While there is a consensus among researchers that assessment should and can serve learning, there is less understanding of how it supports learning at a fine-grained level. This thesis uses design-based research to investigate the role of comment-only, holistic peer assessment in writing development. The theory of action synthesises Sadler's accounts of learning through assessment (1989, 2010) with Winne and Hadwin's (1998, 2008) model of self-regulated learning. It is theorised that participating in peer assessment helps students to develop evaluative expertise, which in turn enriches task perceptions, metacognitive standards and ultimately large-scale adaptation: the changes students employ in subsequent essays. Drawing on the theory of action, I designed a series of workshops for first-year English Literature students learning to write examination essays. The thesis reports on the first of two iterations. 21 participants assessed and discussed example essays; criteria were not pre-determined but emerged from discussion of four examples. Students then wrote a timed essay, assessed three peer pieces and received three reviews. A range of data was generated during the workshops, including written comments, reflections and questionnaires. Ten case study writers also took part in pre- and post-workshops writing tasks, think-aloud protocols and interviews. To trace the development of students' evaluative expertise, I coded inductively students' talk and comment about writing. Visualising the connections between emergent codes reveals writing quality as a complex web of criteria, with the essay question at the centre. There was a strong overlap between the official Faculty assessment criteria and the codes emerging from student data. However, students also frequently commented on procedural aspects of writing such as introductions and conclusions, which are left tacit or latent in Faculty criteria. Post-workshops, students' own metacognitive standards became increasingly reader-oriented and question-focussed, and these procedural aspects of writing drove the adaptations they made to their approach. I use rich, in-depth case study data to trace how, why, and when students made such adaptations. I also examine the role of peer feedback, which rather than offering new information, often verified or complemented the judgements students formed of their own writing during the workshops. The thesis thus illuminates processes involved in learning through assessment. It also shows that peer assessment is a practicable way of developing within the discipline both evaluative expertise and writing, which are key to lifelong learning.

Esta dissertação objetivou compreender percepções de estudantes universitários sobre a transição entre os papéis de estudante a trabalhador / profissional, investigando a influência dos processos de adaptabilidade de carreira e das experiências acadêmicas, especialmente o estágio, para a transição de identidade. O Estudo 1 consistiu em um levantamento quantitativo, mapeando percepções sobre a formação e avaliando aspectos do desenvolvimento de carreira. Participaram 62 alunos de Engenharia Civil que estavam cursando o último ou penúltimo semestre. O Estudo 2, qualitativo, aprofundou a partir de entrevistas semi-estruturadas o tema investigado. Participaram 6 estudantes selecionados da amostra do Estudo 1. Os principais resultados sugeriram que as experiências de estágio influenciam o desenvolvimento de dimensões da adaptabilidade de carreira, bem como a adaptabilidade influencia o aproveitamento das vivências de estágio. Tais experiências mostraram-se fundamentais no processo de transição do papel de estudante para o papel profissional. Conclui-se com implicações para a prática e a pesquisa. / This dissertation aimed to understand university student’s perceptions of the transition from the role of student to worker and professional, investigating the influence of career adaptability processes and academic experiences, especially internships, to identity transition. Study 1 used a quantitative and exploratory method in order to identify perceptions about the graduation experiences and assess career development variables. The sample was constituted of 62 Civil Engineering students in the last or penultimate semester. Study 2 used a qualitative design to produce deeper understandings about this theme through semi-structured interviews. Six students selected from Study 1 took part on Study 2. The main results suggested that internship experiences influence career adaptability development, as well as adaptability influences how the students benefit from internship experiences. Those experiences were found to be essential in the process of transition from student to professional role. Conclusions set directions for future research and practice.

Orientador: José Augusto da Silva Pontes Neto / Banca: José Aloyseo Bzuneck / Banca: Sueli Édi Rufini Guimarães / Banca: Elsa Maria Mendes Pessoa Pullin / Banca: Raul Aragão Martins / Resumo: As estratégias de estudo e aprendizagem adotadas por alunos de cursos superiores têm-se mostrado eficientes para uma aprendizagem mais significativa. O diagnóstico, mensuração e estudo dessas estratégias colocam-se como um dos aspectos fundamentais com vistas à melhoria do processo de aprendizagem. Nesse sentido, instrumentos válidos, fidedignos e sem vieses para realizar essa mensuração são necessários na área de educação. Neste estudo realizou-se a adaptação e a validação, para a população de dois estados brasileiros, de um instrumento de mensuração de estratégias de estudo e aprendizagem construído em 1988, o LASSI (Learning and Study Strategies Inventory), e utilizado no mundo inteiro, principalmente nos Estados Unidos, onde foi criado. Participaram desta pesquisa 833 alunos universitários de quatro universidades públicas localizadas nos estados de São Paulo e Paraná. A análise fatorial exploratória indicou uma estrutura de dez fatores no instrumento, que depois de trabalhada e analisada com a utilização de outros testes estatísticos, como o teste de consistência interna (alpha de Cronbach), de correlação de Pearson e os testes de estabilidade temporal, bem como análises conceituais, passou a ser composto por nove fatores. O instrumento, originalmente tinha 77 questões, às quais foram acrescentadas para este estudo 11 relativas às estratégias de estudo e aprendizagem adotadas na Internet. Em sua versão final o instrumento ficou com 71 questões em sua parte geral e com as mesmas 11 questões relativas à Internet, ou seja, no trabalho de validação foram eliminadas seis questões, todas da parte geral. As dimensões originais foram reconfiguradas. Duas delas foram excluídas: Autoverificação e Estratégias de Verificação e surgiu uma nova: Preocupações ao Estudar... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo). / Abstract: Learning and study strategies adopted by university students are considered efficient in order to have a more meaningful learning. The diagnosis, measuring and study of these strategies are fundamental aspects for the improvement of the learning process. In this sense, valid, reliable and non-oblique instruments are necessary in the education area for accomplishing this measuring. In this study, it was carried out the adaptation and validation for the Brazilian population, of an instrument used for measuring learning and study strategies created in 1988, LASSI (Learning and Study Strategies Inventory), used worldwide but mainly in the United States where it was created. Eight hundred thirty-three university students from four public universities in the states of São Paulo and Paraná, took part in this research. The exploratory factorial analysis indicated a tenfactor structure in the instrument that, after dealt with and analyzed with the use of other statistical tests such as the internal consistency test (Cronbach's alpha), the Pearson's correlation coefficient and the temporal stability tests as well as conceptual analyses, became a nine-factor structure. The instrument originally had 77 questions to which 11 were added for this study, concerning study and learning strategies adopted in the Internet. In its final version, 71 questions were left in its general part and with the same 11 questions concerning the Internet, that is, in the validation task, six questions were eliminated, all of them from the general part. The original dimensions were reconfigured. Two of them were excluded: Self-Testing and Testing Strategies, and a new one was created: Concerns when studying. Significant correlations were found between the participant's performance in the subscales of the instrument and the variables gender and area of knowledge of their courses... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below). / Doutor

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No. of bitstreams: 5 DISSERTAÇÃO-Capa Dura- CAMILA DE SOUZA BORBA.pdf: 6227648 bytes, checksum: c2ef94d5d1fb2f1666497df780e5766c (MD5) Carta de encaminhamento - CAMILA BORBA.pdf: 996314 bytes, checksum: 73bea29228876247a3c62e0be5d7edc4 (MD5) ATA DE JULGAMENTO.jpg: 1313598 bytes, checksum: 546eaa8e4e0c6e71048a2bd1c62b1652 (MD5) FOLHA DE APROVAÇÃO.jpg: 566749 bytes, checksum: 2c33a9dac11719b276ca90887ba71269 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-28 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Anxiety is an emotion responsible for a set of unpleasant physical sensations, one of the most disturbing. When it increases dramatically in the face of social interactions and due to the need for this interaction, we may be facing a Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD). The university context demands of its members a constant exposition of their social skills, regardless of the course chosen by the student. This conjuncture can trigger social anxiety symptoms, sometimes unnoticed for years. However, a behavioral change can only happen in individuals who perceive damage and are motivated because motivation is the intrinsic force that drives action. This study investigated social anxiety in college students and the stage of motivation to change anxious behaviors. We used a Questionnaire created on the Google forms platform, the Social Phobia Scale - Liebowitz (LSAS), the Social Anxiety Questionnaire for Adults (CASO) and the Ready to Change Ruler. The instruments assessed sociodemographic data, social anxiety constructs and motivation to change anxious behaviors in a clinical sample of (n = 52) undergraduate students from the four areas of knowledge of the Federal University of Amazonas (Humanities, Biological, Agrarian and Exactly). The database was developed in the data processing program Microsoft Excel 2013 (Microsoft Office Enterprise) and analyzed in the Statistic Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 23.0. The results revealed a predominance of female (80.8%), single civil status (98.1%), of participants who had a fixed love partner (53.8%), who lived with relatives (98.1%) with income ≥ 2000 reais (61.5%), who did not use drugs (75%), of academics of the Human Sciences courses (61.5%), where 65.4% of the general sample obtained significant clinical data for the diagnosis of SAD after the intersection of the CASO and LSAS scores. The correlation indicated that in the first use in a research of the north of the country, the CASO had a convergent validity with the LSAS. Ready to Change Ruler demonstrated that students are prepared to perform the change of their behaviors. High scores for SAD and motivational stage of preparation for action, make up enough data to justify intervention proposals. / A ansiedade é uma emoção responsável por um conjunto de sensações físicas desagradáveis, uma das mais perturbadoras. Quando aumenta drasticamente diante de interações sociais e em decorrência da necessidade dessa interação, pode-se estar diante de um Transtorno de Ansiedade Social (TAS). O contexto universitário exige dos seus integrantes uma constante exposição das suas habilidades sociais, independentemente do curso escolhido pelo estudante. Essa conjuntura pode desencadear sintomas de ansiedade social, por vezes desapercebido por anos. Contudo, uma mudança comportamental só pode acontecer em indivíduos que percebam prejuízos e estejam motivados pois a motivação é a força intrínseca que direciona a ação. Este estudo investigou a ansiedade social nos universitários e o estágio de motivação para mudança de comportamentos ansiosos. Foram utilizados um Questionário criado na plataforma “Google forms”, a Escala de Fobia Social – Liebowitz (LSAS), o Questionário de Ansiedade Social para Adultos (CASO) e a Régua de prontidão para a mudança. Os instrumentos aferiram os dados sociodemográficos, construtos de ansiedade social e motivação para mudança de comportamentos ansiosos em uma amostra clínica de (n=52) estudantes de cursos de graduação das quatro áreas do conhecimento da Universidade Federal do Amazonas (Humanas, Biológicas, Agrárias e Exatas). O banco de dados foi elaborado no programa de processamento de dados Microsoft Excel 2013 (Microsoft Office Enterprise) e analisado no software Statistic Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), versão 23.0. Os resultados apontaram predomínio do sexo feminino (80,8%), estado civil solteiro (98,1%), de participantes que possuíam parceiro amoroso fixo (53,8%), que moravam com parentes (98,1%) com renda ≥ 2000 reais (61,5%), que não faziam uso de drogas (75%), de acadêmicos dos cursos de Ciências Humanas (61,5%), onde 65,4% da amostra geral obteve dados clínicos significativos para o diagnóstico de TAS após o entrecorte dos escores do CASO e LSAS. A correlação sinalizou que na primeira utilização em uma pesquisa do norte do país, o CASO possuiu uma validade convergente com o LSAS. A régua de prontidão mostrou que os estudantes estão preparados para realizar a mudança de seus comportamentos. Os escores elevados para TAS e estágio motivacional de preparação para ação, compõem dados suficientes para justificar propostas interventivas. / Haviam malwares no site que por dias impossibilitaram a abertura e edição do meu arquivo.

The purpose of this study was to investigate if early childhood educators could reliably score items using a new scoring system for the Assessment, Evaluation, and Programming System for Infants and Children (AEPS; Bricker, 2002). The participants were university students completing their certification in Interdisciplinary Early Childhood Education (IECE) at the University of Kentucky (UK). The six participants completed training on implementing the AEPS and administered the AEPS to measure child outcomes. The results of this study validated the new scoring system for the AEPS by illustrating that the participants could reliably score a curriculum based assessment.

本研究旨在探討大學生自尊、人際關係、復原力及憂鬱行為表現間之關係，乃以大學生558人為研究對象，經運用成人復原力量表、柯氏憂鬱量表、自尊量表及人際關係量表等研究工具，獲得所需資料，再以描述統計、t檢定、皮爾遜績差相關、多元逐步迴歸分析以及階層迴歸分析等方法，進行統計分析。主要研究結果如下： 1. 大學生之整體復原力大致良好；尤其在社會資源、家庭團結、社交能力、未來組織風格以及個人強度等方面的復原力，均有良好的表現。 2. 大學生輕度至中度憂鬱者佔全體大學生的48.10%，且2/3以上的大學生有輕度以上的憂鬱行為表現。 3. 女大學生的「家庭團結」與「社會資源」的復原力表現較男大學生佳。 4. 不同性別、年級的大學生，其自尊與整體復原力之間，均存有顯著中度正相關的關係；而其自尊與憂鬱行為表現之間，均存有顯著中度負相關的關係。 5. 女大學生及大一學生的自尊與「個人強度」復原力之間，存有顯著高度正相關的關係。 6. 不同性別、年級的大學生，其人際關係與整體復原力間，存有顯著中度正相關的關係；而其人際關係與憂鬱行為表現間，存有顯著低度負相關的關係。 7. ｢自尊｣最能有效預測不同性別、年級之大學生的整體復原力及憂鬱行為表現。 8. 人際關係的｢自我揭露度｣，為預測男女大學生及大一學生復原力的第二高變項。 9. 人際關係的「和諧度」能顯著預測大三學生的復原力。 10. 人際關係的｢合作度｣，能預測男大學生與年級不同大學生的憂鬱行為表現。 11. ｢個人強度｣復原力最能預測女大學生及大一學生的憂鬱行為表現。 12. ｢社會資源｣復原力可預測男大學生與大一學生的憂鬱行為表現。 13. 不同性別、年級大學生的復原力，能在其自尊與憂鬱行為表現間，扮演調節的作用。 14. 不同性別、年級大學生的復原力，能在其人際關係與憂鬱行為表現間，扮演調節的作用。 本研究根據上述各項結果加以討論，並提出數點建議，以供後續相關實務工作及研究的參考。 / The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationships between the university students’ self-esteem, interpersonal relationship, resilience and depression. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to the university students in Taiwan, and the valid sample size was 558. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, Pearson's correlation analysis, multiple stepwise regression analysis and hierarchical regression analysis. The major results of the study are as follows. 1. The university students’ resilience and its factors including social resource resilience, family solidarity resilience, social skill resilience, future organizational style resilience and personal strength resilience were all above the medium level. 2. There were 48.1 percent of university students had mild to moderate depression, and two-thirds of university students had mild depression to severe depression. 3. Female students’ family solidarity resilience and social resource resilience were higher than male students. 4. Significant moderate positive correlations were found between university students’ self-esteem and resilience no matter what gender or grade they were. And there were significant moderate negative correlations between their self-esteem and depression. 5. Significant highly positive correlations were found between both female and freshman students’ self-esteem and personal strength resilience. 6. Significant moderate positive correlations were found between university students’ interpersonal relationship and resilience no matter what gender or grade they were. And there were significant moderate negative correlations between their interpersonal relationship and depression. 7. Self-esteem was the most predictive variable of university students’ resilience and depression. 8. The self-disclosure factor of interpersonal relationship was the second predictive variable of resilience of freshman students and both male and female students. 9. The harmonious factor of interpersonal relationship was the most predictive variable of junior students’ resilience. 10. The cooperation factor of interpersonal relationship was the most predictive variable of depression of male students and both freshman and junior students. 11. The personal strength resilience was the most predictive variable of depression of both female and freshman students. 12. The social resource resilience could valid predict both male and freshman students’ depression. 13. The resilience of university students had moderate effect between their self-esteem and depression no matter what gender or grade they were. 14. The resilience of university students had moderate effect between their interpersonal relationship and depression no matter what gender or grade they were. Both academic and practical implications based on the findings and discussions had been provided for the reference of future studies.

The main aims of the thesis are: to explore the development of Swedish university students’ vocabulary knowledge, size and depth and vocabulary use (i.e. lexical richness) in their written output, to examine the relationship between these, their relationship to examination grades, and to investigate how these relationships develop over time. The results showed that over one year of university studies stronger links between the two dimensions of vocabulary knowledge, size and depth are established. No relationship was found between informants’ vocabulary size and lexical richness. However, a modest relationship was found between depth and the lexical richness of student essays. Furthermore, there was a modest relationship between vocabulary knowledge and academic performance. A weaker significant, relationship was found between lexical richness of student essays and academic performance as reflected in the course grade. However, the study did not show evidence of a relationship between lexical richness and essay grade, which seems to indicate that lexical richness, is not an essential criterion in teachers’ assessment of essays. In regard to the development of the informant’s vocabulary knowledge, there was a significant growth in their productive size and depth of vocabulary knowledge after both one and two terms. The informants’ receptive size was found to only develop over two terms of study. Moreover, they produced lexically richer essays in their second term than in their first term of study. The results of the study are discussed in light of the effect of similar learning experience at university and the onset vocabulary ability of the informants. Moreover, the findings are discussed from the perspective of pedagogical implications and vocabulary assessment.

This study examined lifestyle changes as related to the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in Chinese students at Oregon State University (OSU). The study population included male students or scholars from the People's Republic of China who were attending OSU during spring term 1992. Fifty subjects were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire included eight categories of information: (1) bodyweight and blood pressure, (2) diet, (3) alcohol consumption, (4) cigarette smoking, (5) physical activity, (6) psychological stress, (7) acculturation factors, and (8) demographic factors. Results indicated that for this group of Chinese students, bodyweight, consumption of dietary fat, dairy products, soft drinks, and psychological stress had increased significantly during their stay in the US. Meanwhile, the level of physical activity had decreased. These changes, especially if continued, may have the potential to increase their risk of developing CHD. On the other hand, there were no significant changes in blood pressure and alcohol consumption. For cigarette smokers, smoking had decreased. In their responses to the open-ended questions, the reasons given for bodyweight changes included diet, decreased physical activity, and increasing age. Diet changes were attributed to food availability, relative price, and convenience. For decreased cigarette smoking, lack of smoking environment was considered to be the most important factor. Automobile use, limited spare time, and no friend to play with were the reasons for decreased physical activity. Finally, pressure in school, financial difficulty, and worrying about future were considered to be the reasons for increased psychological stress. Multiple regression analysis indicated that the length of US stay and decreased physical activity were significant predictors for bodyweight gain. The length of US stay was also a significant predictor for changes in total dietary fat. Having financial aid from school was associated with decreased physical activity. Living as single was significantly associated with increased psychological stress. This study failed to identify any significant associations between acculturation factors and changes in the CHD risk factors. / Graduation date: 1993

The purpose of the present study was to examine the role of gender and perceived career barriers in career commitment of university students. Participants were 437 (231 females, 206 males) volunteered students from the five faculties of Middle East Technical University (METU). A pilot study was carried out with 285 (122 males and 163 females) volunteered students of METU for the adaptation of Commitment to Career Choices Scale (CCCS). The results of exploratory factor analysis yielded a 28&ndash / item scale with two factors / Vocational Exploration and Commitment (VEC) and Tendency to Foreclose (TTF). As for the main purpose of the present study, CCCS was administered to the students together with the Perceived Career Barriers Qustionnaire measured by 11 barriers identified by the researcher as personality characteristics, interests, ability, gender effect, vocational knowledge, economic gain opportunity, employment opportunity, work conditions, other life choices (e.g., marriage, child, etc.), expectations of family and expectations of partner. The results of multiple regression analysis revealed that VEC scores as measured by CCCS were predicted by three independent variables of vocational knowledge, employment opportunities and personality characteristics. This result indicated that the students who had high perception of barrier on vocational knowledge, employment opportunity and personality characteristics had low commitment to their career choices. The second regression analysis revealed that TTF scores as measured by CCCS were predicted only by employment opportunities, indicating that the students who had higher perception of employment opportunity as a barrier also had lower level of tendency to foreclose and they had a tendency to evaluate different career options. Findings are discussed within the framework of career counseling research and practice.

This study aims to discover the perceptions of the visually disabled students at a public university in Ankara, Turkey for attending and participating in an online communication and discussion environment on the Web to access information and establish social relationships with others. The purpose of this research is six folds: (1) to investigate the current status of the visually disabled university students at a public university in Ankara, Turkey for accessing and using computers and the Internet, (2) to learn the kind of web sites that those students prefer to visit on the Internet, (3) to discover the topics and subject they prefer to see in the Web forum that will be designed and developed for them, (4) to identify the topics and subjects in the Web forum that those visually disabled university students mostly visited for reading, replying and adding new titles under them, (5) to show the effects of the Web forum on the participants for accesing information and establishing social relationships with others, (6) to learn the views and opinions of those visually v disabled university students about that Web forum after actively participating and spending meaningful time in it. In this study, mixed research method is used. The participants of this study were the visually disabled students of a public university in Ankara, Turkey and found by the researcher with the help of an academician colleague working in the Special Education Department under the Faculty of Education in that university. In that university, there were totally 39 visually disabled students and 36 of them accepted to be enrolled in this study on a voluntary basis. Within the scope of the study, &ldquo / EnabledForum - EngelsizForum&rdquo / was designed and developed by the researcher as a communication and discussion environment for those visually disabled university students for enabling them to establish social relationships with others via submitted posts for the topics and subjects of the forum. Moreover, this forum helped those visually disabled university students for accessing up-to-date information from the Web based sources. Finally, the usage logs of the &ldquo / EnabledForum - EngelsizForum&rdquo / helped the researcher to analyse and report which topics and subjects were mostly interested by those visually disabled university students.