The issue of the enforcement of judgments in family cases is a topical issue in our society, since the various changes this legal area has recently experienced. The main change in the procedural field was the separation of so-called undisputed proceedings into a new Act on Special court proceedings, while the Civil Procedure Code remained a subsidiary act. This new Act also contains the sole regulation of the enforcement proceeding in cases relating to domestic violence and in cases of child custody, since these two areas are the most distinct from the enforcement of other pecuniary and non-pecuniary performance. In the first two chapters, the thesis focuses on the background of the enforcement proceedings as well as on its development, principles and functions. The second chapter ends with the outline of the enforcement in the Act on Special court proceedings. The third chapter deals with the enforcement of judgements in domestic violence cases, focusing particularly on the Police Eviction Instrument and the Special Preliminary ruling on the Protection against Domestic Violence. Their subsequent enforcement is then evaluated and analyzed. The fourth chapter focuses on the legal regulation of the child custody, with an emphasis on the comparison of the different modes of enforcing the decisions, as...

Violence against children is a common phenomenon that is spread all over the world and always existed through the centuries. The present work will define the different forms of violences that children are victims of, present the causes which lead to these types of adult behaviors and the consequences on the child. The situation of two countries of our interest will be compared: France and Sweden. One will go through their history in term of infant violence, the laws which contributed to develop the rights of children and the actual situation in both nations. A personal investigation will be included in the work to have direct answers from both a French public and a Swedish one. This will allow us to have an idea about the actual way of thinking in both countries. The problems that France as well as Sweden face to fight for better children care will be mentioned, such as the difficulties people or different institutions have to alert the specialized organisations on a case of child mistreatment. The aim of this work is to compare France and Sweden and see if the hypothesis that violence is still largely spread in France and almost disappeared in Sweden is true. By analysing all the points mentioned earlier, one will eventually confirm that both countries are in totally different places concerning child violence, Sweden being the first nation to forbid any form of violence on children and France being the last one on date. One will notice that French people need to change many different points of their system as well as their way of thinking, while Swedish people need to continue their efforts to fight for this topic.

The purpose of this study was to examine constructions within the Swedish legal system of the plaintiff and the defendant in court cases involving domestic violence. Nils Christies theory of the ideal victim in addition with Strobls criterions was used as theoretical framework. The methodological approach of this study belongs to the critical linguistics. The analysis contained both freeing sentences and convictions during 2016 in Gothenburg's District Court. The result revealed that different types of constructions were present in the material, both regarding the plaintiff and the defendant. It is our belief that in the convicted cases the woman is being described as more fearful and subdued. The cases where the defendant was found guilty contained more vivid descriptions of the violence and the women’s fear. We could see that the plaintiffs response to the violence seemed to be of great importance. The less resistance the better. The analysis also revealed signs of variation in the court´s ruling between similar cases. This with regard to what extent the woman cooperated during the legal process. / Den här studien hade som syfte att undersöka tingsrättens olika framställningar av målsägande och åtalade under rättsprocesser rörande grov kvinnofridskränkning. Som teoretisk ram användes Christies teori om det ideala offret, tillsammans med Strobls tilläggskriterier. Friande och fällande domar från Göteborgs tingsrätt från år 2016, rörande grov kvinnofridskränkning, analyserades med hjälp av kritisk lingvistik. Resultatet visade att det förekom olika konstruktioner av både målsägande och åtalad i materialet. I de fällande domarna framställdes målsäganden som betydligt mer rädd och kuvad i jämförelse med i de friande domarna. Rädslan hos målsäganden beskrevs överlag i ett mer målande språk i de fällande domarna. Målsägandens respons på våldet verkade också vara av vikt. Det framkom även stor variation i hur tingsrätten dömde i de fall där kvinnans medverkan under rättsprocessen inte var klanderfri. Med utgångspunkt i detta så kan rättssäkerheten ifrågasättas vid rättsfall rörande grov kvinnofridskränkning.

依家庭暴力防治法規定，家庭內殺人案件不論是因為不堪家庭暴力殺夫，或是出於忌妒憤而殺妻，抑或是不滿叨唸而砍殺父母，不僅係為家庭暴力事件，亦屬發生於家庭成員間最嚴重之暴力犯罪事件。在家庭暴力事件層面，不乏從家庭暴力加害人、被害人或兩造互動關係等觀點，探討家庭暴力加害人實施或家庭暴力被害人身處家庭暴力環境之原因，然以家庭暴力刑事案件層面，則聚焦於刑事司法如何評價犯罪行為人殺害家庭成員之行為，特別是兩造間具有親屬關係、犯罪動機與被害人之行為具有密切關連，或是犯罪行為人犯罪行為時受有被害人挑撥或刺激等。 惟據衛生福利部針對家庭暴力事件通報總數，法務部對於家庭暴力刑事案件新收案件、起訴率之計算，以及司法院關於家庭暴力刑事案件裁判結果等統計數據，尚無法有助於掌握我國家庭內殺人案件發生情形或犯罪情狀，是本文透過整理我國90年至104年之實務判決，以發現我國家庭內故意殺人案件之被害人參與或促發的成分，透過整理歸納家庭內殺人案件存在之被害人刺激因素之行為型態，分析現行法院面對或評價犯罪行為中之被害人刺激因素有待檢討或釐清之處，進而借鏡外國立法例關於被害人激怒抗辯規定、學說文獻對於被害人激怒抗辯部分免責理論基礎之探討，輔以外國法實務判決適用被害人激怒抗辯情形之觀察，以求立證家庭內殺人案件中關於被害人刺激因素應有利於犯罪行為人量刑。 / According to the Domestic Violence Prevention Act, the domestic murder cases, whether or not because of unacceptable domestic violence or jealousy to kill his or her spouse, or dissatisfaction with the slaughter of parents, not only for domestic violence, also occurred in the most serious violent crime among family members. Aspect of domestic violence, many scholar pay attention about the injurers of domestic violence, or the victims of domestic violence, or the interaction of the injurers and victims of domestic violence. On the other hands, the criminal justice system concerned about the behavior of defendants who kill family members, especially those who have a kinship relationship, the motive of the crime is closely related to the victim's behavior, or the defendants provoked or stimulated by the victims. Based on Government agencies publish statistical data, it still can not help master about domstic homicide cases or crime situation in our country. In order to find the factors of victims in sentence, so that we try to search the judgment of domstic homicide cases upon 1991 to 2015, and figure out the short of these judgment about the evaluation of the victims’ behavior. Further more, through the foreign legislation on the defense of provocation, and the theory about the reason of the excuse of partial defense, and the application of the defense of provocation,it could be proved that the defense of provocation from victims in domestic homicide cases should be conducive to defendants’sentencing.

This thesis uses feminist critical discourse analysis to find and understand the discourses embedded in the mission statements and program documents of three domestic violence and/or rape crisis centers that primarily serve Black/African American populations in three distinct geographic locations in the United States. Existing literature addresses the discourses present in domestic violence and sexual assault service provision, but no literature addresses the discourses present in the mission statements of domestic violence and rape crisis centers, leaving a considerable gap in the literature. This project uses frameworks of feminist understandings of Foucauldian discursive patriarchal power, intersectionality and material feminism to analyze the mission statements and put them in conversation with each other. The three organizations chosen, Our House, Jenesse Center and Black Women’s Blueprint, each are 2015 award grantees of one of two federal Office of Violence Against Women’s grants to provide services to culturally specific populations. I argue the mission statements of Our House, Jenesse Center, and Black Women’s Blueprint have a discourse of resistance articulated through embedded discourses of Black feminism, neoliberalism, community and cultural competency, and storytelling. This larger discourse of resistance draws on Black/African American historical structures of resistance. Understanding Black/African American serving domestic violence and rape crisis centers as sites of resistance allows for a deeper understanding of Black/African American women’s unique expression of power and domination.

Bakgrund: Nästan hälften av de svenska kvinnorna har blivit utsatta för våld eller hot om våld någon gång under sin livstid. Våld mot kvinnor i nära relation är ett globalt hälsoproblem och ett av de största hoten mot kvinnors hälsa. Syfte: Att undersöka patienters upplevelse av att få frågan om våldsutsatthet som en del av anamnesen. Metod: En integrativ litteraturöversikt av elva vetenskapliga artiklar. Sökningar gjordes med hjälp av databaserna PubMed och CINAHL. Resultat: Det huvudsakliga resultatet var att patienter ställer sig positiva till att rutinmässigt bli tillfrågade om erfarenheter av våld. Patienternas åsikter och upplevelser av att få frågor om våldsutsatthet som en del av anamnesen påverkas av frågeställningarnas kontext - vem som ställer frågor, hur frågorna ställs och i vilket sammanhang. Sammanfattning: Våld är ett strukturellt, organisatoriskt och individuellt problem. Våldet är ett folkhälsoproblem och ett utbrett samhällsproblem och vården misslyckas i många fall att fånga upp och hjälpa våldsutsatta. Vårdpersonal känner sig osäkra på att ställa frågor om patienters erfarenheter av våld och större kunskap inom ämnet kan stävja den osäkerhet och rädsla som finns för att beröra våld i nära relation. / Background: Nearly half of the Swedish women have been victims of abuse or threat of abuse during their lifetime. Intimate partner violence is a global health problem and one of the greatest threats to women’s health. Aim: To investigate patient’s experience of being asked about abuse as part of medical history taking. Method: A integrative review of eleven scientific articles. Searches were made using the PubMed and CINAHL databases. Results: Patients were positive about being routinely asked about experiences of abuse. Patients’ opinions and experiences of getting questions about violence as a part of medical history taking are influenced by the context of these questions – who asks, how the questions are asked and in what context. Conclusion: Violence is a structural, organizational and individual problem. Abuse is a public health problem and a widespread social problem. In many cases, healthcare fails to identify and help affected women. Healthcare professionals feel insecure about asking questions about patients’ history of abuse and larger knowledge can curb the uncertainty and fear that exist in order to deal with intimate partner violence.

The purpose of the collected papers dissertation was to critically examine the individual and institutional conditions that shaped battered women’s work experiences in church organizations. The studies in the collected papers shared the provision of using a methodological and analytic tool, institutional ethnography (IE), that offers a strategic and comprehensive means of investigating issues related to institutions and institutional processes that merge a macro and micro view. The first paper was a conceptual paper that emphasized the socio-political context in which adult vocation education is practiced and shared a practical means of using IE to uncover the interconnected and interdependent social processes that prohibit an individual’s ability to navigate structural and political subsystems that impact learning, teaching, and work. The second paper was an empirical paper that used IE to help us see how battered women’s needs as workers in Christian churches are evaporated behind institutional ideologies and actions that invalidate her concerns while preserving their ideals. The study revealed four ways that African American battered women entered into an institutional death process by direct disclosure or assumed disclosure: (a) invalidation, (b) overspiritualization, (c) inauthenticity, (d) and bifurcation. It was found, that once disclosure took place, women placed a different expectation upon the church to respond to their issue of domestic abuse. In summation, Study #2 highlighted the use of IE in uncovering the institutional relations that shaped women’s experiences as work in Christian churches. Overall, the findings elucidate ways that social workers, churches, adult educators, and HRD researchers and practitioners can engage in research that has implications for how to collaborate for implementable solutions. The findings provide ways for African American women to navigate oppressive regimes; and lends insight to how adult educators, HRD practitioners, and pastors who work with battered women can assist and intervene in the educational, emotional, and natural support areas for African American battered women working in Christian churches.

Background: Domestic violence and abuse is a public health problem affecting more than one third of all women globally. It usually takes place between individuals in intimate relationships and/or within the family. In the United Kingdom (UK), while theoretical and policy interventions have led to an increase in domestic violence and abuse service provision for women, there is paucity of research on the disclosure and help-seeking practices of women from ethnic minority populations. Aim: To identify factors influencing disclosure and help-seeking practices of Nigerian (ethnic minority population) women resident in England with lived experience of domestic violence and abuse, in order to make recommendations to relevant stakeholders on domestic violence service provision and utilisation. Methods: A cross-sectional qualitative research design was utilised. This included a qualitative systematic review of literature on domestic violence research among women from ethnic minority populations in the UK; individual, in-depth semi-structured interviews with 16 Nigerian women resident in England with lived experience of domestic violence and abuse, and with nine Nigerian religious and community leaders based in England. The interviews were conducted between May 2012 and April 2014, and data were analysed using thematic analysis technique. Findings: Three main themes were identified as factors influencing the disclosure and help-seeking practices of Nigerian (ethnic minority population) women in England, UK. These are socialisation from country of birth, immigration status, and acculturation in the country of immigration. These findings were discussed using the modified sociological theory of domestic violence and abuse. Conclusion: There is a need for appropriate gender socialisation, and collaborative working with ethnic minority community groups and faith-based organisations to enhance access and facilitate utilisation of existing domestic violence services by Nigerian (ethnic minority populations) women resident in England with lived experience of domestic violence and abuse.

The aim of the thesis is to do an analyze of services provided by the selected citizen advice and evaluation of the most common problems that clients turned up for help. In the introduction I define the basic theoretical and methodological basis of work. Subsequently, historical aspects will be generalized, which stood at the birth of a new citizen service. In another part I describe the term of counseling, focusing on the typology and principles. I specify the target group and the methodology of work with a client advisor. In conclusion, the theory will focus on the way to guarantee the quality of consulting services in relation to the standards of social services. In the practical part I bring near the role of management consulting citizen selected, the process of obtaining funding sources and ways of organizing work. Then I compare the differences in accounting and reporting against business entities. Further specifications will be made counseling process, with particular emphasis on the expertise of advisors. I do an analyze of services in terms of counseling and also I evaluate the social role of the state. The research part will seek both to confirm or refute the hypotheses set, while a suitable method of analyzing business advisors in dealing with clients in the selected clinic and evaluate the role of preventive counseling in the social phenomena studied. The outcome will be recommendations on how to improve business counseling and counselors themselves.

Using a Cox proportional hazards regression model, this dissertation explores three factors currently not addressed in the literature on men who batter women and who are court ordered to participate in a battering intervention program. These factors are the cumulative effects of civil and criminal legal sanctions (dose-response of sanctions) for domestic violence related offenses on recidivism, reduced opportunities to recidivate, and whether the number of legal sanctions imposed has an effect on how long a man maintains his non-recidivism status. Because one domestic violence case may involve multiple sanctions, this study uses the Legal Sanction Dose-Response Index to gauge the cumulative impact of civil and criminal sanctions upon recidivism of domestic violence. The Cox proportional hazards model indicates that the risk of recidivism is 45% lower for men who experienced two legal sanctions (typically arrest and probation) in response to the index case, relative to men who experienced one legal sanction (typically civil protective order). In other words, those with two legal sanctions are able to maintain their non-recidivism status longer relative to those with one sanction. Men with prior criminal court involvement for domestic violence related offenses are more likely to recidivate. Additionally, rather than incarceration reducing opportunities to recidivate, this study finds that incarceration for any offenses committed during the follow-up period is a predictor of recidivism of domestic violence related offenses. It is possible that, rather than incarceration reducing opportunities, recidivists are persistent and use whatever opportunities are available to them to commit domestic violence, despite legal sanctions.