This research study investigated intangible assets generated by sport event hosting, specifically in relation to those industries that could influence the planning and leveraging of this alternate value source at Rugby World Cup (RWC) 2015 host destinations. The industries under scrutiny were sport, public sector and tourism, and the sampled host destinations were Cardiff, Exeter, Brighton and Gloucester. The objectives of this thesis were threefold: (1) to respond to the lack of knowledge around the collaborative roles of sport, public sector and tourism organisations in sport event planning, (2) to pioneer representational capital, a concept that looks to examine the input of those pinpointed planners in the identification and valuation of intangible opportunities generated by hosting RWC 2015 fixtures, (3) to probe planning discourse for examples of leveraging representational capital. Expert opinions were captured from executive-level RWC 2015 planners, and supported by secondary data analysis. The findings showed that public sector and sport organisation planning representatives were key RWC 2015 planners and that tourism planners, at a destination level, were not key collaborators in central planning forums, but collaborated extensively with national and international tourism organisations on RWC 2015 planning matters. Additionally, the analysis uncovered that representational capital was predominantly made-up of three key intangible asset areas: destination image, exposure and reputation. Indeed, these intangible areas were recognised and valued by all three industries, but the data analysis indicated that the levels of collaboration between the sampled planning industries did not translate into collectively leveraging representational capital. Moreover, one of the main breakthroughs from this investigation was identifying the interconnected nature of a range of intangible assets in generating greater value, i.e. increasing representational capital available to planners. Representational capital was found to have a strong connection throughout the leveraging process, in terms of the maximisation strategy and planned outputs in RWC 2015 planning, further supporting the study project objective of investigating the intangible in relation to sport events.

This research interrogates South Korean women’s gender, ethnic and national identity construction revealed through sport spectacle. Two phases of the interviews were conducted for the research: focus group interviews during the 2004 Athens Olympics and individual interviews between March and April 2005, the period of the final qualifying stage for the 2006 FIFA World Cup. Newspaper extracts on the Olympics and the football matches were presented in the interviews. The analysis of the women’s identity construction was contextualized in relation to South Korea’s socio-cultural, historical and political networks. Globalisation provides the overall framework for the research. Globalisation has dramatically transformed the way people construct their relations to themselves, others and their nation. The research explored how the interviewed women produced and reproduced the meanings and values of the sport events and sport games in search for a sense of security and certainty in the ever-shifting global context. Their struggles to ‘live’ in the new social milieu, a process of reterritorialisation, were also analysed. Moreover, the women’s relationships with North Korea were examined based on the concepts of the ethnic identity and also of the nation as a historical community with shared culture, tradition and history. Although infamously labeled internationally as part of the ‘axis of evil’, North Korea provided a source of ambiguous identity to the interviewees. The women’s perceptions of Japan, South Korea’s old enemy, were also investigated around the themes of postcolonial identities. In addition, the research demonstrated the women’s gendered perceptions of sportswomen and sportsmen and an idea of nationhood represented by them.

This study aims to relate two peculiar events that marked the history of Brazil in relation to football: The 1950 and 2014 World Cup. The only two events held in Brazil were characterized by great preparation of the event infrastructure and enormous expectations of the crowd by winning the title, but it was not what happened. The two Brazilian Cups have been characterized by two very significant losses, the Maracanaço and Mineiraço, these were compared by fans and media and regarded as the worst defeats of the Brazilian team. To understand this problematic we carried out a Virtual Ethnography in Twitter platform in order to verify what users were commenting on the particular subject, as well as research in newspaper archives available online to also observe how the media have related these two Brazilian losses Thus, it was possible to understand with Maracanaço (1950) was gaining new meanings and updated with the new Brazilian defeat in 2014, the Mineiraço. / O presente trabalho tem por finalidade relacionar dois eventos peculiares que marcaram a história do Brasil em relação ao futebol: A Copa de 1950 e a de 2014. Os dois únicos eventos sediados no Brasil foram marcados pela grande preparação da infraestrutura do evento e enorme expectativa da torcida pela conquista do título, porém não foi o que aconteceu. As duas Copas do Brasil foram caracterizadas por duas derrotas muito significativas, o Maracanaço e o Mineiraço, essas que foram comparadas pelos torcedores e mídias e tidas como as piores derrotas da seleção brasileira. Para compreender essa problemática realizou-se uma Etnografia Virtual na plataforma Twitter com o objetivo de verificar o que os usuários estavam comentando sobre o determinado assunto, assim como, uma pesquisa nos acervos de jornais disponibilizados da forma online para também observar como as mídias relacionaram essas duas derrotas brasileiras. Assim, foi possível compreender com o Maracanaço (1950) foi ganhando novos significados e reatualizado com a nova derrota brasileira em 2014, o Mineiraço.

Are incipient the studies on fields sports using tools to precision agriculture (PA). The aim of this study was to evaluate the spatial variability of soil properties in a pitch football, using PA techniques, in order to provide enhancements to the lawn. The study was conducted on a pitch football with dimensions of 100m x 70m belonging to Itapagé Esporte Clube in the city of Frederico Westphalen (RS). The area was divided into a sampling grid of 10 x 7m, totaling 100 sampling points, where samplings were carried out in depth from 0.00 to 0.10 m. The attributes analyzed were : clay content, phosphorus ( P ), potassium ( K ), pH in water and organic matter (OM ). The attributes were analyzed using descriptive statistics, obtaining the position measurements (minimum, average and maximum) of dispersion (standard deviation, coefficient of variation, coefficient of skewness and kurtosis coefficient) and checking the existence of central tendency data (normality). The values of coefficient of variation (CV) were classified as low (CV < 15 %), medium (15 < CV < 35 %) and high (CV > 35 %) variability. To spatial characterization of the soil properties (clay, phosphorus, potassium, pH and organic matter in water) were generated thematic maps and maps correction for P and K. The models have been structured using kriging interpolation method by means of Surfer 11® software. The use of PA tools was useful for characterization of soil properties on the lawn of previously established football. Clay contents ranged between 36 and 61 %. P and K showed high and medium spatial variability respectively, requiring correction variable rate whereas soil pH and organic matter showed low and medium spatial variability, respectively. The actions resulting from this research can contribute to the management of pitch football in Brazil. / Ainda são incipientes os estudos em gramados esportivos usando ferramentas de agricultura de precisão (AP). O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a variabilidade espacial de atributos do solo em um gramado de futebol utilizando técnicas de AP, com o intuito de proporcionar melhorias ao gramado. O estudo foi conduzido em um gramado de futebol com dimensões de 100m x 70m pertencente ao Esporte Clube Itapagé no município de Frederico Westphalen (RS). A área foi dividida em um grid amostral de 10 x 7m, totalizando 100 pontos amostrais, onde foram realizadas as coletas de solo, na profundidade de 0,00 - 0,10 m. Os atributos do solo analisados foram: teor de argila, fósforo (P), potássio (K), pH em água e matéria orgânica (MO). Os atributos foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva obtendo-se as medidas de posição (mínimo, média e máximo) de dispersão (desvio padrão, coeficiente de variação, coeficiente de assimetria e coeficiente de curtose) e verificando-se existência de tendência central (normalidade) dos dados. Os valores de coeficiente de variação (CV) foram classificados como de variabilidade baixa (CV<15%), média (15<CV<35%) e alta (CV>35%). Para à caracterização espacial, foram gerados mapas temáticos dos atributos do solo (Argila, fósforo, potássio, pH em água e matéria orgânica) sendo, gerados mapas de correção para P e K. Os modelos foram estruturados utilizando-se método de interpolação krigagem, por meio do software Surfer 11®. A utilização de ferramentas de AP foram uteis para a caracterização dos atributos do solo no gramado de futebol previamente estabelecido. Os teores de argila variaram entre 36 e 61%. P e K apresentaram alta e media variabilidade espacial respectivamente, necessitando de correção em taxa variável enquanto que, o pH do solo e a matéria orgânica apresentaram baixa e media variabilidade espacial, respectivamente. As ações resultantes desta pesquisa podem contribuir para o manejo dos gramados de futebol do Brasil.

From an analysis of the literature it is apparent that there has been no concerted effort to date to undertake a coherent and integrated assessment of the application of e-marketing in sport mega-events. A strategic evaluation of the e-marketing initiatives implemented since 2000 during national and international mega events, indicates that e-marketing, in most instances, took place in a limited and fragmented manner. However a further analysis of these case studies provides valuable perspectives and lessons that could inform the research process related to e-marketing during the 2010 FIFA Soccer World CupTM. Against this background each of the selected sport mega-events since 2000 was investigated in terms of how e-marketing technology was used in the particular event, the e-marketing challenges experienced, the key e-marketing lessons learnt and the apparent e-marketing critical success factors related to these events. The theoretical context and the lessons learnt from previous mega-event case studies provided the background and frame of reference for the empirical research into the use of e-marketing during the 2010 Soccer World CupTM. The key envisaged outcome was to theoretically develop an e-marketing framework that can serve as a guideline to fully optimise e-marketing in future sports mega-events. The research findings were presented and the 16 critical e-marketing success factors (CSFs) that may contribute to the success of sport mega-events were identified. Specific conclusions were made based on the results obtained and specific actions were recommended for future additional research in the sport mega-events field. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2013 / Tourism Management / PhD / Unrestricted

This master thesis dissertation analyzes what kind of humanitarian issues can arise when international sporting events, such as the World Cup, are connected with powerful, global sporting organizations such as FIFA. It asks whether or not FIFA takes into consideration the positive and negative consequences that such an event might have on human rights? Or if FIFA chooses to ignore these rights in preference of organizational gain? For my investigation I decided to choose FIFA because it is one of the most important sports organizations in the world and wields a great deal of power thanks to its corporate partners and football's worldwide appeal. My hypothesis is simple: Decisions made by FIFA are heavily influenced by endemic corruption throughout the organization that does not prioritize citizen rights or human rights development more generally.

Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / gm2014 / Private Law / unrestricted

Name: Analysis of offensive futsal combinations and their practice Aims: The diploma thesis aims to analyse the offensive game combinations of an elite futsal FIFA team from the point of view of the progression of the match, with focus on its training methods. Methods: The thesis expertly evaluates video recordings of Kazakhstan team from its impersonal and structured observing. To interpret the data, qualitative approach was used, as based on notational analysis and graphical diagrams. Results: The thesis records the game co-operations which are the most important to successfully finish the offensive. It discovers several variations of gradual offensive with the emphasis on the detail of its execution. It also describes and illustrates the scheme of the "power play." The results are followed by the suggested training methods. Key words: tactics, strategy, technique, shooting, power play, World cup

SyfteDenna studies syfte var att undersöka om det finns ett samband mellan mellantid och sluttid på sprint prologer för herrar i världscuptävlingar, samt undersöka om förklaringsgraden för detta samband skiljer sig mellan tävlingsbanor med olika banprofil baserat på antal höjdmeter fram till mellantiden (CTC).MetoderAnalysen gjordes genom att ladda ner samtliga resultat från prologer från världscupen innehållande en mellantid efter 500-1000 m från säsongen 2017/2018 till 2019-2020. Sluttid, slutplacering och tid och placering vid mellantidsstation användes i den statistiska analysen. CTC beräknades genom att dividera klättrade höjdmeter från start till mellantid med respektive banas distans från start till mellantid. Baserat på olika banors CTC delades banorna in i 2 grupper, Level 1 (L1) banor med CTC ≤ 0,040 m/m och Level 2 (L2) CTC &gt; 0,040 m/m. För att bestämma om datan var normalfördelad användes Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Datan analyserades sedan med hjälp av Pearsons korrelation för att beräkna korrelationskoefficienten (r) vilken sedan kvadrerades för att få förklaringsgraden (r2).ResultatKorrelationsanalysen som genomförts visar ett signifikant resultat mellan mellantid och sluttid för alla analyserade prologer (0,63 &lt; r &lt; 0,95; alla p &lt; 0,001). Mellantiden förklarar 76 ± 12 % av variationen i sluttid, men ingen signifikant skillnad sågs för förklaringsgraden mellan tävlingsbanor med olika CTCSlutsatserSlutsatserna som kan dras av denna studie är att ett bra resultat vid mellantiden med stor sannolikhet kommer ge ett bra slutresultat, oberoende av banprofil. Framtida forskning behövs för att utvärdera vilken taktik åkarna väljer. / PurposeThe aim of this present study was to investigate if there is any correlation between intermediate station time and finish time in men’s cross-country ski sprint World Cup prologue. The second purpose was to identify if the correlation could depend on the morphology of the analysed courses. Methods Analyses were made on sprint prologues in World Cup, involving an intermediate time after 500-1000m from season 2017/2018 to 2019-2020. Intermediate time and finish time were used in statistical analysis. A coefficient of terrain characteristics (CTC) was calculated by dividing the high difference (HD) from the start to the position of the intermediate time station by the respectively covered distance. Based on CTC the different courses were categorized in two groups. Leve 1 (L1) courses with a CTC ≤ 0,040 m/m and Level 2 (L2) courses with a CTC &gt; 0,040 m/m. To identify if data were normally distributed Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used. The data were analysed using Pearson’s correlation to calculate the coefficient of variation (r) which was then squared to obtain the coefficient of determination (r2).ResultsThe correlation analysis shows that there were significant relationships between intermediate time and finish time for all analysed sprint prologues (0,63 &lt; r &lt; 0,95; all p &lt; 0,001). Intermediate time explains 76 ± 12 % of the variation in finish time, while no significant difference was seen for the determination coefficients between race tracks with different CTCConclusionsFast times at the intermediate time stations will most likely give good finish times, independent of terrain characteristics (CTC). Further researches are needed to evaluate which pacing profile skiers are using.

This thesis investigates Swedish people’s experiences following the FIFA World Cup 2022 in Qatar from a globality, cosmopolitanism, and cosmopolitanization perspective. The 2022 World Cup was controversial due to allegations of human rights violations in preparations for the Cup in Qatar as well as allegations of corruption within the FIFA organization. As a result, this thesis investigates how Swedish people's experiences may have been affected. This research seeks a link between a potential global mindset originating from globalization and the experiences of Swedish people following the Cup. Theories of globality, cosmopolitanism, and cosmopolitanization are all used to explore this. This thesis uses data from semi-structured interviews. Based on the data, this thesis concludes that awareness of human rights does affect Swedish people following the World Cup and that the media plays the most significant role in raising consciousness. Also, this thesis concludes that globality, cosmopolitanism, and cosmopolitanization may all be related to respondents' experiences or future visions of the Cup.