M.A. / This study emerged out of the understanding that xenophobia has become a contentious issue in South Africa. International migrants have increasingly become victims of xenophobia at the hands of South African citizens. It was anchored by a commitment to shed some light on the nature of xenophobia in South Africa by examining the experiences of international students in Johannesburg. There is, indeed, evidence of some tension between a fraction of the South African population and international migrants from other African countries. In examining the experiences of international students and their views about xenophobia, the study concluded that the country’s segregated history was a contributing factor to the negative behaviour of citizens towards non-citizens. Although international students have the potential to strengthen both the development of South African institutions of higher learning and the economy at large, they are, instead sometimes regarded as being here to disrupt the social order. Even though all international students share the same sense of need to meet and get along with others in the new country, African students endure special difficulties. For, whatever unfortunate reasons, some universities seem not to be doing much to enlighten their local students about other African countries, cultures and histories. Students from elsewhere in Africa often find their South African classmates to be rather uninformed when it comes to appreciating their heritage. This lack of knowledge often sets the stage for xenophobic sentiments between the locals, international migrants in general, and international students in particular. / Prof. P. Alexander

A topic of my thesis is gamification and fantasy games. The main goal of this research was analyzing the situation in Czech Republic and finding out if fantasy games have an influence on a reading of sport servers. In theory part of this project, gamification and fantasy games are clearly defined. The biggest gamification projects in the world are introduced, as well as the trials of gamification in Czech Republic and a chosen game from abroad. In practical part, the situation on Czech Republic's fantasy games market is analyzed, the two biggest representatives are compared and an influence on reading of sport servers is researched.

This dissertation addresses an ignored [partly for its controversial nature] aspect of Nietzschean philosophy: that of the role of modern woman in the creation of a future horizon. Details of the effects of the Enlightenment, Christianity and democracy upon society are discussed, as well as effects on the individual, particularly woman. After this forward look at the changes anticipated by Nietzsche, the traditional roles of woman as the eternal feminine, wife and mother are debated. An argument for the necessity of a continuation of the battle of the sexes, and the struggle among men and women in a context of sexual love and friendship is given. This mutual affirmation must occur through the motivation of pride and not vanity. In conclusion, I argue that one possible avenue for change is a Nietzschean call for a modern revaluation of values by noble woman in conjugation with her warrior scholar to bring about the elevation of mankind.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / At primary school learners are excited about mathematics. This may be an indication that learning related to familiar contexts, connected to the learners’ interests, values and goals is necessary for motivation. At secondary school level learners begin to question the applicability of certain topics in the school syllabus and sometimes do not see the necessity of mathematics in their future careers. This is an indication that they are apprehensive regarding the relevance of mathematics in various contexts. However, relevance has a point of reference, what is relevant to a teacher is not necessarily relevant to the learner and what is relevant to a text book writer might not be relevant to the text book reader. As mathematics educators endeavour to encourage learners to appreciate the relevance of mathematics to everyday life, it is important to be aware of their interests. It is crucial to be informed on the subject areas they desire to know about in order to plan classroom activities that will occupy them in purposeful activity.Usually contexts for learning are chosen by adults without conferring with learners at any point. The present study investigated learners' preferences for contexts to use in learning school mathematics. Furthermore the study sought to establish motivations learners have for preferring particular contexts. The problem the study addressed was that of absence of learners' contribution in contexts used to learn mathematics. The aim was to find out the contexts learners preferred and the reasons they gave for their preferences. It is important to be aware of learners' preferences when choosing contexts to use in teaching. Preferences improve motivation and learning. Furthermore, consulting them sends a message that they matter and have an important role to play in their education. / South Africa

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Social-studies is introduced to the students in first grade and is found in the childrens curriculum up to the ninth grade. The elementary school includes the subject as part of the SO- subjects, which includes geography, religion and history. The students knowledge that they get from the elementary school form the basis for future studies in upper secondary school. The teaching that is designed in the upper secondary school should be based on the students 'prior knowledge and the students' perceptions of the subject. The purpose of this study is to investigate the students' perceptions of the subject social- studies. The purpose is to create an understanding of how high-school students look at social- studies, that later can be used in the design of teaching in high school. Twenty-five students attending grade 9 in elementary school have been interviewed trough semi-structured interviews. The perceptions of social literacy as a subject have been analyzed on the basis of Lindmark's (2013) subject conceptions that have been adapted to suit students and their subject views. The subject concepts are facts and conceptual orientation, citizen skills orientation, fundamental values and societal analytics. The results show that students generally have a difficulty in defining what the subject of social science is and its content. Students believe that the subject is important and especially important for the future of adulthood and for future studies. Only two of the four subject concepts were represented in the students. The interviews show that the students have a fact and conceptual subject perception and a citizen skills oriented subject concept. This is in support of previous research which shows that teaching in the subject of social science often has a character of being factual and conceptual. / Ämnet samhällskunskap i grundskolan introduceras för eleverna i årskurs 1 och återfinns i elevernas kursplan till dess att de går i årskurs 9. I grundskolan ingår ämnet som en del av de så kallade SO- ämnena där ämnena geografi, religion och historia ingår. Den kunskap som eleverna får med sig från grundskolan ska ligga till grund för kommande studier under gymnasietiden. Detta innebär att den undervisning som utformas i gymnasiet grundar sig utifrån elevernas tidigare kunskap och elevernas uppfattningar av ämnet. Studien har som syfte att undersöka högstadieelevers uppfattningar av ämnet samhällskunskap. Syftet är att skapa en förståelse för hur högstadieelever ser på ämnet samhällskunskap som senare kan användas i utformandet av undervisning på gymnasiet. 25 elever som går i årskurs 9 i grundskolan har intervjuats via semistrukturerade intervjuer. Uppfattningarna av samhällskunskap som ämne har analyserats utifrån Lindmark (2013) ämneskonceptioner som har anpassats för att passa elever och deras ämnesuppfattningar. Ämneskonceptionerna är fakta och begreppsinriktning, medborgarfärdighetsinriktning, värdegrundsinriktning och samhällsanalytisk inriktning. Resultatet visar att eleverna generellt har svårt att precisera vad ämnet samhällskunskap är och dess innehåll. Eleverna anser att ämnet är viktigt och att det är speciellt viktigt för framtida vuxenliv och för framtida studier. Resultatet av undersökningen visar att det endast var två av de fyra ämneskonceptionerna som fanns representerade hos eleverna. Intervjuerna visar att eleverna har till större del fakta och begreppsinriktad ämnesuppfattning och en medborgarfärdighetsinriktad ämnesuppfattning. Detta ligger till stöd för tidigare forskning som visar att undervisningen inom ämnet samhällskunskap ofta har en karaktär av att vara fakta och begrepps inriktad.

Raven's Song is an original musical dramatizing the conflict between paganism and Christianity. The play revolves around a woman who has become disillusioned by her people and her gods. The only gods she has ever known were blood-thirsty, appeased only by the blood and entrails of human sacrifice. Therefore, Raven resists all religion. Through providential circumstances, she is married into a Christian family and is overwhelmed by their love, and the kindness of their God. In search for truth, Raven begins to question her disbelief. All men search for truth in their own way, and all, at one time, will question the existence and nature of God. The play does not presume to answer these questions, but allows each participant to decide for himself, as Raven must decide for herself.

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京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(情報学) / 甲第22095号 / 情博第705号 / 新制||情||121(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院情報学研究科知能情報学専攻 / (主査)教授 西田 豊明, 教授 河原 達也, 教授 黒橋 禎夫 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Informatics / Kyoto University / DFAM

Det står ingenstans i styrdokumenten att skolan ska vara rolig och att det är det undervisningen ska fokusera på. Men det är oftast mer intressant för elever att lära om undervisningen är rolig. Ämnesintegrerat arbete beskrivs i den här kunskapsöversiktens artiklar som ett roligt sätt både att undervisa på och att ta in nya kunskaper. Vidare står det i Läroplanen för grundskolan, förskoleklassen och fritidshemmet (Lgr11) (Skolverket 2011, rev. 2019, s. 8) att ”alla som arbetar i skolan ska organisera och genomföra arbetet så att eleven får möjlighet att arbeta ämnesövergripande.” Kunskapsöversiktens syfte är att undersöka lärares tankar kring ämnesintegrerat arbetssätt. Det här syftet mynnade ut i frågeställningen ”Vad är grundskollärares inställningar till ämnesintegrerat arbete?”. Inställningar syftar till lärarnas åsikter, känslor och attityder till att arbeta ämnesintegrerat. Efter att vi identifierat kunskapsöversiktens syfte kunde vi ta fram nyckelord med hjälp av syftet. Nyckelord nummer ett var ämnesintegrering och vi försökte sedan finna synonymer och begrepp på engelska. Anledningen till att vi ville finna synonymer var för att bredda vår möjlighet till urval av sökresultat. Ämnesintegrering kan benämnas som exempelvis ämnesövergripande vilket det gör i Lgr11 (Skolverket 2011, rev. 2019). Nyckelorden sökte vi på i databaser och de artiklar vi fick fram läste vi titeln på. I de artiklar vars titlar som var relevanta till syftet läste vi sedan abstract. Ansåg vi fortfarande att artikeln besvarade syftet läste vi igenom hela artikel. Resultatet visade att majoriteten av lärarna ansåg att den främsta anledningen till att arbeta ämnesintegrerat är den vinst som det ger eleverna. Eleverna får ett meningsfullt lärande genom att de får ett helhetsperspektiv på området och kan göra vardagsanknytningar till sitt liv utanför skolan. Vi kunde också finna att lärarna hade två olika sätt att se på begreppet ämnesintegrerat arbetsätt. Det ena sättet var att arbeta integrerat med närbesläktade ämnen och det andra vara att integrera två eller flera av skolans ämnen som inte var närbesläktade, som exempelvis matematik och musik.