Syfte: Syftet med litteraturöversikten var att sammanställa aktuell forskning som beskriver hur det är att leva med Amyotrofisk Lateral Skleros (ALS). Metod: Vetenskapliga artiklar söktes i databaserna CINAHL och PubMed. Tolv artiklar med kvalitativ ansats valdes ut och kvalitetsgranskades enligt granskningsmall för kvalitativa studier. Huvudresultat: Resultatet visade att de som drabbades av ALS, en obotlig sjukdom, och deras närstående utsattes för stora psykologiska påfrestningar. Det fanns en rädsla och oro över att förlora kroppsfunktioner utan förvarning och detta medförde att patienter med ALS kände sig som fångar i den egna kroppen. Självförtroende och självkänsla rubbades negativt och bidrog till stunder av isolering, uppgivenhet och frustration. För att hantera sin livssituation använde sig patienter med ALS av olika strategier och livsstilsförändringar för att underlätta och möjliggöra ett oberoende i vardagen. Känslor av skuld och skam över familjens lidande i samband med sjukdomen ALS kunde bli en börda att bära för patienter med ALS och dessa känslor kunde generera till ett ökat kontrollbehov av omgivningen. Patienter med ALS hade kvar en känsla av hopp inför framtiden. Slutsats: Litteraturöversikten kan öka förståelsen hos sjuksköterskan och de närstående hur det är att leva med sjukdomen ALS och därmed skapa bättre individuella förutsättningar för god omvårdnad och god omsorg för patienter med ALS.

The relationships between service quality, consumer satisfaction, and loyalty have been widely discussed in the service marketing literature, but there is still an ongoing debate about these relationships because they have not been well studied in spectator sport industry (Theodorakis & Alexandris, 2008). Schmitt (2011) claimed that consumer experiential could be a new perspective for evaluating the nature of these relationships. However, experience marketing has some special and unique attributes requiring specific definitions in specific research contexts. Thus, the current research attempts to (1) identify what kinds of experiences are found in Taiwanese professional baseball games; (2) test models of relationships between consumer experience, service quality, satisfaction and loyalty taking into account the unique aspects of the specific context of Taiwanese professional baseball games; and (3) test the role of consumer experience on the relationships between perceived service quality, satisfaction and loyalty. In order to achieve the research aims, the current research adopted a mixed method approach using both qualitative and quantitative methods. Four focus groups, representing the qualitative stage, were conducted to acquire a better understanding of consumer experience types and characteristics in Taiwanese professional baseball games. The main findings of the focus groups are that (1) ordinary experiences include the game itself while additional events and activities characterise extraordinary experiences. However, (2) when games involve a special performance and record or modifies a ranking position, they can be seen as extraordinary experiences as well. Moreover, ordinary experience and extraordinary experiences also depend on clubs, game days, and stadiums. A questionnaire survey, representing the quantitative stage, was used to investigate the relationships between consume experience, service quality, consumer satisfaction and loyalty. The sampling strategy was designed based on the specific research context features (i.e., different clubs, dates and stadia), and 1,229 questionnaires were collected. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted in order to test the measurement model and compare theoretical models according to specific research context features. The main findings were that: (1) the degree of association between consumer experience and service quality is significant, (2) both direct and indirect relationships of consumer experience on consumer satisfaction and loyalty are significant, (3) only an indirect influence, via consumer satisfaction, of service quality on consumer loyalty is significant, (4) the differences of relationships are significant between clubs, but not significant between dates and stadia. The current research concluded that (1) consumer experience is an important dimension to take into consideration to better understand the formation of consumer loyalty, (2) there is a two-way relationship between service quality and consumer experience, (3) Intangible experience elements are captured by consumer experience while tangible experience elements are captured by service quality, (4) Extraordinary experiences in sport spectating events are highly dependent on situational factors, (5) specific research contexts features are important to take into consideration when conducting consumer experience research.

Bakgrund: Amyotrofisk lateralskleros, ALS, är en degenerativ förlamningssjukdom som inte går att bota. Det motoriska systemet bryts ned och leder till muskelsvaghet och begränsad rörlighet. Personer med ALS är medvetna om vad som händer runtomkring dem, men kan inte alltid förmedla sig med tal eller genom kroppsspråk då dessa funktioner kan ha gått förlorade. Syfte: Att beskriva personers upplevelser av att leva med ALS. Metod: En litteraturöversikt genomfördes. Litteraturöversikten bygger på tio vetenskapliga artiklar som alla analyserats med Fribergs femstegsmodell. Resultat: Att möta förluster, Att vara beroende av hjälp och Att finna ett betydelsefullt liv är de tre temana som presenteras i resultatet och beskriver personers upplevelse av att leva med ALS. Slutsats: Att leva med ALS innebär upplevelser av kroppsliga förluster, förlust av identiteten och förlust av framtiden. Att vara aktiv och leva i nuet kan göra det möjligt att finna mening i livet. Det är därför viktigt att det skapas möjligheter till ett aktivt liv.

Bakgrund: Antalet personer med fetma har fördubblats sedan 1980-talet. Fetma har visat sig öka risken för flertalet sjukdomar. Samhället är präglat av normer om hur en kropp bör se ut och stigmatiseringen av personer med fetma kan leda till att personer blir lidande. Även inom vården riskerar personer med fetma att mötas av negativa attityder, trots att alla har rätt till vård på lika villkor. Syfte: Att beskriva hur personer med fetma upplever mötet med vården. Metod: Litteraturöversikt med induktiv ansats där nio artiklar med kvalitativ metod inkluderats. Artiklarna har analyserats med stöd av Fribergs femstegsmodell. Resultat: Tre kategorier framkom i resultatet. Att mötas av okunskap, att vara utsatt samt stöd i mötet. Personer med fetma upplever att de blir bemötta på ett annorlunda sätt i vården på grund av sin vikt. Negativa kommentarer och icke anpassad utrustning bidrog till känslor av utsatthet och att vara annorlunda. Slutsats: Resultatet visar att personer med fetma upplevde att de blir bemötta annorlunda på grund av sin vikt när de söker vård. Genom att medvetandegöra mötets betydelse kan förhoppningsvis det öka kunskapen hos vårdpersonal kring vilka attityder och värderingar som påverkar hur de bemöter personer med fetma. / Background: The number of obese people has doubled since the 1980s. Obesity has been shown to increase the risk of other diseases. The community is characterized by standards of how the body should look and the stigmatization of people with obesity can cause people to suffer. These norms and images are perpetuated in health care, even though everyone is entitled to health care on equal terms. Aim: To describe how obese individuals experience health care. Method: A literature review has been made with an inductive approach. Nine articles were included, all with a qualitative approach. All articles have been analyzed according to Friberg’s five-step. Results: The results emerged in three categories: Being met with ignorance, being exposed and feeling of support. People with obesity felt that they were being treated differently because of their weight. Negative comments and inappropriate equipment contributed to feelings of being exposed and being different. Conclusion: The results show that obese people feel that they are treated differently because of their weight when they seek health care. By raising these issues health professional may become more aware of how their attitudes and values affect how they treat people with obesity.

Bakgrund: Diabetes mellitus typ 1 är en autoimmun sjukdom och antalet som insjuknar ökar varje år. Under ungdomstiden sker mycket i människans kropp och det kan vara en utmaning att balansera blodsockernivåer när hormonerna i kroppen svajar. Ungdomar med diabetes mellitus typ 1 står därför inför stora utmaningar för att lyckas med sin behandling. Syfte: Syftet är att belysa ungdomars upplevelser av att leva med diabetes mellitus typ 1. Metod: Metoden är en litteraturstudie baserad på både kvalitiva och kvantitativa studier. Analysen är genomförd utifrån en modell av Axelsson (2012). Resultat: I resultatet framkom att ungdomarna med diabetes mellitus typ 1 växte in i rollen i att bli mer självständiga i sin behandling. Detta var inte alltid lätt. Ungdomarna påverkades av hur deras vänner bemötte diagnosen, hur de blev bemötta av vården samt hur villiga deras föräldrar var att lämna över ansvaret. Resultatet presenteras utifrån fyra huvudteman samt nio subteman. Diskussion:I diskussionen tar vi upp vikten av att jobba med målet att patienten ska få kunskap så att denne kan sköta sin behandling självständigt. Vikten av stöd för att motverka känslor av skam för sjukdomen och dess behandling belyses också.

Contemporary higher education makes use of computers and the Internet more than ever before and the extent to which education is delivered via these media is only likely to increase in the future. While computer-mediated communication and education have been studied extensively, relatively little research has examined the potential impact of cultural background (e.g. social class) on students' experiences of different learning media. To address this gap, the current research uses a multi-sample (6 samples; n = 473), quasi-experimental approach to interrogate the relationship between student social class background and learning environment on various educational and individual outcomes. Examining a trichotomous (lower, middle, upper) conceptualization of social class across three distinct learning environments (face-to-face, computer-mediated, and fully-online) I find evidence of effects of student social class, learning environment and their interaction. In general, middle class students vary the least across conditions; lower class students tend to score lower on outcomes overall but with some notable exceptions for shared experience in face-to-face settings and comfort in online settings; and upper class students tend to experience a laboratory-based computer-mediated learning environment most positively. Implications for studying computer-mediated learning and social class are discussed, along with implications for real-world online education.

No description available.

Many within the industry, including designers, recognize the need to consider UX as the key to designing new products and services. As a consequence of this, the territory of UX has extended into many different industries and different disciplines. However, some practitioners still claim a UX project does not pay off even if they have improved UX. This way of thinking is induced from an old issue of UX. The term itself does not have a clear theoretical definition and it even makes a contradiction of itself. This phenomenon further aggravates the issue. The rapid expansion of UX territory made a gap between academia and practitioners. This research attempts to measure and examine the gap between academia and practitioners. A survey was conducted to observe how aware practitioners are of UX and their ability to recognize it as compared to the recent academia’s research.

Bakgrund: Diabetes typ 1 är en vanligt förekommande kronisk sjukdom. Att leva med diabetes typ 1 innebär att alltid behöva planera sin vardag. Sjuksköterskans roll handlar om att ge personcentrerad omvårdnad och uppmärksamma personen som lever med diabetes typ 1. Empowerment är ett centralt begrepp i diabetesvården som handlar om att personen ska uppleva egenmakt i sin livssituation. Syfte: Att beskriva personers upplevelse av att leva med diabetes typ 1 utifrån ökad egenkontroll. Metod: En litteraturöversikt med kvalitativa artiklar. Sökningarna resulterade i sju artiklar som analyserades induktivt utifrån Fribergs femstegsmodell. Resultat: Att leva med diabetes typ 1 innebar noggrann planering och rutiner i vardagen. Genom att acceptera sjukdomen och uppleva kontroll i sin situation ökade hanterbarheten. Att leva med diabetes typ 1 kunde innebära en ständig oro och rädsla för hypoglykemins följder samt långsiktiga komplikationer orsakade av hyperglykemi. Närstående hade en betydelsefull roll i att motivera och hjälpa personen med diabetes. Slutsats: Personer med diabetes typ 1 upplever sin vardag på olika sätt, det framkommer både upplevelser av hanterbarhet och upplevelser av begränsningar. Sjuksköterskan har därför en viktig roll i att identifiera och bekräfta dessa upplevelser hos personen som lever med diabetes typ 1. / Background: Diabetes type 1 is a common and chronic disease. Living with type 1 diabetes can be a big adjustment in a person's everyday life. The nurse’s responsibilty lies within a personcentred care and it is important to see the person behind the disease. The person living with diabetes need to experience empowerment in their lives and therefore empowerment is a key concept in diabetes care. Aim: To describe a person’s experience of living with diabetes type 1 by enhanced empowerment. Method: A literature review with qualitative articles. 7 articles  from the search was found, which was analyzed inductively by the five step model of Fribergs. Results: Living with type 1 diabetes meant careful planning and routines of the everyday life. By accepting the disease, it would also be manageable and it indicated the feeling of superiority in life. Living with the disease could cause a constant anxiety and fear of the complications of hypoglycaemia and the long-term complications of hyperglycaemia. Relatives had an important role and contributed with a feeling of safety in those who had diabetes type 1. Conclusion: The daily life of people with type 1 diabetes is experienced in many different ways. The nurse has an important role to identify and acknowledge the feelings that the person with diabetes type 1 is experiencing.

Within society Information Technology (IT) is becoming pervasive. This is no more pronounced than in Higher Education where IT is almost ubiquitously used. Current developments have also seen Web 2.0 tools such as wikis being used in pedagogical contexts. Research in computer anxiety has identified that quality of initial experience may be important in the onset of anxiety towards IT. However the concept of computer anxiety is too vague to reflect likely reactions to specific IT scenarios especially in interactions with social technology such as wikis. Although wikis are growing in popularity little is known about users‟ emotional reaction towards contributing to them, how their experiences shape these emotions as well as the users‟ view of usability above that mentioned in qualitative research. Due to the interface, social and flexible nature of wikis users may be anxious towards editing. This research aims to offer causal insight into the influence of wiki site design characteristics on anxiety towards wiki editing and users usability evaluation of wiki editing experiences. Three experiment-based studies are presented addressing the effects of site characteristics such as in-built training spaces (i.e. tutorials and sandboxes commonly used on wikis), user editing identity as well as aspects inherent to wiki sites such as content flexibility, on anxiety felt by users in editing scenarios and users usability rating of their editing experiences. The research also aimed to identify whether initial experiences affected anxiety about further editing, as suggested by computer anxiety research, or whether emotions are only affected during editing experience. The findings of the initial study on in-built training spaces suggest that the concept of wiki anxiety measured in this research more accurately reflects anxiety experienced during interaction than computer anxiety. Additionally the in-built training spaces using tutorials were seen to lead to better first experiences for novice users in using the wiki markup interface than those without (such as when experiencing sandbox training spaces and no training). Similarly the presence of a tutorial reduced wiki anxiety during interaction but did not affect anxiety towards future editing. From these findings the work advanced to study the effect of identity salience on wiki anxiety during editing and wiki usability focusing on contributing content using a user group with experience editing wikis. This was so as to explore the effect of wiki characteristics on user experience variables above that from first exposure anxiety likely in novice users. The research found that participants were less anxious when editing the wiki anonymously than when editing using a pseudonym and full name identity. There was however no effect of identity salience on usability rating. Additionally the type of edit conducted by participants, in terms of addition or deletion and replacement of content, did not have a significant effect on either anxiety during editing or usability evaluation. Further research exploring the effect of flexibility and other user behaviour on user anxiety and usability evaluation when contributing subsequently found that there was no significant effect of flexibility on the wiki user experience variables. The work demonstrates successful empirical evaluation of the wiki user editing experience can be achieved and can lead to important causal insight into the effects of wiki site design on the users‟ experience. It also identifies aspects of the site that can lead to the reduction of anxiety towards editing during interaction and influence usability rating towards the system.