig och manlig och könsneutral användning av pronomen. På diskursnivå undersöks hur kvinnliga och manliga författare beskrivs utifrån deras utseende och relationer. Det görs både en kvantitativ och en kvalitativ analys av de ovannämnda språkliga företeelserna. Studien finner att det finns ett ojämnt språkbruk i materialet som pekar mot språklig sexism. Detta visar sig främst i hur kvinnliga och manliga författare namnges, beskrivs utifrån sina relationer samt att kvinnorna i materialet blir markerade i högre grad än männen. / In 2011 a new curriculum for Swedish upper secondary school was created. In the syllabus for Svenska 2 it is made explicit that both female and male authors should be addressed which was not the case for the syllabus for Svenska B. The syllabus for Svenska B only states that important authors should be addressed with no mention of the genders of the authors. This study examines a textbook created for each course in order to determine whether there are examples of linguistic sexism in these. This examination is performed at both a lexical level and a discourse level as well as an examination of how many female and male authors that are mentioned and discussed in the material. At the lexical level the naming practices of women and men are examined as well as generic and gender specific nouns, the adjectives kvinnlig and manlig and generic use of pronouns. At the level of discourse descriptions of female and male authors appearances and relations are examined. A quantitative and qualitative method of analysing the above-mentioned linguistic features is employed. The study concludes that females and males are written about differently which indicates examples of linguistic sexism. This is mainly expressed in the way females and males are named in the material, descriptions of their relations and the fact that women in the material are marked to a higher extent than men.

This diploma thesis titled "The Style and Language of Sport News and Journalism, Moderators, and Commentators in Czech Television (Focused on Petr Vichnar)" describes and analyses the speech of Petr Vichnar (of Czechoslovak Television fame) from the station's inception up to the present day. The thesis is divided into six main parts. The first part deals with general stylistic elements, the second focuses on the style and language in the contemporary speech of Petr Vichnar. Part three deals with the style and language of this author in the past whereas the fourth section shows the transformation of speech. The fifth and sixth parts deal with work in television and sports langure and a semiotic analysis respectively. Everyone changes in thein profession, and sports journalists are no exception either. Petr Vichnar began his career in sports journalism at the time when Wi-Fi networks, which allow rapid acquisition of information, were not in common usage. He began to moderate, though not yet using a teleprompter / auto-cue, and so he either had to keep everything in his head or use notes on paper. All this and more contributed to a change of expression of this most important sports commentator and the programs or matches on which he commentated. This thesis aims to discover the style of his speech, shows, and...

Notre thèse se situe dans le domaine interdisciplinaire de la stylistique computationnelle, à savoir l'application des méthodes statistiques et computationnelles à l'étude du style littéraire. Historiquement, la plupart des travaux effectués en stylistique computationnelle se sont concentrés sur les aspects lexicaux. Dans notre thèse, l’accent est mis sur l'aspect syntaxique du style qui est beaucoup plus difficile à analyser étant donné sa nature abstraite. Comme contribution principale, dans cette thèse, nous travaillons sur une approche à l'étude stylistique computationnelle de textes classiques de littérature française d'un point de vue herméneutique, où découvrir des traits linguistiques intéressants se fait sans aucune connaissance préalable. Plus concrètement, nous nous concentrons sur le développement et l'extraction des motifs morphosyntaxiques. Suivant la ligne de pensée herméneutique, nous proposons un processus de découverte de connaissances pour la caractérisation stylistique accentué sur la dimension syntaxique du style et permettant d'extraire des motifs pertinents à partir d'un texte donné. Ce processus proposé consiste en deux étapes principales, une étape d'extraction de motifs séquentiels suivi de l'application de certaines mesures d'intérêt. En particulier, l'extraction de tous les motifs syntaxiques possibles d'une longueur donnée est proposée comme un moyen particulièrement utile pour extraire des caractéristiques intéressantes dans un scénario exploratoire. Nous proposons, évaluons et présentons des résultats sur les trois mesures d'intérêt proposées, basée chacune sur un raisonnement théorique linguistique et statistique différent. / The present thesis locates itself in the interdisciplinary field of computational stylistics, namely the application of statistical and computational methods to the study of literary style. Historically, most of the work done in computational stylistics has been focused on lexical aspects especially in the early decades of the discipline. However, in this thesis, our focus is put on the syntactic aspect of style which is quite much harder to capture and to analyze given its abstract nature. As main contribution, we work on an approach to the computational stylistic study of classic French literary texts based on a hermeneutic point of view, in which discovering interesting linguistic patterns is done without any prior knowledge. More concretely, we focus on the development and the extraction of complex yet computationally feasible stylistic features that are linguistically motivated, namely morpho-syntactic patterns. Following the hermeneutic line of thought, we propose a knowledge discovery process for the stylistic characterization with an emphasis on the syntactic dimension of style by extracting relevant patterns from a given text. This knowledge discovery process consists of two main steps, a sequential pattern mining step followed by the application of some interestingness measures. In particular, the extraction of all possible syntactic patterns of a given length is proposed as a particularly useful way to extract interesting features in an exploratory scenario. We propose, carry out an experimental evaluation and report results on three proposed interestingness measures, each of which is based on a different theoretical linguistic and statistical backgrounds.