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Introduction Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is an ancient medical practice, performed since approximately 2000 B.C. Qigong constitutes one of five main pillars in TCM and is a method of meditation, exercise as well as self-medication. Basic tenets of TCM is the body existing in balance with Qi (life-energy) and its emphasis on holistic dynamic processes over material structure. A lot of research has been done on the positive health effects of Qigong, although it is unclear whether the evidence situation is judged to be sufficient to prove Qigong effective. Objective To investigate the arguments for and against acceptance of Qigong in Swedish Healthcare Methods This is a qualitative study that followed the hermeneutical method, as well as the normative ethical theory, of study-design and data analysis. Searches of grey literature and electronic databases (Pubmed, Cochrane) were performed, serving the purpose to collect different perspectives. The selection of sources was based on relevance to the aim. Data emerged was analysed in order to investigate the most relevant ethical arguments for and against integration of Qigong in the Swedish healthcare. Results Main arguments against acceptance of Qigong were: “Traditional Chinese Medicine’s underlying philosophy stand in opposition to scientific worldview”, “Lack of strong evidence”, “Complementary and Alternative Medicine lead people away from Evidence Based Medicine”, and “Economical incentive and bias in Complementary and Alternative Medicine and Qigong”.Main arguments for acceptance of Qigong were: “Extensive proven experience”, “Further acceptance and integration may increase patient safety and promote research”, and “Qigong is risk-free and highly available at low cost” Conclusion A strong argument against acceptance of Qigong is “lack of strong evidence”. Strong arguments for acceptance of Qigong are “further acceptance and integration may promote research” and “Qigong is risk-free and highly available at low cost”. Thus, strong arguments are found for, as well as against, integration of Qigong in Swedish established healthcare. The balance between these strong arguments, however, will have to be discussed further, as there is no obvious right answer.

The thesis is comprised of three separate studies that each relate to one of the aforementioned therapy types: complementary, alternative, and integrative medicine (CAIM), natural health products (NHPs), and medical cannabis. Parallels can be drawn across these therapy types in general including patient preference and prevalence of use, quality of patient health information, and safety and effectiveness concerns. Knowledge of these parallels both informed the development of these three studies and emerged across findings. Chapter 1 provides a comprehensive introduction to these parallels in the context of CAIM, NHPs, and medical cannabis. Chapter 2 comprises a cross-sectional survey determining NHP use disclosure to primary care physicians among patients attending a Canadian naturopathic clinic. Chapter 3 comprises a qualitative interview study identifying attitudes towards medical cannabis among family physicians practicing in Ontario, Canada. Chapter 4 comprises a sentiment analysis of Twitter data to understand how CAIM is mentioned during the COVID-19 pandemic. Lastly, chapter 5 serves as the conclusion of this thesis, and summarizes the most important findings, addresses study strengths and limitations, and discusses future directions from this work. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

This thesis explores the topic of Corporate Entrepreneurship in large organizations with regards to how innovations are transferred from an Innovation Department into a receiving Business Unit. It aims to understand this topic by identifying what challenges are common barriers to this transfer process. It also identifies the causes of these challenges. Finally, this thesis establishes what suitable approach can be adapted to address these challenges. To answer these concerns, this research takes a deductive research approach by conducting a qualitative, empirical research through semi-structured interviews within a large Nordic telecommunication company. It also includes, benchmarking against two examples of companies that have developed solutions to overcome similar challenges. This qualitative methodology involves analyzing the interview and benchmarking results in comparison with literature, to confirm or disprove previous research. From the findings, eight categories of common challenges are discovered which are rooted within the innovation strategy of incumbent companies. Based on this research, a framework is developed as an approach to address the challenges of transferring innovations from an Innovation Department into a receiving Business Unit. As contribution to this field of study, this thesis highlights how multiple academic theories such as Corporate Entrepreneurship, Innovation Management and Innovation Strategy can be synthesized to collectively address these challenges. This is done by proposing a solution that is adaptable for different incumbent organizations. The proposed framework uses a stage-gate process that progresses when certain criteria agreed between an Innovation Department and a receiving Business Unit, are fulfilled. This agreement is based on the extent to which the criteria for each stage-gate is achieved in order to transfer ownership of the innovation solution. / Denna avhandling undersöker ämnet företags entreprenörskap i stora organisationer när det gäller hur innovationer överförs från en innovationsavdelning till en mottagande affärsenhet. Den syftar till att förstå detta ämne genom att identifiera vilka utmaningar som är gemensamma hinder för denna överföringsprocess samt orsakerna till dessa utmaningar. Slutligen fastställs lämpliga tillvägagångsättför att hantera dessa utmaningar. För att svara på dessa utmaningar tillämpas en deduktiv forskningsmetod och en kvalitativ forskningsdesign baserat på semi-strukturerade intervjuer inom ett stort nordiskt telekommunikationsföretag. Den inkluderar också benchmarking med två företag som har utvecklat lösningar för att övervinna liknande utmaningar. Denna kvalitativa metod innebär analys av intervjuer samt benchmarking i jämförelse med litteraturen för att bekräfta eller motbevisa tidigare forskning. I resultaten återfinns åtta kategorier av gemensamma utmaningar som är förankrade i innovationskulturen hos befintliga företag. Baserat på resultaten utvecklades ett ramverk för att hantera utmaningarna kring att överföra innovationer från en innovationsavdelning till en mottagande affärsenhet. Som ett bidrag till detta ämnesområde framhävs i denna avhandling hur flera akademiska teorier som corporate entreprenörskap (or intraprenörskap- look it up), innovationsledning och innovationsstrategi kan syntetiseras för att gemensamt hantera dessa utmaningar . Detta görs genom att föreslå en lösning som är anpassningsbar för olika etablerade organisationer. Den föreslagna ramen använder en steg-grind-modellen (look it up) som fortskrider när vissa kriterier som överenskommits mellan en innovationsavdelning och en mottagande affärsenhet är uppfyllda. Processen är baserad på i vilken utsträckning kriterierna för varje steg är uppnådda för att överföra äganderätten till innovationslösningen.

Att vårda barn beskrivs som en utmaning bland ambulanspersonal. Utmaningen består bland annat i barns anatomi och fysiologi vilken skiljer sig från vuxnas samt avsaknad av utrustning anpassad för barn. Barn är beroende av sina föräldrar vilket innebär att både barnet och föräldrarna måste tas om hand samtidigt, vilket också är en utmaning för ambulanspersonalen. Syftet var att belysa ambulanspersonalens erfarenheter av faktorer som påverkar omhändertagandet av barn upp till 12 år inom ambulanssjukvård. Metoden som användes var en allmän litteraturstudie innehållande kvalitativa vetenskapliga artiklar från databaserna PubMed och Cinahl. Totalt har 14 vetenskapliga artiklar inkluderats och analyserats utifrån en integrerad analys. I resultatet framkom en huvudkategori vilken benämndes främjande och hindrande faktorer för vård av barn, samt fyra subkategorier vilka benämndes känslomässiga reaktioner, kommunikation och föräldrarnas närvaro, brist på erfarenhet och utbildning samt stöd från andra aktörer och kollegor. Ambulanspersonalen uttryckte oro, ångest samt stress i samband med uppdrag som berör barn och att brist på erfarenhet och utbildning kundeförknippas med dessa känslor av osäkerhet av att vårda barn. Kommunikation med barn var en utmaning på grund av att små barn inte kan uttrycka sig verbalt. Med stöd av föräldrarna kunde ambulanspersonalen få anamnes om barnet och dess tillstånd. Föräldrarna ansågs även vara en viktig informationskälla. Ambulanspersonalen uttryckte även vikten av att jobba med en kollega de hade förtroende för vilket kunde minska deras oro, till skillnad mot om de jobbade med en kollega de inte kände så väl, vilket kunde resultera i ökad oro och stress. Slutsatsen var att de vanligaste känslorna bland ambulanspersonalen var ångest, oro och stress. Mer erfarenhet och utbildning i omhändertagandet av barn kan minska dessa känslor och öka ambulanspersonalens kompetens och trygghet / The caring of children was described as a challenge to the ambulance personnel. The challenges may include the fact that children's anatomy and physiology differ from adults and lack of equipment that is adapted to children. But also because children are dependent on their parents, which sometimes means you have to take care of both the child and the parents at the same time. The aim was to shed light on ambulance personnel's experience of factors that affect the care of children up to 12 years in the ambulance service. The method used was a general literature study containing qualitative scientific articles from the databases PubMed and Cinahl. A total of 14 scientific articles have been included and analysed based on an integrated analysis. In the result it appeared a main category called promoting and obstruction factors for the care of children, and four subcategories called emotional reactions, communication and parental presence, lack of experience and education as well as support from other actors and colleagues. The ambulance personnel expressed concern, anxiety and stress associated with assignments involving children and that lack of experience and education could be associated with these feelings of uncertainty of caring for children. Communication with children was a challenge because young children can not express themselves verbally. With the support of the parents, ambulance personnel could get a history of the children's condition. The parents were also considered an important source of information. The ambulance personnel also expressed the importance of working with a colleague you trust which could reduce their concerns, unlike working with a colleague who you do not know well which could result in increased anxiety and stress. The conclusion was that the most common feelings among the ambulance personnel were concern, anxiety and stress. More experience and training in the care of children could reduce these feelings and increase the ambulance personnel´s skills and security

No description available.

No description available.

There are two predominant sources of taxonomically useful morphological variability in the diverse tardigrade family Echiniscidae: the internal structure and surface sculpture of the cuticular plates covering the dorsum (sculpturing) and the arrangement and morphology of the trunk appendages (chaetotaxy). However, since the appendages often exhibit intraspecific variation (they can be reduced or can develop asymmetrically), sculpturing has been considered more stable at the species level and descriptions of new echiniscid species based solely on morphology are still being published. Here, we present a case study in which a detailed analysis of the morphology and multiple genetic markers of several species of the genus Viridiscus shows that cuticular sculpture may also exhibit considerable intraspecific variation and lead to false taxonomic conclusions. In a population collected from the eastern Nearctic, in the type locality of the recently described species V. miraviridis, individuals with transitional morphotypes between those reported for V. viridissimus and V. miraviridis were found. Importantly, all morphotypes within the viridissimus-miraviridis spectrum were grouped in a single monospecific clade according to rapidly evolving markers (ITS-1, ITS-2 and COI). Given the morphological and genetic evidence, we establish V. miraviridis as a junior synonym of V. viridissimus. This study explicitly demonstrates that a lack of DNA data associated with morphological descriptions of new taxa jeopardizes the efforts to unclutter tardigrade systematics. Additionally, V. perviridis and V. viridissimus are reported from Lâm Đồng Province in southern Vietnam, which considerably broadens their known geographic ranges.

This study investigated marital adjustment for couples participating in one of two treatment groups; the Brief Integrative Couples Counseling model(Young & Long, 1998, 2007); and the PREPARE/ENRICH Empowering Couples marriage education weekend workshop (Olson & Olson,2000). This study examined the following research questions: Do couples show a different level of marital adjustment following Brief Integrative Couples Counseling compared to those who receive a marriage education treatment?; Do couples show greater marital adjustment following Brief Integrative Couples Counseling compared to those who participated in a Marriage Education weekend workshop treatment over time? This article presents an exploration of mean marital adjustment scores following participation in a Brief Integrative Couples Counseling treatment or a marriage education weekend workshop protocol. This study was a quasi-experimental design because participants were placed in pre-existing groups by self-selection. Following statistical analyses using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), the data suggest there is no difference in the level of change in marital adjustment scores between the two treatment groups. In addition, follow up analysis of covariance (ANCOVA's) was conducted on marital adjustment, using demographics as covariates.