進入20世紀後，文化經濟在現今常被討論與學術研究外，媒體發展進步的背景下，相關的文化產業嶄露頭角、在各個國家重視下以不同樣貌發展。 在日本方面，文化產業被稱為內容產業，而在此廣為人知的產業中從漫畫、動畫到遊戲等，皆擁有著高知名度，其中負責內容詮釋與表現的角色在日本國內更是自己擁有了穩定的市場，同時也是日本市場特殊的產業現象。另一方面，內容產業中媒體之間的聯繫亦十分成熟、以跨媒體為架構所策劃的企劃可以隨著一部作品的產生，便能立刻發展出各式各樣相同中心概念但不同詮釋方法的商品，達成不同層面的經濟利益回收。 在跨媒體與角色經濟等日本內容產業特殊現象生成以至於成熟的過程中，出現了一些足以代表產業運作的成功案例作品，其中以從遊戲為起頭，橫跨漫畫、動畫等多個產業領域的「精靈寶可夢」最為著名，不僅僅在日本，歐美國家對其的認知度也可做為對日本內容產業的印象代表。 本研究希望從理論定義到產業運作，梳理跨媒體在日本內容產業的變化以及角色經濟發生背後所支撐的架構，找出至今為止不同層面的分析，最後再透過案例分析的方式，探討寶可夢的成功及運作之中又與跨媒體、角色經濟之間存在著怎樣的關係。

本研究企圖從Rogers創新傳佈的觀點探討科技特質因子如何影響雜誌業採用新型態便利商店繳款單付費方式。研究採問卷調查法，有效問卷68份。統計分析結果發現：一、創新傳佈理論五項科技特質中相對利益、相容性、可觀察性因子與採用採用新型態便利商店繳款單付費方式之決策有關。二、決策階段之科技導入評估因子：選用程度、作業程度、補償程度與採用決策有關。三、科技特質因子與科技導入評估因子之間交互相關。四、不同雜誌組織對於便利商店付費方式有顯著不同差異。發行規模較小的公司(發行量低於一萬份或雜誌代理商)，反而願意投入掌握新市場。本研究建議未來可延伸以破壞性創新理論，繼續探討創新付費模式是否能使新進市場的媒介組織擁有優勢，對於未來數位內容、網路分類廣告等是否採用創新付費機制，都將具有啟發作用。 / The research uses Roger’s diffusion of innovation theory to explore how magazines adopt an alternative new payment method to sale magazines－using 7-11 chain stores barcode method. A total of 68 valid questionnaires were collected. The results support our hypotheses that the relationships exist between technology characteristics of the new payment method and the adoption; second, the organizational size and types of the magazine affect the adoption. The research suggests that future research consider using Christensen’s desruptive innovation theory to examine innovative payment models, especially in the area of digital contents and e- classified.

近年來不論在學術界或實務界，都開始研究新產品開發階段的相關議題以及企業組織如何在市場與他們的顧客進行互動，然而卻很少將焦點放在新產品開發績效與市場知識導向能力對新產品研發成功的影響，因此企業應該要開始將新產品開發績效與市場知識導向能力納入整個新產品開發的控制過程中，以便降低開發的風險，同時產品也更能貼切地符合顧客需要。 為了在新產品開發階段可以將產品以更快速、低成本與高品質的方式，滿足消費者的需求，企業應該及早在新產品研發過程中兼顧新產品開發績效與市場知識導向能力，透過與客戶的互動、瞭解競爭者資訊，同時在企業內與各部門分享協調，把新產品開發的失敗率降到最低。 因此，本研究的研究焦點放在（1）新產品開發績效對新產品研發成功的影響 ; （2）市場知識導向能力對新產品研發成功的影響。本研究的研究對象為台灣數位內容產業的廠商，共寄出問卷 600份，回收 141份，經由結構方程模式來分析本研究所提出的假設支持程度，所使用的統計分析方法為 SAS應用軟體。 本研究的主要發現有： 1. 新產品開發績效對新產品研發成功是具有正向的影響。因此，企業在產品開發過程中，應該要重視開發速度、開發成本及產品品質，以提高新產品研發的成功率。 2. 市場知識導向能力對新產品研發成功是具有正向的影響。企業一旦懂得應用市場所收集到的資訊，包括顧客的資訊、競爭者的資訊，將整合的資訊傳達到企業各個部門，新產品研發的成功率則會提高。 / In recent years, many organizations in academic or practical fields start to research the related topics in development stage of new products and how the enterprises interact with their customers in the market. However, there are few focuses on the development performances of new products and the guided competences of market knowledge for successful research and development of new products. Thus, it should be necessary for enterprises to reduce the development risks of new products and simultaneously fulfill the customer requirements by involving the development performances of new products and guided competences of market knowledge into the controlled process of research and development of new products. In order to fulfill the customer requirements by faster speed, lower cost and higher quality in development stage of new products, the enterprises should pay earlier attentions on the development performances of new products and the guided competences of market knowledge in the research and development process of new products to decline the failure rate by interacting with the customer, understanding the competitor information, and simultaneously sharing the information to related departments in the enterprises. Therefore, the study will focus on (1) the effect of the development performances of new products for successful research and development of new products; (2) the effect of guided competences of market knowledge for successful research and development of new products. The research objects of the dissertation are the venders of digital content industry in Taiwan. There are 600 questionnaires mailed out and 141 questionnaires replied, and through SEM to analyze the paper hypotheses by using SAS-the statistical analysis method. The main research findings include: 1. The effect of the development performances of new products for successful research and development of new products is positive. Thus, the enterprises in the process of research and development of new products should pay more attention to the development speed, the development cost and the product quality in order to enhance the successful ratio of research and development of the new products. 2. The effect of guided competences of market knowledge for successful research and development of new products is positive. Once the enterprises understand to utilize collecting information which contains the customer information, competitor information and to transmit the integrated information to related departments, the successful ratio of research and development of the new products will be improved.

從知識經濟到創意經濟，我們看到一個新的產業典範來臨，主導現階段經濟發展的正是創意，並且能不斷生成、運用、及永續發展。 創意經濟時代，創意產業以智慧財產權為核心，是文化與商業的結合，要真正形成產業，進而產生效益並創造產值，在產業價值鏈的建構、智慧財產的創造、保護、流通與運用等面向，需要進一步探討與落實。 電影產業是創意產業的火車頭，是十分複雜的綜合體，談到電影，一般人應該是直接想到好萊塢，最近幾年，印度寶萊塢與韓流可能也映入腦中，後臥虎藏龍時代，華語電影則迅速竄起，吸引各界目光。 惟典型的關於電影討論與研究，多集中於電影發展的歷史、電影類型、電影風格、電影導演或演員的藝術成就、以及電影市場展介紹等。 電影創造的過程是最複雜的創意管理，電影的保護、流通與運用的過程，更是最複雜的智慧財產權管理，透過電影產業價值鏈當中契約交易過程，將可作為經濟財的智慧財產權的價值極大化，並經由多元管道及平台重複運用，是一項繁複的產業化的跨領域整合。 近年來，我國開始逐漸重視智慧財產相關理論研究與實務運作，惟相當程度仍侷限於所謂高科技產業的適用，就型態、內涵、及營運模式迥異的創意產業，由於其本身具有不同邏輯的產業特性，是否或如何適用，或是如何創新，相關研究仍屬缺乏。 從智慧財產權的創造、保護、流通與運用的角度，深入探究創意產業當中的電影產業，必須先了解電影產業的發展歷史、現況、與趨勢，並應同時針對產業特性以及產業價值鏈進行分析，才能夠清楚探討電影產業的智慧財產權管理相關議題。 對於高度變動性、內部價值鍊密切結合、混合複雜的創意團隊或個人的電影產業，實則是由各類型的契約組成，因此，透過交易契約內容之審視，將是分析及了解現代化電影產業結構及發展的重要切入面向之一，也才能真正活化電影產業並促進發展。 具有現代商業概念及操作的管理機制，在電影產業中已經同等重要，這項具有創意性的管理，即是由電影製片所擔綱，電影製片就如同一位新創事業的創業家，要致力於如何將促成一部成功電影的所有必要元素統籌成一份專案事業計畫，促成投資者投資，籌募足夠資金，並協調創意人完成電影專案並推向市場。 面對文化與藝術的體驗性、創意工作者對其作品的高度重視性、創作的不可確定性、成本的變動性、消費者及市場的不可預測性等，本研究從經濟運作及市場交易法則切入，探討電影產業背景、發展趨勢、產業價值鏈、與產業特性，並以製片觀點，分析電影產業的智慧財產權管理與相關實務契約，將商業及管理概念導入文化創意產業當中，以形成具體的產業發展典型。 文末並提出研究與研究建議。 以創意產業中相對複雜的電影產業作為研究對象，本研究希望除了促成並強化電影產業本身商業與藝術結合的健全發展之外，也期望可以作為其他創意產業領域發展的重要典範。 尤其是，創意產業由於具有無體性特質及外溢效果，在流通與應用本即具有多元化面向與特質，不能以傳統意義上的單一產業視之，而是藉由跨越多個產業多樣平台的價值實現過程，將相關產業連結在一起，包括動畫電影、影視與數位內容、數位影音、數位典藏、行動應用、表演藝術、流行音樂、品牌授權、甚至文化創意園區發展、閒置空間再造、文化觀光、城市及國家行銷等，將是跨越領域與界線的融合。 / In the transition from a Knowledge-Based Economy to a Creative Economy, we see the advent of a new industry mode. What dominates present-day economic development is Creativity, which is able to be regenerated, applied and developed in a sustainable fashion. In the age of the creative economy, the creative industries are centered on intellectual property rights, and are a union of culture, art and commerce. In order for them to become real industries, generate profit and create output value, we need to further explore the establishment of an industry value chain, and create, protect, circulate and apply related intellectual property. The film industry is the driving force of all creative industries. Film is an extremely complicated synthesis. The process of making a film involves the most sophisticated creativity management expertise, while the process of protecting, circulating and utilizing a film requires the most complex intellectual property right management skills. Through the contract negotiation process within the film industry’s value chain, the value of intellectual property rights as economic goods are maximized. With multiple channels and repeated use of application platforms, film-making is a complex multidisciplinary integration process. In recent years, Taiwan has begun to pay more attention to the study of the theory and practice of intellectual property. However, this study has so far been limited to applications of the high-tech industries. With regards to the creative industries, whose forms, contents and operating modes are rather different from those of the high-tech industries, little study has been conducted due to their different industry characteristics. To investigate the film industry from the angle of creating, protecting, circulating and applying intellectual property rights, one needs to first understand the history, current status and trends of the film industry as well as analyze the industry’s characteristics and value chain before investigating issues concerning management of the industry’s intellectual property rights and revitalization of the industry. Modern-day business concepts and management mechanisms are equally important to the film industry. The producer is charged with this creative management task. The producer is like the entrepreneur of a newly established business, who endeavors to turn all the elements a successful film contains into a business plan, raise sufficient funds and coordinate efforts to complete the film and release it. From economic and market perspectives, this study examines the film industry’s historical background, trends, value chain and characteristics. In addition, from the producer’s viewpoint, the study analyzes the industry’s management of intellectual property rights and contracts, and introduces business and management concepts into creative industries in order to form a concrete industry development model. At the end of the study, it puts forward its research findings and suggestions for future research. With the film industry, a relatively complicated industry within the creative industries, as the subject, the study hopes to promote integration of commercial and artistic aspects, as well as aspiring to set an example for other creative industries. As a result of their intangible nature and spillover effects, the circulation and application of creative industries possess diverse facets and qualities and therefore cannot be viewed as a single industry from a traditional perspective. Rather, through a value realization process spanning several industries and a variety of platforms, relevant industries that include animated features, visual and digital content, digital videos, digital archives, mobile applications, performing arts, popular music, and brand authorization are linked. Creative industries even include development of cultural parks, rejuvenation of disused spaces, cultural tourism, and city and national marketing. They are a fusion of different fields and boundaries.