Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo principal propor uma metodologia que agilize a construção de uma ferramenta no campo da Documentação. Trata-se da geração de uma base de dados terminológica com sustentação na terminologia utilizada pelo especialista em sua área de domínio. Ela se apóia nos pressupostos teóricos da Teoria da Enunciação, da Teoria Comunicativa da Terminologia e da Socioterminologia. Com esse referencial acredita-se ser possível assegurar a efetiva comunicação entre os Sistemas de Recuperação de Informação e os usuários, sendo o bibliotecário o mediador do processo comunicativo que tem origem no autor do texto indexado. Buscou-se o suporte da Terminografia e da Lingüística de Corpus pela possibilidade de coletar, tratar e armazenar um grande volume de informações de uma determinada área do saber. / The main objective of this study is to propose a methodology by which the implementation of a tool in the field of Documentation can be optimized. It deals with a terminological database built on the terminology used by the specialist in his area. Its is backed by the underlying assumptions of the Theory of Enunciation, of the Communicative Theory of Terminology and of the Socioterminology. It is believed that, in this theoretical framework, it is possible to ensure effective communication between the Information Retrieval Systems and users, being the librarian the mediator of communicative process originated in the author of the indexed text. The research draws from resources of Terminography and Corpus Linguistics in order to operationalize the process of collecting, managing and storing a huge amount of information of a given knowledge field.

Em uma de suas definções, a Terminologia representa o conjunto de princípios e métodos adotados no processo de gestão e criação de produtos terminológicos, tais como glossários e dicionários de termos. A sistematização desses métodos envolve a aplicação de ferramentas computacionais específicas e compatíveis com as tarefas terminológicas, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento desses produtos e a difusão de conhecimento especializado. Entretanto, principalmente no Brasil, a combinação da Terminologia e Informática é incipiente, e dentre as atividades do trabalho terminológico é comum a utilização de várias ferramentas não especializados para esse fim. Isso torna o trabalho dos terminólogos muito moroso, pois esse trabalho geralmente é feito por uma equipe multidisciplinar que deve ter acesso, a todo o momento, à versão mais atual das várias etapas da geração de um produto terminológico. Além disso, deixa o gerenciamento dos dados mais complicado, pois não existe um padrão de entrada e saída definido para os programas. Apoiado nos pressupostos da Teoria Comunicativa da Terminologia (TCT), este trabalho apresenta a proposta de desenvolvimento e avaliação do e- Termos, um Ambiente ColaborativoWeb composto por seis módulos de trabalho bem definidos, cujo propósito é automatizar as tarefas de gestão e criação de produtos terminológicos. Cada módulo do e-Termos possui a responsabilidade de abrigar tarefas inerentes ao processo de criação das terminologias, sendo atreladas a eles diferentes ferramentas de apoio lingüístico, que possuem a função de dar suporte às atividades de Processamento de Língua Natural envolvidas nesse processo. Além delas, há também ferramentas colaborativas, designadas para dar apoio às necessidades comunicacionais e de interação da equipe de trabalho. Particularmente com relação ao processo de avaliação proposto, uma de suas características é a capacidade de ser executado em um tempo curto, viabilizando a avaliação controlada de vários grupos, mas executada no ambiente de trabalho do público alvo. As principais contribuições desta pesquisa são o aspecto colaborativo instanciado na prática terminológica, a criação flexível da Ficha Terminológica, a possibilidade didática de uso para o ensino de terminologia, lexicografia e tradução e o processo de avaliação para sistemas colaborativos desenvolvido para o e-Termos, que combina Cenários de Uso e um Questionário de Pesquisa. Utilizando tecnologias Web e da área de Computer Supported Collaborative Work (CSCW) para o desenvolvimento da sua arquitetura computacional colaborativa, o e-Termos apresenta-se como um ambiente inovador para a pesquisa terminolóogica assistida por computador, pois automatiza um método prático que exp~oe os postulados da terminologia de orientação descritiva e evidencia todas as etapas do processo de criação de produtos terminológicos com o inédito diferencial colaborativo. Para certificar este êxito, o e-Termos tem recebido um número crescente de novas propostas de projeto, tendo até Agosto de 2009 mais de 130 usuários cadastrados, alocados em 68 diferentes projetos terminológicos / In one of its definitions, Terminology represents the set of principles and methods adopted in the creation and management of terminological products as glossaries and dictionaries of terms. A systematization of these methods includes the application of specific computational tools, compatible with terminological tasks, which contribute to developing such products and disseminating expert knowledge. However, especially in Brazil, the combination of Terminology and Computer Science is still incipient, and to perform the tasks of a terminological work it is typical to employ several nonspecialized tools, which make terminologists\' work very time-consuming, since it is usually carried out by a multidisciplinary team that should have access, all the time, to the latest versions of the various stages of the generation of a terminological product. Moreover, it makes data management more complex, because there is no input/output standard defined for programs. Based on the presuppositions of the Communicative Theory of Terminology (CTT), this thesis proposes the development and evaluation of e-Termos, a Web Collaborative Environment composed of six well-defined working modules, whose purpose is to automatize tasks for creating and managing terminological products. Each module in e- Termos is responsible for tasks inherent to the process of creating terminologies. Linked to these modules, there are different linguistic support tools that assist the Natural Language Processing activities included in the process. Besides them, there are also collaborative tools for supporting the communication and interaction needs of team members. As far as the proposed evaluation process is concerned, one of its features is that it can be run in a short time, making viable a controlled evaluation of several groups that is, however, run in the work environment of the target audience. The main contributions of this research are the collaborative aspect instantiated in terminological practice, the exible creation of Terminological Records, the possibility of being used for teaching terminology, lexicography and translation, and the evaluation of collaborative systems developed for e-Termos, which combines Scenario-based Evaluations and Surveys. Using Web technologies and Computer Supported Collaborative Work (CSCW) to develop its collaborative computational architecture, e-Termos is an innovative environment for computer-assisted terminological research, since it automatizes a useful method that represents the postulates of descriptive terminology and highlights all stages of the process of creating terminological products with the unprecedented collaborative differential. Confirming its success, e-Termos has been receiving a growing number of new project proposals, and in August 2009 has more than 130 registered users in 68 different terminological projects

(in English) The presented master's thesis deals with the subject of terminology management and includes a case study carried out in collaboration with the professional association Jednota tlumočníků a překladatelů (Union of Interpreters and Translators, JTP). In the first part, the theoretical principles of terminology in general are described and the basic aspects of terminology management with the focus on terminological databases are presented. The reader is also briefly familiarized with terminology work at the EU level and some selected projects. The first part shall serve as the basis for the second part, which is of empirical nature and reflects findings discovered during the development of a database using the SDL MultiTerm 2015 software and glossaries provided by the JTP. In this part, the diploma candidate describes each step taken during the development and provides commentary on specific issues and their solutions. Finally, the experiences gained through the project are confronted with the theory and future prospects are outlined.

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1954 W58 / Master of Science

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2004 / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The overarching aim of this study is to analyse what researchers in South African higher education institutes and science councils mean by the term 'utilisation'. In specific terms, this aim is interpreted as determining what researchers mean when they indicate that their research findings are being utilised. The data used to conduct this analysis is taken from a national survey conducted to establish the extent to which research findings in South Africa are utilised. The Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies - now called the Centre for Research on Science and Technology - conducted the survey for the National Advisory Committee on Innovation (NACI). This study for NACI involved a questionnaire survey of research being conducted with universities, technikons and science councils, and a telephone survey of a sample of research and development managers in 116 companies. As a researcher in the Centre, I played an active role in this two-fold survey component of the research process. Besides coding the questionnaire for the NACI survey, for the purposes of my study I did additional coding of the questionnaire data. This involved coding 1052 responses to an openended question using a software package. After exporting this data to Microsoft Excel, I further coded the data into one of three categories: Mode 1, Mode 2 and a combination of Mode 1 and Mode 2. This 'new variable' created, formed part of the quantitative analysis since it was correlated with the following variables: the 'trigger' or 'driver' behind the research; the expected outcome of the project or study; the scientific field of the project; the project's or the study's science culture; the source of funding of the study, the modes of dissemination of the results and the intended beneficiary(ies) of the research. Results of the qualitative analyses reveal a profile for projects exhibiting features of Mode 1, Mode 2 or a combination of Mode 1 and Mode 2 knowledge utilisation. With Mode 1 we see that research was likely to be utilised within the discipline, was conducted for the benefit of the researcher's peers and it expanded on existing knowledge - all indicating that Mode 1 knowledge utilisation is predominantly associated with fundamental research. With Mode 2 we see that research was produced primarily for its use value and included the user's interests - indicating that Mode 2 knowledge utilisation is predominantly applied, commissioned and/or strategic. Projects that exhibited both features of Mode 1 and Mode 2 were both indicative of fundamental and applied research. Besides the quantitative analyses also showing the same result mentioned above, it was also discovered that the majority of the projects exhibited features of Mode 2, with one third of the projects exhibiting features of Mode 1 and a small proportion of projects as comprising both modes of utilisation. This was a very interesting finding because it is no longer just speculation that a shift is occurring to more applied, strategic research. The analysis revealed that this shift is a reality. The correlations of mode of utility with the seven other variables produced a range of results that expanded on the features of Mode 1 and Mode 2 type of knowledge production and verified that each mode had qualities unique to itself. My recommendations to researchers in South African research institutes concerns conducting the type of research which will be more relevant to the needs of South African society at large. To funding bodies and programmes of South Africa, the suggestion is to become more informed about the dissemination and intended utilisation strategies that they fund. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie is om 'n analise te doen van die begrip "navorsingsbenutting", soos verstaan deur navorsers binne die publieke Suid Afrikaanse navorsing- en ontwikkelingsektor. Data wat verkry is van 'n landswye ondersoek na die aanwending van navorsingsuitsette binne die publieke sektor, soos onderneem deur die Sentrum vir Interdissiplinêre Studies, is geanaliseer. As 'n lid van die navorsingspan wat die studie onderneem het, was ek aktief betrokke by die proses wat onder meer 'n vraelys-ondersoek ingesluit het na navorsingsprojekte wat in swang is aan SA universiteite, tegnikons en wetenskapsrade. Vir die doel van die studie het ek 1052 response wat die resultaat was van 'n oop vraag in die vraelys in drie kategorieë gekodeer naamlik Modus 1, Modus 2 asook Modus 3, 'n kombinasiekategorie met die benaming "modus van aanwending". Die kwalitatiewe analise het getoon dat in die geval van modus 1, die navorsing mees waarskynlik binne die dissipline en tot die voordeel van die navorser se eweknieë aangewend sal word en dat dit in die meeste gevalle 'n uitbreiding van bestaande kennis behels - 'n aanduiding dat modus 1 navorsing hoofsaakilk verbind kan word met fundamentele navorsing. In die geval van modus 2 blyk dit dat navorsing primêr berus op die utiliteit- of aanwendingswaarde daarvan. Dit vertoon 'n noue verband met die gebruiker se behoefte of belangstelling en is hoofsaaklik toegepaste, kontrak of strategiese navorsing. Projekte wat aspekte van beide modi 1 en 2 vertoon, het tegelykertyd gedui op fundamentele en toegepaste navorsing. Die kwantitatiewe analise het aangedui dat die meerderheid projekte eienskappe van modus 2 vertoon het, met 'n derde van die projekte wat eienskappe van modus 1 vertoon het. 'n Klein hoeveelheid projekte het aspekte van beide modi 1 en 2 vertoon. Hierdie analise het aangetoon dat 'n verkuiwing inderdaad plaasgevind het vanaf fundamentele na meer toegepaste en strategiese navorsing. Die korrelasie van die modus van aanwending met sewe ander veranderlikes, het 'n reeks resultate tot gevolg gehad wat die eienskappe van modi 1 en 2 verder uitgebrei het. Dit het ook bygedra tot die bevestiging van die spesifieke eienskap van elke modus en unieke aspekte van elke modus aangetoon. Aanbevelings word ten slotte gedoen met die oog op 'n keuse vir meer relevante navorsing binne die publieke sektor gemeet aan die kriteria van die navorsingsbehoeftes van die breër Suid Afrikaanse gemeenskap. Aanbevelings m.b.t. disseminasie en navorsingsaanwendingstrategieë van navorsing wat deur befondsingsliggame befonds word, word ook gemaak.

The evolutionary history of mammals, when including extinct taxa, is mainly reconstructed using tooth morphology and employs terminology based on non-monotreme mammals. Although adult monotremes are edentulous, juvenile platypuses have teeth that can be compared with extinct monotremes, but terminology can be a barrier to efficient comparison to non-monotreme mammals. Deciduous teeth and thickened epithelial plates of the extant platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus, are sparsely figured in the literature. New imagery of those teeth and plates from high-resolution x-ray computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy contribute to the understanding of mammal evolution and the unique morphology of platypus teeth. The teeth of the juveniles are highly variable, but early-forming features (major cusps and transverse valleys) are stable enough for comparison. Transverse lophs on monotreme teeth contain complexity not reflected in cusps alone, unlike therian mammals. These differences reinforce the need for caution when applying dental terminology that originally was produced for therian mammals. New imagery highlights potential phylogenetically informative morphology in the pulp cavity and roots. As the roots of the juvenile teeth degenerate, the epithelium below the teeth thickens into epithelial plates. Structures in the epithelial plates are broadly similar to those found in the keratin plates. New images of the epithelial plates offer insight into a series of tubes concentrated under the juvenile teeth. The tubes are a continuous conduit to the plate surface and may serve a sensory function or result from the ever-growing nature of the epithelial plate. / text

<p>The following essay is an analysis of a translation from English into Swedish of two articles concerning tourism, travelling and the environment. The language of the articles is expressive and rich in metaphors, which evokes images in the mind of the reader. The translation was performed with the aim to transfer this effect into the translated texts and the aspects to be examined in the analysis were chosen with this in mind.One of the three aspects to be examined is the use of metaphors and how they are translated into Swedish. Many of the metaphors bear reference to travelling and the environment which gives them a function of enforcing the message and engaging the reader in the text. In order to obtain the same effect in the Swedish translations several translation strategies had to be used.The second aspect to be examined is the terminology used within tourism and the environment.  The environmental concern is a growing trend which inevitably influences the language and requires a new set of useful and understandable terms. This becomes clear when reading and translating the articles at hand. The environmental terms are fairly new and sometimes hard to distinguish. In this study focus is set on the translation strategies and the procedures used in order to find the Swedish equivalents of the terms in this context.The third aspect is the translation of hyphenated pre-modifiers. This aspect is particularly interesting, since the phenomenon is more or less unknown in Swedish. Of the fifteen hyphenated pre-modifiers in the source texts none were translated into hyphenated pre-modifiers in Swedish although five of them were translated into regular pre-modifiers. The analysis is based on the translation strategies applied and the comparison of syntactic structures of the expressions in English and Swedish.</p>

M.A. (Applied Linguistics & Literary Theory) / This study examined the language of religion in the black Pentecostal Charismatic Church, and particularly the predominant use of English as a medium of communication. A mixed methods design was deemed appropriate for this study. The sample comprised of church members and a senior pastor from a church in Pimville, Soweto (to be referred to as Church A). Individual interviews and focus groups were used to collect qualitative data; in addition, participant observation was used to supplement the qualitative data. Surveys were used to collect quantitative data. Information emanating from the data was analysed qualitatively using the process of content analysis, as well as quantitatively using a descriptive statistics package (SPSS). The findings suggest that the congregants are receptive to the use of English in the service and see it as an all-inclusive language. However, a majority of these indicated that an interpreting service from English to an indigenous language should be provided by the church. On the basis of these findings, strategies for accommodating the diverse language concerns of the congregation were espoused.

The problem with which this study is concerned is that of the income concepts used by bank loan officers in dealing with financial information, as compared to the income concepts used by the accounting profession. A series of twenty different financial situations were designed which required the loan officer to make a decision as to an income concept before he could compute the answer to the questions in income, profit, gain, and change in wealth which were asked for in each situation. The loan officers' answers to each situation were then compared with the accountants' answers, using generally accepted accounting principles. In addition, comparisons were made between the income concepts used by the different classes of loan officers and sixteen environmental factors to determine what influence, if any, these factors might have on the answer given by the bank loan officers. The two purposes of the study were to show that bank loan officers do not calculate net income by the same methods as accountants, and to determine if there are environmental factors which would influence the method the loan officer used to compute his answers.

La terminologie est une science qui étudie les termes, ces unités lexicales véhiculant un sens spécialisé dans un discours scientifique ou technique. Constituée en science dans la première moitié du XXe siècle, la terminologie est un terrain interdisciplinaire qui se nourrit des apports de la linguistique, de la logique et de l'informatique. C'est surtout grâce à cette dernière qu'elle a pu se développer considérablement. Le lexique-grammaire est une méthode de description linguistique strictement empirique d'inspiration harrissienne qui a vu le jour en France à la fin des années 1960. La description linguistique a été menée en parallèle avec la réalisation d'outils informatiques nécessaires à la formalisation et à l'exploitation de ces données, parmi lesquels il y a aussi le logiciel Unitex (Paumier, 2002). Tant le lexique-grammaire que le logiciel Unitex présentent un potentiel intéressant, largement inexploité, pour la terminologie. Dans ce travail, nous nous proposons d'évaluer les apports des méthodes liées au lexique-grammaire et au logiciel Unitex à une description terminologique bilingue de qualité. Après avoir défini des critères de qualité d'une description terminologique, nous menons cette évaluation sur deux corpus comparables ayant trait à la médecine thermale, en français et en italien / Terminology is the science concerned with the study of the terms, those lexical units thatpossess a specialized meaning within a scientific or technical context. Established as ascience in the first half of 20th century, terminology is an interdisciplinary field takingadvantage of contributions from linguistics, logics, and informatics. This latter in particularhas allowed significant developments in terminology. Lexicon-grammar is an empirical method of linguistic description inspired by the works of Zellig S. Harris, which has been founded by the French linguist Maurice Gross at the end of the 1960s. Linguistic description has been carried out in parallel with the development of informatics tools able to formalise and exploit linguistic data, including the software Unitex (Paumier, 2002). Both lexicon-grammar and Unitex have an interesting, largely unexploited potential for further developments in terminology. In this work, we assess the contributions brought by lexicon-grammar and Unitex to a high-profile bilingual terminological description. After defining quality criteria for such terminological description, we carry out our evaluation on two comparable corpora specific of thermal medicine, both in French and in Italian