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The reception of the german dialect of the gregorian chant between 1900 an aprox. 1950 (Abstract) In today's musicology, the germanic chant dialect («germanischer Choraldialekt») ist nearly unimportant. Especially in the first half of the 20th century, it was very different. In particular, the invention of the term by Peter Wagner of Fribourg in 1925 promoted the perception of a melodic phenomenon, which can be found equally in many sources of plain chant in central europe. The oldest witnesses of the phenomenon are adiastematic sources, the youngest ones were restored, restituted or newly composed in the first half of the 20th century. So this tradition is existing for more than 1000 years. The present work examines how this tradition has been scientifically, historically and practically elaborated in the last century. The chapter on the history of research shows that the phenomenon of the germanic chant dialect was still considered a local tradition of individual dioceses or monasteries in the 19th century. Michael Hermesdorff from Trier was the first to recognize striking similarities between these fragmented traditions; his pupil Peter Wagner founded the basics of the scientific research. Not all musicologists agreed with Wagner's findings and explanations, but his term and his theory prevailed. In the...

Cette version de la thèse a été tronquée des certains éléments protégés par le droit d’auteur. Une version plus complète est disponible en ligne pour les membres de la communauté de l’Université de Montréal et peut aussi être consultée dans une des bibliothèques UdeM. / Si Norman McLaren (1914-1987) œuvre principalement dans le domaine onirique de l’animation, David Cronenberg (1943-), parfois surnommé « The Baron of Blood », réalise des films de fiction appartenant à un genre singulier qu’il a lui-même développé, celui de « l’horreur intérieure ». Que peuvent donc partager ces deux cinéastes aux univers a priori si distincts ? Chacun a construit une relation à long terme avec un compositeur : Maurice Blackburn (1914-1988) pour le premier, Howard Shore (1946-) pour le second. Mais si les univers des deux réalisateurs ont été maintes fois investigués, l’apport de leurs compositeurs respectifs demeure peu examiné. Or, d’un univers à l’autre, la musique semble jouer un rôle de toute première importance, chacun des compositeurs étant impliqué très tôt dans le processus cinématographique. Cette implication précoce dans la création collective est indicatrice de la place et du rôle centraux qu’occupent Blackburn et Shore et leur musique au sein de l’œuvre de McLaren, d’une part, et de Cronenberg, de l’autre. De la sorte, les partitions semblent ne pouvoir être considérées comme une simple illustration sonore des films, mais comme une composante tout à fait fondamentale, relançant dès lors la question du rôle de la musique au cinéma : comment le définir ? En outre, au fil de la rencontre continue sur plusieurs films, musique et cinéma en sont venus à un entrelacement tel qu’un style singulier de musicalisation des images se serait développé : quels sont les traits qui définissent ce style ? D’une collaboration à l’autre, cette thèse cherche à établir une poïétique de la création musico-filmique ; elle cherche à décrire et à comprendre les processus créateurs filmique et musical qui déterminent la composition d’une musique de film et, plus encore, une musicalité de tout le complexe audio-visuel. À travers des portraits examinant la pratique et le discours des créateurs et quatre analyses de bandes sonores (A Phantasy de Norman McLaren, Jour après jour de Clément Perron, Crash et A Dangerous Method de David Cronenberg), des liens se tissent peu à peu entre les pensées et les pratiques des deux compositeurs qui développent des stratégies similaires et originales face aux problèmes que leur posent les œuvres de McLaren (l’indissociabilité de la musique et de l’image) et de Cronenberg (la « transformation de l’esthétique humaine »). D’un binôme à l’autre, le cinéma se transforme en un laboratoire musico-filmique où chacun élabore une « méthode dangereuse » qui force l’analyste à explorer de nouvelles avenues méthodologiques. / Norman McLaren’s (1914-1987) animation work evokes a primarily dream-like world. David Cronenberg (1943-), also sometimes known as the “Baron of Blood,” makes fiction films that belong to a singular genre he developed: the “inner horror.” So what can these two filmmakers possibly have in common? They both built a long-term relationship with composers: Maurice Blackburn (1914-1988) for the former and Howard Shore (1946-) for the latter. Though the distinct approaches of these two directors have been widely studied, the weight of the contributions of their respective composers remains largely unmeasured. And this, despite the fact that music seems to play a primary role in these two directors’ process since, in each instance, the composer is involved very early on. This unusually early involvement of the composer, and the ongoing collaboration it entails, are indicative of the central place and role held by Blackburn and Shore’s music in McLaren’s work on the one hand, and Cronenberg’s on the other. This considered, their scores must no longer be seen as direct sound illustration of the films, but rather as essential components of the films, even though such a stance forces us to rethink how we define the role of music in film. Furthermore, from film to film, music and cinema become so intertwined that a singular style of musicalization of the image develops, begging the question: what are the characteristics of this style? From one collaboration to the other, this thesis seeks to establish a poietic of film-music creation; it looks to describe the cinematic and musical creative processes that determine the composition of film music and, beyond that, the musicality of the entire audio-visual complex. Through portraits that investigate the practice and discourse of creators and through the analysis of four soundtracks (A Phantasy by Norman McLaren, Day After Day by Clément Perron, Crash and A Dangerous Method by David Cronenberg), the thoughts and practices of the two composers, who develop similar innovative strategies to solve the problems posed by the works of McLaren (the inseparability of music and image) and Cronenberg (the “transformation of human aesthetics”), are gradually connected. From one duo to another, cinema becomes a musical and cinematic laboratory where each develops a “dangerous method” which forces the analyst to explore new methodological avenues.

This thesis addresses the role of the birth complex in Friedrich Nietzsche’s philosophy and in Richard Wagner’s operas. I see the birth complex as characterised by a dialectical relation between flesh and light, which is itself polarised by the tension between desire and anxiety. A structural determinant of the human relation to the world, this complex in my argument is of special importance for understanding the roles given to and assumed by women. Wagner gave the birth complex its first comprehensive elaboration through his operas. This, I contend, is the aspect of Wagner’s work that Nietzsche in his writings particularly reacted to through the ambivalent fascination it awakened in him. I argue that, even after Nietzsche’s break from Wagner, the birth complex remains central in his philosophy. The primary reference I build on here is Otto Rank’s theory of birth trauma, as set out in Das Trauma der Geburt (1924). To me, Rank’s theorisation of the trauma of birth is a translation into psychoanalytic language of Nietzsche’s philosophy, which itself arose with a translation into philosophical language of Wagner’s operas. In this thesis I build especially on Rank’s formulation of the tension between desire and anxiety and on his suggestions concerning the causes of the undoing of women. However, Rank did not take into account what I contend is a key aspect of both Nietzsche’s and Wagner’s work: the role of light in its dialectical relation with the flesh. By flesh I mean the interiority of the mother’s body and, by extension, the human body insofar as it is conceived through its relation to the maternal body. In the first main section of my PhD, I propose a theoretical understanding of the birth complex through an analysis of Nietzsche’s philosophy. I start with his writings pro and contra Wagner, showing that what Nietzsche primarily sees in Wagner’s operas is the birth complex. I then go on to argue that Nietzsche’s philosophy of life and of creativity is an exploration of the ways in which birth could be overcome. The second main section of my PhD is dedicated to Wagner, with largely text-based readings of three operas. I first discuss the extent to which death in Der fliegende Holländer and in the Freudian conception of the death drive is a mask for birth. I then tackle Tristan und Isolde and its famous celebration of night and death, in order to investigate whether love can be reduced to the birth complex. The last chapter of this section presents a close analysis of Das Rheingold and especially of its first scene and of Wagner’s indications on lighting. In a third and shorter section, I show that Hugo von Hofmannsthal’s and Richard Strauss’s Elektra pursued and reviewed this fundamental preoccupation of Nietzsche’s and Wagner’s work in proposing a further formulation of the birth complex that incorporates the scene of matricide. Finally, as a coda to the thesis, I explore the extent to which the uses of stage lighting pioneered by Adolphe Appia have been coming to terms with the birth complex.

What makes a community sustainable? Is it the effective management of local environmental resources? Or meeting the social, economic and health needs of its population? For the five UBC researchers in the following pages, the answer is unequivocally both. From tackling water scarcity to environmental health and planning, these researchers are individually working to ensure local communities are equipped with the necessary knowledge to remain sustainable for generations to come.

The composer Stefans Grové not only contributed to South African art music but also achieved success in the field of literature. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between his prose and his music and determine the influence of word art on meaning in his compositions. The relationship between literature and music is explored as background to the investigation of Grové’s oeuvre. The role of music in Grové’s short stories and sketches is determined. It seems that music is not a significant theme of these tales but rather has a supporting function. In some stories music plays no role at all. However, these narratives do provide a great deal of biographical and cultural information. Word art is an essential part of Grové’s compositions and plays a key role in the determining and communication of meaning. His art reflects the variety of cultures native to South Africa. These cultural influences are manifested in his compositions and are reinforced by the accompanying word art. The need for a comprehensive biography about Grové’s contribution as academic, composer, critic and writer has been identified during the course of this study. / Dissertation (MMus (Music Science))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Music / MMus / unrestricted

1 ABSTRACT This thesis describes the theatre reform at the turn of 19th and 20th century in its wider sociocultural concept. It focuses on the reaction of theatre to the modernistic crisis of European culture and society. Modernism is understood here according to its wider thematic and chronological definition. Modernism is based on the conception of machine civilization as it was defined by a Polish sociologist Jerzy Jedlicki. Jedlicki places the rise of modernistic cultural formation into the second half of 18th century which is when a steam engine was invented and it was a time of social turbulence and changes in human spirituality. Another theoretical frame of the thesis is created by utopia phenomenon as it was defined by Jerzy Szacki. Second half of 20th century is considered to be the end of modernism, inasmuch the utopic visions which had been placed on theatre faded away. The main topic of the thesis is Juliusz Osterwa's and Mieczyslaw Limanowski's theatre studio Reduta. It was founded in Warsaw in 1919 and it was to a great extend inspired by Moscow theatre studios of Stanislavsky and by Polish theatre sources (Stanislaw Wyspianski). By studying selected examples, the thesis studies Reduta as a realisation of modernistic utopia when theatre was supposed to carry a special mission in renaissance of...

Esta dissertação trata da avenida Farrapos, uma das principais radiais da cidade de Porto Alegre. Embora inaugurada no ano de 1940, desde 1914 já existia como proposta. Estava inserida no contexto de mudanças ocorridas em Porto Alegre que tinham por objetivo modernizar a cidade, adaptando-a às novas exigências. Apesar de sua importância e do patrimônio arquitetônico que nesta se encontra, a avenida Farrapos não recebe a atenção que merece visto que aquela área da cidade sofreu um processo de degradação, que resultou no repúdio da maioria das pessoas. Neste estudo, buscou-se resgatar elementos históricos, urbanos e arquitetônicos da referida via, a fim de resgatar a sua importância e identificar em que aspectos esta foi resultado da “modernidade”.

Esta dissertação trata da avenida Farrapos, uma das principais radiais da cidade de Porto Alegre. Embora inaugurada no ano de 1940, desde 1914 já existia como proposta. Estava inserida no contexto de mudanças ocorridas em Porto Alegre que tinham por objetivo modernizar a cidade, adaptando-a às novas exigências. Apesar de sua importância e do patrimônio arquitetônico que nesta se encontra, a avenida Farrapos não recebe a atenção que merece visto que aquela área da cidade sofreu um processo de degradação, que resultou no repúdio da maioria das pessoas. Neste estudo, buscou-se resgatar elementos históricos, urbanos e arquitetônicos da referida via, a fim de resgatar a sua importância e identificar em que aspectos esta foi resultado da “modernidade”.

Esta dissertação trata da avenida Farrapos, uma das principais radiais da cidade de Porto Alegre. Embora inaugurada no ano de 1940, desde 1914 já existia como proposta. Estava inserida no contexto de mudanças ocorridas em Porto Alegre que tinham por objetivo modernizar a cidade, adaptando-a às novas exigências. Apesar de sua importância e do patrimônio arquitetônico que nesta se encontra, a avenida Farrapos não recebe a atenção que merece visto que aquela área da cidade sofreu um processo de degradação, que resultou no repúdio da maioria das pessoas. Neste estudo, buscou-se resgatar elementos históricos, urbanos e arquitetônicos da referida via, a fim de resgatar a sua importância e identificar em que aspectos esta foi resultado da “modernidade”.