This thesis presents an attempt to simplify the language used in life insurance provisions.

In this diploma thesis I concerned myself with translations of Dutch horticultural texts into Czech language, both professional and popular-science texts, as wel as legislative and pragmatic. The aim of my thesis was to analyse different kinds of horticultural texts from translatological point of view and to find out some problematic phenomena, which arise by the reception and translation of these texts. I concentrated also on relations of equivalence between Dutch, Latin and Czech terminology by the names of plants, writing of the scientific names and evaluation of selected texts in terms of text linguistics. First chapter is devoted to teoretical parts of linguistics and translatology related to this problematic and it is mainly based on research of literary sources. Further I concerned myself with some translatological problems, which a translator meets in the area of professional and popular-science literature. First of them was the problem of nomanclatural names, individual botanical categories and rules for writing of the names of plants. From comparison of plant names in expert publications arised that the way of writing of these names is in both languages same and according to the international rules. By the botanical names I compared also on the example of assortment of spring bulbs the...

This study investigates the current discourses of Great Zimbabwe by analysing traces of colonial terminology within present-day literary illustrations. The aim is to identify western ideas and perspectives still dominant within the discourses and explore its implications. By conducting research on how Great Zimbabwe is being illustrated today within academic literature as well as more popular texts, the study demonstrates the role and power of discourse in relation to questions regarding who is authorized to write history and define heritage. Special focus is placed on discourse’s implications on the perception of reality and identity within a context heavily tainted by colonialism. This investigation is a pilot study which hopes to encourage further research on the representation of heritage sites that are vulnerable to political discourses. / Studien undersöker den nuvarande diskursen kring Stora Zimbabwe genom att identifiera och analysera spår från den koloniala terminologin inom dagens litterära illustrationer. Syftet är att urskilja dominanta västerländska idéer och perspektiv inom diskursen och granska dess inflytande. Genom att undersöka hur Stora Zimbabwe illustreras inom dagens akademiska och mer populära litteratur kan studien demonstrera diskursens roll och maktposition, vilket leder till frågor om vem som bär på rätten att definiera historia och kulturarv. Speciellt fokus har lagts på diskursens påverkan vad gäller hur människan uppfattar verkligheten och hur identiteter formas inom den koloniala kontexten. Underökningen är en förstudie som hoppas kunna uppmuntra vidare forskning som behandlar representationen av kulturarv som formats och påverkats av politiska diskurser.

This dissertation chronicles the plight of the lower status professional group member and their attempts to get recognition by using insider language or jargon. Specifically, it explores jargon within the broader context of status signaling, language, and hierarchical relationships. It seeks to understand how language is used as a way to both gain and infer status. Chapter 1 accomplishes two goals. First, it discusses features of human status systems and status signaling processes. Second, it defines jargon and identifies its functions. In doing so, I incorporate linguistic and social psychological theories to argue that jargon is a marker of status or a status symbol. I differentiate jargon from related linguistic concepts of slang and technical language, and I differentiate jargon from other status signals due to the social costs incurred through its use. Chapter 2 focuses on one social motivation for using jargon, arguing that status threat increases jargon use. It proposes that because jargon is a status marker, it is strategically used by those experiencing low status. Across 10 studies, using both archival and experimental methods, I link low status to jargon use because lower status motivates impression management goals. Chapter 3 explores how the effects of both local and global sources of status threat independently contribute to compensatory and performative jargon use. It replicates findings from chapter 2 while highlighting how multiple sources of status threat combine to provoke status signaling behaviors. Chapter 4 explores the consequences of jargon use, drawing on prior theory in linguistics and social psychology. It begins by showing that high jargon use imposes a cognitive cost upon an audience, which then may then disengage from the speaker’s message as a result. It then shows how high jargon may increase audience appraisals of speaker competence but reduce interpersonal closeness and ratings of warmth. The chapter argues that that high jargon use is particularly interpersonally costly for low-status speakers because they are seen as annoyingly reaching above their station. I also show that extremely low levels of jargon, i.e., flamboyantly colloquial language, also hurt evaluations of a speaker. These results suggest a goldilocks phenomenon, whereby there is a ‘just right” amount of jargon necessary to optimize audience evaluations across warmth, competence, and status. The final chapter five of this dissertation highlights a number of interesting patterns and unanswered questions, paving the way for further studies and lines of inquiry. Overall this dissertation takes a deep dive into the antecedents and consequences of hyperbolic circumluoquationaness, sesquipedalianistic poeanoisms, and professional jive talk, to expand our understanding of how language functions in performing, negotiating, and affecting social relationships with others in everyday life.

Architectural lighting design is created to serve human needs. The human needs are constantly present and evaluated in all architectural light design-disciplines, such as natural and artificial light, interior- and exterior-wise, it highlights the human response and thereof the perceived experience. The standardized terminology does not declare the human response in terms of perceived experience. Another field of knowledge with both scientific and experience features are acoustics, where the different features are equally present and developed when designing. The fundamental difference between light and sound is that light is perceived by the vision and sound is perceived by hearing. Also, within the field of acoustics there is a well-developed terminology used for describing the perceived experiences of sound. The experience-based terminology explains how a certain environment is understood by those who is living within it and it is called “Soundscape”. The terminology soundscape and what it entails is what the lighting industry is missing in terms of describing the perceived experience of architectural light. The aim with the study was to explore the perceptual experiences of spatiality and develop the ability to create an architectural lighting design and hence an experience based language. In this study, the concept of perceived experience of spatial light denotes attentive observed light, which all of the widened terminologies with concepts and methods implies. However, little is explained about the spatial context and thereof the coherent perceived experience in today’s standards. Standards provide a foundation for concepts to establish and be communicated across disciplines. However, by raising mutual awareness of different approaches there is a great opportunity to constantly create a living language. A living language enables possibilities when considering how to turn, twist and share ideas of what has been done before and what can be developed. The study did not only consider the creation of a living language, but it also tracks the process of translating the very abstract source of information into a physical presence, in other words the physical demonstration of a concepts meaning. A living language is a shared language which is created by movements that is turning ourselves to each other. By breaking through a surface, there is a possibility of reconstructing where we are collectively and we are able to have a shared language through shared experiences.

In compiling and writing this dictionary the needs of the high school student and teacher interested in mathematics have been kept constantly in mind. The mathematics of the high school is perhaps the simplest of its kind and yet very few textbooks carefully define all technical terms as they are introduced. The thoughtful student may turn to an abridged or unabridged dictionary but will find in most cases that the definitions of the terms are vague, often misleading, and in some cases not given. The words in the vocabulary have been arranged in alphabetical order so that the reference to any one of them might be made in a convenient manner.

CDC's requirements for Salmonella surveillance reporting include submission of serovars from the recognized naming scheme, Kauffmann-White (K-W), using identifiers curated by the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine-Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT®). Translating the serotype formula of a Salmonella isolate to the correct identifier has been a multistep manual process for users. Our goal was to determine whether a degree of automation could be achieved using an ontology based on K-W. We investigated information artifacts presently available, namely K-W, SNOMED CT and CDC's Public Health Information Network - Vocabulary Access and Distribution System (PHIN-VADS). As SNOMED CT creates identifiers and associates them with serovar names, we performed detailed analysis on its coverage of K-W. An overall error rate of 13.1% included simple omissions and transcription errors. We limited our assessment of K-W and PHIN-VADS to the functional characteristics of the resources they distribute. K-W creates serovar names but does not provide identifiers. PHIN-VADS includes the identifiers but not antigenic formulae for most isolates. In summary, neither K-W nor PHIN-VADS contained all information users require. Two different ontology prototypes were developed. Prototype I placed K-W serovars as terminal nodes in the hierarchy and these were given logic-based definitions. Prototype II added isolate classes as serovar subtypes. Only the isolate classes had complete logical definitions. Both prototypes were logically sound and functioned as expected. Prototype I paralleled existing SNOMED CT content but required more robust description logic than currently employed in SNOMED CT. Prototype II was more compatible with current functionality of SNOMED CT but created identifiers that would not meet current requirements for public health reporting. Prototype I was fully populated as the Salmonella Serotype Designation Ontology (SSDO). As it stands, SSDO reliably places isolates in the appropriate classes, with few and predictable exceptions. Although SNOMED CT cannot accommodate its functionality at this time, SSDO can serve as the basis for a stand-alone application. Ultimately whether by improving functionality of existing systems or providing a framework for an ancillary automated system, this work should facilitate real-time reporting and analysis of surveillance data that will prevent new or reduce severity of infectious disease outbreaks. / Ph. D.

no abstract provided by author / Ed. D.

Thesis (MPhil (Modern Foreign Languages))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007. / Arts and Culture is one of the new learning areas in the grade 8 and 9 school curriculum. To understand and then express themselves in a correct and confident manner, learners need the correct terminology for Arts and Culture. The learners need more than the day to day terminology in order to participate in conversations focussing on specialised subjects such as music, dance, drama and visual arts. It is important to note that the idea is not to develop expert academics but it is an attempt to enrich children for life and give them more self confidence. The aim of this computer project is to provide an information website to assist the grade 9 learners in the Arts and Culture domain to develop the appropriate language needed in the learning area.

This diploma thesis deals with the topic of terminology databases, including the creation of a terminology database that incorporates names of trees in Latin, Italian and Czech language. In the first part lexicography, terminography and terminology, disciplines related to the topic of the thesis, are presented. It includes also the summary of their historical development and introduces some basic notions associated with them, such as term, nomenclature, taxonomy, etc. Basic differences between terminography and lexicography and between terminological dictionaries and databases are briefly presented as well. The practical part describes basic methods and procedures used while creating the terminology database in Microsoft Access 2016. The database is also enclosed with the thesis and contains names of trees in Latin, Czech and Italian and some additional information related to those names.