Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:16:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SSO - Maria Cristina de Oliveira.pdf: 565985 bytes, checksum: 42cd809ff7fdfa644b4868006d60ed85 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-11-17 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This text presents a critical construction on the category recklessness, in the perspective of the professionals of the attendance of the Regional Center of Attention to maltreatment in the Infancy of the ABCD - Diadema Unit. It has as objective to contribute for new looks on this subject. The theoretical landmark that guided the research process all was the social theory of Marx, specifically, the category totality. What it made possible a ampler vision of the category recklessness. In we appropriate them of the content analysis, to analyze the quarrels developed in the research, through the qualitative technique of the focal group. This technique in made possible them to not only approach the subject involving the daily one of work of the CRAMI, but, the feelings and vision that each professional have on this complex and contradictory subject, this fact contributes of substantive form for the analysis. The study on the recklessness in it showed them that this is a category that deserves a bigger attention, in that if relates to the research and scientific studies. We conclude in this study that stops understanding the recklessness, we must have clearly that they exist determinative so that this situation if it configures as negligent and that it is necessary to place in the guideline of quarrels in the spaces of right of the child and the adolescent an ample vision of the meaning of this category / Esta dissertação apresenta uma construção crítica sobre a categoria negligência, na perspectiva dos profissionais do atendimento do Centro Regional de Atenção aos Maus-Tratos na Infância do ABCD Unidade Diadema. Tem como objetivo contribuir para novos olhares sobre esse tema. O marco teórico que norteou todo o processo de pesquisa foi a teoria social de Marx, especificamente a categoria totalidade, o que possibilitou uma visão mais ampla da categoria negligência. Apropriamo-nos da análise de conteúdo para analisar as discussões desenvolvidas na pesquisa, por meio da técnica qualitativa do grupo focal. A técnica possibilitou abordar o tema envolvendo não só o cotidiano de trabalho do Crami, mas os sentimentos e a visão que cada profissional tem sobre esse tema complexo e contraditório. Esse fato contribuiu de forma substantiva para a análise. O estudo sobre a negligência mostrou que essa é uma categoria que merece uma atenção maior no que se refere às pesquisas e estudos científicos. Concluímos neste estudo que, para compreender a negligência, devemos ter claro que existem determinantes para que essa situação se configure como negligente e que é necessário colocarmos na pauta de discussões, nos espaços de direito da criança e do adolescente, uma visão ampla do significado dessa categoria

Neste estudo, aborda-se o ensino da temática da violência na graduação em enfermagem. O objetivo geral da tese consistiu em investigar como a temática da violência é abordada em Cursos de Bacharelado em Enfermagem das Instituições de Ensino Superior, situadas em Porto Alegre, e analisar as racionalidades subjacentes em documentos e práticas. O estudo qualitativo englobou todos os cursos de bacharelado em enfermagem, situados em Porto Alegre, que concluíram turmas, perfazendo quatro cursos. As ferramentas para a geração de dados incluíram pesquisa documental, por meio das diretrizes curriculares nacionais, dos projetos pedagógicos, de matrizes curriculares, de planos de ensino das disciplinas que abordam a violência e de entrevistas com os docentes que abordam a temática da violência na graduação em enfermagem. Os resultados demonstraram a abordagem da violência no currículo formal real, com concentração nas disciplinas voltadas para a saúde da criança, em situações nas quais a violência é discutida a partir da percepção de necessidade do docente e no currículo oculto, por meio da demanda pela vivência de situações de violência nos cenários de prática. Foi possível identificar um distanciamento entre as normativas fundantes da saúde como direito, constantes nas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais e que inspiram os Projetos Pedagógicos dos Cursos, e o real na implementação dos Currículos. A execução dos projetos é permeada pela racionalidade biomédica, pelo padrão empírico de conhecimento de enfermagem e com a concepção de saúde, entendida como ausência de doenças, o que, constata-se, não sustenta a complexidade de abordagens multicausais como aquelas necessárias a teorizar e gerar enfrentamentos à violência. Outra constatação é de que as competências e as habilidades, previstas para a formação, são transcritas das Diretrizes Curriculares para os Projetos Pedagógicos dos Cursos, e não se configuram em operacionalização nos Planos de Ensino. Nas ementas das disciplinas, que abordam a violência, ainda persiste o foco na doença, exceção às disciplinas de direitos humanos e às voltadas à saúde da criança, que têm por base políticas públicas. Neste contexto, novos olhares na abordagem da violência acontecem, por meio das atividades de extensão, programas e projetos, e pela inserção do tema nos grupos de pesquisa, nos quais é possível vivenciar a atuação da equipe multidisciplinar, além dos estágios obrigatórios em cenários de prática em diferentes instituições que não se limitam à saúde e que atuam considerando a saúde enquanto direito. / This study approaches the theme of teaching of violence within the nursing graduation studies. The general objective of the thesis consisted of an investigation about how the theme of violence is approached in Nursing Graduation Courses of Higher Teaching Institutions located in Porto Alegre as well as of an analysis of rationalities that are subjacent in documents and practices. The qualitative study comprised all of the graduation courses on nursing located in Porto Alegre that completed and formed classes totaling four courses. The tools for the collecting data included research on documents of the national curriculum guidelines, pedagogic projects, curriculum matrices and teaching plans of the disciplines that cover the issue of violence, as well as interviews with teachers who discuss this theme in the nursing graduation. Findings demonstrated the violence approach in the actual formal curriculum with concentration in the disciplines addressing the child´s health and in situations where violence is discussed in the perception of the teacher´s need as well as in the hidden curriculum by means of the demand due to the experience of violence situations in the practice settings. It was possible to identify a gap between the normative ruling foundations of health as a right, presented in the National Curriculum Guidelines that inspire the Pedagogic Projects of the Courses and the actual ones applied in the implementation of the Curricula. The execution of the projects is permeated by the biomedical rationality and the empiric standard of nursing knowledge besides the health conception, understood as absence of diseases, what is perceived as unable to sustain the complexity of multiple and varied approaches like those needed to theorize and to generate confrontations to violence. Another finding evidences that the competences and abilities foreseen for the nursing education are transcribed from the Curriculum Guidelines for the Pedagogic Projects of the Courses but are not outlined for their operation in the Teaching Plans. In the synopses of the disciplines that approach violence still persist the focus on disease with exception of the disciplines on human rights and those addressed to the child´s health that are founded on public policies Within this context, new glances on the violence approach occur by means of extension activities, programs and projects and by inserting the theme in research groups where it is possible to experience the performance of the multidisciplinary team besides the mandatory internship practice scenarios in different institutions that are not limited to health but that develop their activities by considering health as a right. / Este estudio aborda el tema de la enseñanza de la violencia dentro de los estudios de graduación de enfermería. El objetivo general de la tesis consistió en investigar como la temática de la violencia es abordada en Cursos de Licenciatura en Enfermería de las Instituciones de Enseñanza Superior, ubicadas en Porto Alegre, y analizar las racionalidades subyacentes en documentos y prácticas. El estudio cualitativo abarcó todos los cursos de graduación en enfermería ubicados en Porto Alegre que concluyeron y formaron grupos, totalizando cuatro cursos. Las herramientas para la generación de datos incluyeron investigación en documentos de las directrices curriculares nacionales y de proyectos pedagógicos, matrices curriculares, planes de enseñanza de las disciplinas que abordan la violencia bien como a través de entrevistas con los docentes que abordan la temática de la violencia en la graduación en enfermería. Los resultados demostraron el abordaje de la violencia en el currículo formal real, con concentración en las disciplinas dedicadas a la salud del niño y en situaciones donde la violencia es discutida desde la percepción de necesidad del docente bien como en el currículo oculto, por medio de la demanda por la vivencia de situaciones de violencia en los escenarios de práctica. Fue posible identificar un distanciamiento entre las normativas fundantes de la salud como derecho, previstas en las Directrices Curriculares Nacionales y que inspiran los Proyectos Pedagógicos de los Cursos, y lo real en la implementación de los Currículos. La ejecución de los proyectos es impregnada por la racionalidad biomédica, por el estándar empírico de conocimiento de enfermería con la concepción de salud, entendida como ausencia de enfermedades, lo que, según se constata, no sustenta la complejidad de abordajes de múltiples causas como aquellas necesarias para teorizar y generar enfrentamientos a la violencia. Otra constatación es que las competencias y habilidades previstas para la formación son transcritas de las Directrices Curriculares para los Proyectos Pedagógicos de los Cursos pero no se las encuentra configuradas en la operación de los Planes de Enseñanza. En las sinopsis de las disciplinas, que abordan la violencia, todavía persiste el foco en la enfermedad, a excepción de las disciplinas de derechos humanos y de aquellas volcadas a la salud del niño, que toman las políticas públicas como base. En este contexto, ocurren nuevas miradas en el abordaje de la violencia por medio de las actividades de extensión, programas y proyectos, así como por la inserción del tema en los grupos de pesquisa, en los cuales es posible experimentar la actuación del equipo multidisciplinario, además de las prácticas obligatorias en escenarios de práctica de diferentes instituciones que no se limitan a la salud pero que actúan considerando la salud como derecho.

In India, issues of gender discrimination and female empowerment have become more prominent in the last several years. Elderly women, specifically widows, are often abandoned or not well cared for by family members and are typically marginalized within Indian society, vulnerable, and susceptible to poverty. This is an exploratory analysis with a research hypothesis asking, who are the caregivers of elderly widows? Statistics indicate that women may be taking on more of a care giving role with elderly widows which in turn may exacerbate the already existing issues of poverty and neglect for this population. The purpose of this study was to examine in more depth the factors related to living arrangements of elderly Indian widows using the NFHS-3 (2005-2006) data set. Quantitative methods of secondary data analysis and systematic literature review are employed in this research. sociological factors related to family self-reported living arrangement, age of widow, education, caste, socioeconomic level, religion, and geographic region were analyzed using data from the respondents identified as older widows (N=2,176). Findings indicate 78% report living alone or in non-familial households while 22% reported living in various familial constellations. The odds of living with a relative versus not living with a relative were found to be significant for three variables: age, religion Muslim, and region Northern. Living arrangements for elderly widows in Indian society are determined based on a complex system of logic embedded in a patrilineal descent, family convention, religion, and regional cultural practices. Understanding these complex factors is important in predicting the needs and available services for this population of vulnerable elderly women.

Native American women and children suffer from domestic violence at an alarming rate on and off Indian reservations in the United States. Often these families that are impacted by domestic violence are involved in the state/county child welfare system. This study was to gain knowledge about Native American tribal child social workers experiences and challenges with co-occurrences of domestic violence and child maltreatment cases. This study used an exploratory, qualitative design with a phenomenological approach by collecting data through face-to-face and over the phone interviews with four Native American tribal child social workers from four different tribes across the nation. This design allowed participants the opportunity to provide a more in-depth explanation from their own personal experiences regarding their experiences and challenges working with domestic violence and child maltreatment cases. The study found that there is a need for state/county social workers to have a better understanding of the historic and current experiences of Native people from a cultural, spiritual, and socioeconomic perspective through effective and consistent training on the Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA). The study also found, that there is a need for state/county administration and social workers to build relationships with tribal child social workers in order to provide culturally competent and effective policies and services to serve Native American communities.

By taking the recognition of persons as rights-holders in the framework of international human rights into account, this study directs its attention to women in protracted refugee situations, restricted to stay in camps also when their human rights are at risk due to various forms of violence. The question in focus is the following: To what extent may there be a risk that women in a refugee camp context, distinguished by a protracted refugee situation, do not become visible as rights-holders and entrusted to act with regard to international human rights and the problem of violence against women, especially domestic violence? The research process has taken the form of a continuous dialogue with the material for the study, a dialogue directing attention to material from an established international human rights system on one hand and material dealing with a local refugee camp context on the other. The study finds its entry-point primarily in the context of the international human rights treaty the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), including the work of the CEDAW Committee as a treaty body, and also the international mandate of the Special Rapporteur on Violence against Women, its causes and consequences. Due to the presence of a variety of justice mechanisms in the camps, certain aspects of a local customary law tradition are also addressed. The existence of an unlocked legal door for women to take actions in family law matters, or in cases of gender-based violence is something not to take for granted. The hindrances could lie deep in the legal system practiced. It could be an issue of not being entrusted by the structure of the system to act in person, as woman, with a legal capacity and by own right before the law. The study underlines the importance of sharpened awareness and analysis of the presence of a complex legal context and a variety of customary law traditions in the camps. It appears from the study that for women in a refugee camp to be able to act as rights-holders and claim human rights as laid down in human rights conventions, the issue of visibility is not only a matter of training in presenting facts on the ground in front of local authorities. To be visible in addressing the problem of gender-based violence and gaps in protection of human rights in a refugee camp context is first and foremost an issue for women to be recognized the right to act in legal matters. It is an issue of having the freedom of expression and to be recognized the social and legal status to act in their own capacity in front of the local legal structures, including the local customary law context, and to address international human rights monitoring mechanisms, such as the CEDAW Committee or the Special Rapporteur.

The centrepoint of this thesis is an action research project, the Maternal Alienation Project (MAP), implemented during 2002 and 2003 in Adelaide, South Australia. Resourced by two government-funded community health services, it was established to improve organisations’ (health, welfare and legal) and systems’ responses to the newly termed ‘maternal alienation’. MAP was situated within a tradition of feminist participatory and action research. It was designed to work on three levels: practice, systems and policy-making, and research. The outcomes, processes and events of MAP at the different levels of its operation are examined in the thesis through the employment of a gendered analysis drawn mainly from materialist feminism and standpoint theories. Post-project interviews and focus groups provided further data to the fieldnotes written throughout MAP, and the project’s formal and informal documents. A recent example of a contested gendered concept, “maternal alienation” was first identified and named in 1999 as a component of gender violence (Morris 1999). It forms part of a spectrum of violence perpetrated in households, and had been identified within domestic violence and child sexual abuse. It is a term for the range of tactics used by mainly male perpetrators, predominantly the mothers’ intimate partners and the children’s fathers or step-fathers, to deliberately undermine the relationship between mothers and their children. The mother-blaming discourses and degrading constructions of mothers conveyed to children and those in the family’s orbit are strongly related to wider socio-cultural constructions of women and mothers. The thesis examines theories of gender, gendered organisations and gender violence. It develops the concept of an abusive household gender regime, characterised by perpetrators’ imposition of a coercive and abusive regime on household members, and particular patternings of gendered relations. Comparisons are made between household and organisational gender regimes, which are also viewed in relation to the local gender order at the time of MAP. It was found that services that lack an analysis of gender are likely to re-inscribe the dynamics of maternal alienation in their responses to families. Language was found to play a significant part in addressing maternal alienation, particularly in developing congruence between language and women’s and children’s “lived” experiences. The principles that were developed were founded on supporting mothers and rebuilding their relationships with children, and making visible the tactics employed by perpetrators, thereby reducing their power to coerce and increasing their accountability. The concept of maternal alienation and MAP itself were attacked by a coalition of men’s rights and Christian Right lobbyists. This compromised the operations of MAP, and of its key supporters, managers of feminist and gender-aware organisations. In many ways these attacks, played out at a macro level, reflected the techniques and dynamics of maternal alienation at a micro level. This thesis raises questions about the strategies that feminist organisations need to develop to more effectively pursue feminist agendas, and to re-invigorate a women’s movement. / Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Social Sciences, 2008

Partendo da una concettualizzazione multidimensionale della povertà, il presente lavoro di ricerca studia l’effetto prodotto dalla partecipazione a programmi di microcredito su specifiche dimensioni di genere: l’empowerment delle donne e la violenza domestica. Il primo capitolo analizza la letteratura empirica sul tema in un’ottica critica, gettando le basi per lo sviluppo dei successivi. La seconda parte esamina la relazione fra partecipazione al microcredito e due distinte dimensioni di empowerment utilizzando un modello ad equazioni strutturali (SEM). Accanto alla partecipazione a tali programmi, considero, quale potenziale causa del processo di empowerment femminile, le attitudini maschili in merito al ruolo svolto dalle donne all’interno e al di fuori del contesto familiare. Dai risultati emerge un’associazione positiva fra microcredito e dimensioni di empowerment considerate, ma l’effetto delle attitudini maschili non è significativo. Infine, nell’ultimo capitolo esamino come la partecipazione al microcredito, congiuntamente ad altri fattori socio-demografici, influenza il subire violenza domestica e le attitudini femminili circa la giustificazione della stessa in determinati contesti. Dall’analisi empirica emerge un’associazione positiva tra microcredito e violenza domestica, mentre il partecipare a tali programmi non produce alcun effetto significativo sulle attitudini femminili in merito alla giustificazione della stessa. / The focus of this dissertation is about the influence of participation in microcredit programs on gendered dimensions of poverty. Specifically, I refer to multidimensional poverty in terms of women’s empowerment and domestic violence. The first chapter reviews the empirical literature on microcredit and poverty in a critical perspective and lays the foundations for the two later chapters. The second part explores the relationship between participation in microcredit programs and two distinct dimensions of women’s empowerment using a structural equation model with categorical observed variables. I consider a set of potential causes of the empowerment dimensions including participation in microcredit programs and men’s attitudes towards women’s role in intra-household relationships and in the social context. Interestingly, the former is positively associated with empowerment while the men’s perception about the women’s role do not produce a significant effect on both empowerment dimensions. The last chapter investigates how participation in microcredit programs along with other socio-demographic factors affect the likelihood to experience physical violence and the likelihood of women’s beating justification in different situations. The most interesting result concerns the influence of microcredit on the outcomes variables: it doesn’t affect women’s beliefs about beating justification but it is positively associated with physical violence.

This qualitative study aimed to examine which discourses can be found within the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (BUP) and women’s shelters against domestic violence, concerning children that have experienced violence within the family, from two perspectives: the child’s need of father and of protection from violence. The study also aimed to examine which discourses can be found within the organisations concerning children’s well-being, how they define their mission concerning domestic violence and how this can affect the practical work with children that have experienced violence and their parents. The questions that the study aimed to answer were which discourses can be distinguished within BUP and the women’s shelters against domestic violence and how they can affect the different agencies’ view of the child’s need and well-being. These questions have been answered with collected interviews from the two respective agencies which have then been interpreted and processed through a critical discourse analysis from different theoretical concepts such as dominant discourses and service discourses in relation to Social Work, children’s need as a social construction and discourses of the child as a victim and an active participant. What the study showed was that the active participant-discourse overall was more prominent within BUP and that the victim-discourse was more prominent within the women’s shelters against domestic violence but also that both discourses were distinguishable in different ways and to different extents in both agencies in different combinations and variations. The study also found that the discourses, in different ways and to different extents, also affected the agencies’ view of the child’s need of father and of protection from violence.

Most children exposed to interpersonal violence experience multiple forms of victimizations that are more predictive of trauma symptomatology than single traumatic incidents. This exploratory study seeks to extend research that suggests a child’s intrinsic strengths may help mitigate the development of serious psychiatric symptoms for children experiencing multiple interfamilial victimizations. Utilizing a diverse clinical sample (N= 106) of children 7 to 18 years of age who were exposed to multiple family traumas or to non-interpersonal traumas, path analysis models (moderation, mediational, and moderated mediational) were employed across potential explanatory or attenuating demographic factors (age, ethnicity, and gender) to ascertain the associations between multiple interpersonal maltreatment types experienced, childs’ behavioral and emotional strengths, and their posttraumatic stress symptomatology and/or behavioral and emotional difficulty symptoms. / text

Men's violence against women is a serious social problem and an obstacle to the realisation of women's rights. In Sweden, approximately a fifth of the population, has at some time in their lives, been subjected to domestic violence. It is estimated that about 80 percent of the violence is not reported. The aim of this study is to analyse the discourse representations of domestic violence and violence in the name of honour, in two different Swedish reports. (Eva Lundgren, Captured Queen- Men’s violence against women in “equal” Sweden – a prevalence study and Domestic violence - A public health issue by Carin Götblad, national coordinator on domestic violence). The investigation is based on a discourse analysis with postcolonial feminist theory as the theoretical framework. This study shows that a discursive representation of domestic violence in a Swedish context and violence in the name of honour has resulted in the construction of Swedish and non-Swedish violence. Stereotypical presentations describe the Swedish perpetrator in terms of social problems, addiction, aggression problems, alcoholism or non-Swedish ethnicity. Violence in the name of honour is derived from an honour-based culture while a Swedish perpetrator deviates from a Swedish gender equality culture. The Swedish gender equality discourse and media representations of domestic violence may be causing difficulties for the victims to identify themselves as abused. This study suggests that violence against women should be understood as a side effect of a patriarchal gender system created by ideological, national, ethnic and racial power structures.