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特種貨物及勞務稅條例(奢侈稅)對台北市房價之影響 / The influence of extravagance tax on housing price in Taipei city李傳信 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究旨在探討、分析政府於100年推動奢侈稅後,對民眾在處理房地產心理層面的影響,以及正式實施奢侈稅後房價的波動情形,並希望藉此了解奢侈稅的實施,對投資客及一般民眾購屋及售屋行為的影響。本研究採問卷調查法蒐集資料,以「奢侈稅(特種貨物及勞務稅條例)對購屋心理之影響問卷調查表」為研究工具,蒐集台北市35位受訪者(包含:投資客、一般民眾、學者、銀行業者、積極購屋者、建商、房屋仲介業者)之意見,並分析問卷調查的結果,進而了解奢侈稅的實施結果,並探究其原因。
依據資料分析與討論,本研究之結論如下:
一、整合有效的房地產政策
政府可藉由積極的賦稅政策,讓房地產持有成本增加,並盡速採用房屋買賣實價當成課稅的基礎,搭配現有的地價稅及房屋稅,每年直接對非自用住宅,或土地課予高且累進的稅率,增加房地產持有成本,降低房地產的所得暴利,炒房才能真正的被遏止,多餘的空屋才會被釋出給予需要的人,房價才會快速回到合理價位。
二、奢侈稅之實施成效
政府推出奢侈稅及中央銀行採行之各項管制措施,再加上財政部積極進行查緝財產交易所得稅之動作,基本上或多或少有抑制投機客的狂妄炒作現象,展現了奢侈稅的實施效果,若其配套措施能更加完備,一定能有效防止房價炒作的情形,讓房地產價格走入正軌。
最後依據本研究之結論,提出以下建議供行政單位參考:
一、行政院應針對土地使用管制,及房地產政策管理事務,組成跨部會小組,負責長期研究土地政策,及房地產發展,並定期提出適時之管理政策或修正規則,定期做成報告及改善意見,提供行政院進行房地產政策實施的參考。
二、行政院財政部或直轄市財政局、都市發展局及內政部須加強彼此互相合作,持續加強房地產交易所得稅的徵收,及相關稅賦的稽徵技巧,避免逃漏稅現象。
三、行政院應盡速建立房價透明機制及適時機需要執行實價課稅,並建立預警機制,運用此制度及資訊,監視房地產價格的波動情形。
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從中國外銷瓷看英格蘭貴族的消費文化 (1688-1730) / From Chinese export porcelain to reflect the consumer culture of English aristocracy (1688-1730)賴芊曄, Lai, Chien Yeh Unknown Date (has links)
於17至18世紀之際的全球貿易擴張和英格蘭政治、經濟、社會等層面的變動之下,英格蘭社會頻繁的階層垂直流動,推升了英格蘭貴族「炫耀性消費」(conspicuous consumption)的消費形態,在外在行為上展現個人的品味和自我認同,以區隔並排除他人的晉升。於此,集實用品、商品、收藏品和奢侈品於一身的「中國外銷瓷」即符合了英格蘭貴族此種需求,而英屬東印度公司對於中國貿易之路的逐漸掌控,也推升了英格蘭貴族對中國外銷瓷的狂熱購買,這種消費文化遂成為逐漸上升的中間階層既批判又仿效的對象。此時期亦是當代知識份子辯論奢侈、奢侈品和其承載意義的高峰期,大量出現的文本顯示出社會對此議題的重視,和對不斷擴張的全球貿易和英格蘭社會瀰漫的奢侈風氣的回應。本文試圖以英格蘭貴族對中國外銷瓷的狂熱為中心,探討這個外來的奢侈品,讓英格蘭貴族得以運用「炫耀性消費」來彰顯自身的財富、地位和品味,並幫助其塑造出有別於中、下階層的消費文化,以與中、下階層產生區隔,甚而影響了整個英格蘭社會的餐桌禮儀、飲食習慣和消費品味。
關鍵詞:炫耀性消費、中國外銷瓷、奢侈
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概觀全球奢侈品產業中之個人物品以及中國消費者對奢侈品品牌的態度 / Overview of the global personal goods luxury industry and chinese consumer attitudes towards luxury brands韓艾卡, Henao, Erika Unknown Date (has links)
The luxury industry is one of the most powerful and solid industries of all times. In 2015, it surpassed €1 trillion in retail sales value, increasing year after year with a constant growth rate around 5% at constant exchange rates. However, the luxury goods market found a slowdown in its growth, national economies started to recover step by step after the 2008-09 economic crisis and the market keeps attracting wealthy Chinese tourist's. Indeed, they bought half of the luxury goods sold in 2015.
The purpose of this thesis is to understand the Global personal luxury goods evolution over the years and the increasing role of Chinese consumers who fuel its continued growth. It provides an historical overview, summarizes the economic analysis of the industry, and includes a literature about the motivations of Chinese luxury purchases.
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對奢侈性財貨課徵特種銷售稅之研究----兼論我國高級消費品增課貨物稅問題吳金儒, Wu, Jin-Ru Unknown Date (has links)
本文概分理論、制度、實務三大部分,全文共計八章,約六萬字。第一章包括研究動
機,目的和方法。第二章至第五章為理論部分,首揭奢侈品之定義問題,分就道德觀
念,所得彈性,社會成本三方面加以闡述,之後即就奢侈品之特性,提出個人見解,
並限定本文討論範圍。次則探討奢侈性消費行為,針對Veblen的需要效果,Murkse的
示範效果,奢侈消費的連鎖作用及所得階層的偏好程度,加以簡明之分析。再更以部
分均衡分析及一般均衡分析方法,深入研究奢侈品課稅之轉嫁與歸宿理論。最後分將
奢侈品課稅可能產生之正、負效果提出討論。第六章為世界各國對奢侈品課稅之制度
簡介,原則上盡量以圖表說明,並比較中、日、韓三國對奢侈品課稅之內容。第七章
就我國高級消費品課徵貨物稅之現況加以分析檢討。更對課稅範圍、稽徵方式、稅價
評定三方面,試圖提出具體可行之改進意見。最後一章總結全文內容,做成結論與建
議。希冀對實際有所貢獻,是本文最基本的目標。
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人口動態と富裕 : 貧困認識をめぐる文明史論と政治算術 : 18 世紀スコットランド、イングランド経済思想の一側面FUKAGAI, Yasunori, 深貝, 保則 31 March 2010 (has links)
No description available.
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我國不動產整體稅制及合理性之探討 / The Study of Taiwan's Real Property Tax System and Its Rationality林美杏 Unknown Date (has links)
本論文針對我國不動產整體稅制及合理性之探討,區分為每年繳納的持有稅及買賣移轉時課徵的交易稅,分別歸類爭議問題。
【持有稅】
地價稅:
(一)稅基偏低。
(二)自用住宅用地認定標準過於寬鬆。
(三)減免範圍過於浮濫。。
房屋稅:
(一)稅基偏低。
(二)非自住房屋稅率偏低。
(三)減免範圍過大。
(四)課稅範圍不合理。
豪宅稅:
(一)無法抑制房價。
(二)「八大標準」難以客觀認定。
(三)加徵豪宅稅徒增稅制複雜性。
【交易稅】
奢侈稅:
(一)成效不彰。
(二)未將預售屋轉讓契約及非都市土地納入課徵範圍。
(三)逃漏稅手法層出不窮。
(四)不論盈虧皆要繳納奢侈稅。
土地增值稅:
(一)稅基以公告土地現值評價易形成漲價歸私。
(二)重購退稅以公告土地現值為比較基準有失公允。
(三)違反量能課稅。
財產交易所得稅制:稅制不符合公平正義。
契稅:契價與市價落差大。
印花稅:稅基偏低。
本論文參酌國際稅制、專家及學者探討不動產整體稅制及合理性爭議問題的見解後,提出下列建議:
地價稅:
(一)縮短公告地價期間及調升公告地價以接近市價並調高「累進起點地價」與各級距累進稅率。
(二)修訂「自用住宅用地」優惠稅率之適用範圍。
(三)重新檢討減免範圍。
房屋稅:
(一)調高房屋評定現值以貼近市價。
(二)重新修訂自住房屋定義採全國總歸戶並提高囤房稅率。
(三)縮減房屋稅減免範圍。
(四)不動產持有稅房地合一:房屋稅併入地價稅課徵「不動產稅」
豪宅稅:
(一)調高公告地價並增加「多屋族」「富豪群」租稅負擔。
(二)重新檢視豪宅稅的課稅範圍。
(三)不動產持有稅房地合一:房屋稅與地價稅房地合一並以「實際成交價格」為認定標準。
奢侈稅:
(一)加強打擊不動產投機交易動機。
(二)重新審定課稅標的。
(三)加強查緝逃漏奢侈稅。
(四)政府應朝實價課徵資本利得稅方向調整稅制。
土地增值稅:
(一)調整土地公告現值接近市價。
(二)以實價登錄之成交價作為重購退稅衡量標準。
(三)不動產交易稅房地合一:土地增值稅與財產交易所得稅「房地合一」實價課稅。
財產交易所得稅:循序漸進按實價課稅。
契稅:以房地合一的交易價格實價課徵「取得不動產稅」且稅率應配合調降。
印花稅:依實價課稅且稅率應配合調降。
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精品品牌奢侈量表建構之研究 / Constructing the Brand Luxury Scale楊淳聿, Yang,Chun-Yu Unknown Date (has links)
「奢侈平民化」帶動奢侈品牌年年高成長的業績,卻迫使品牌必須面對截然不同的消費者態度與品味。品牌欲持續保有強勢地位,必須了解奢侈在消費者心目中的意義以及消費者如何評估奢侈品牌。因此,本研究欲探討台灣精品消費者認知中構成品牌奢侈的因素,建構衡量品牌奢侈之量表,並以量表探討消費者購買經驗對奢侈認知之影響,及分析個別品牌的現況及優劣勢,研擬具體的競爭策略方向。
本研究選取五個奢侈品牌作為分析標的,進行實證研究,期望達到下列研究目的:
(1)驗證品牌奢侈量表,建立評估奢侈品牌的管理工具;
(2)探討不同奢侈品牌購買經驗之消費者對各品牌奢侈認知的差異性;
(3)探討各奢侈品牌在消費者心目中的知覺定位,擬定未來的策略方向。
依本研究之目的,擬定研究架構及確立抽樣設計,並發放問卷收集消費者資訊。之後以二階驗證性因素分析檢驗品牌奢侈量表模式品質;再利用量表探討不同購買經驗對奢侈認知的影響;最後則以多元尺度分析進行知覺定位分析,經實證分析得到以下研究發現:
(1)品牌奢侈包含知覺炫耀性、知覺獨特性、知覺品質、知覺享樂價值與知覺延伸自我等五個構面,其影響力依序排列為知覺享樂價值>知覺延伸自我>知覺獨特性>知覺炫耀性>知覺品質。
(2)台灣地區消費者於購買奢侈品牌之產品後,對品牌奢侈程度的認知無明顯地降低,對品牌的奢侈評價與無購買經驗者沒有顯著差異。
(3)各奢侈品牌的改善重點主要包括知覺品質、知覺享樂價值以及知覺獨特性等三項,其中知覺品質為市場最重要之關鍵因素。
根據實證分析之結果,衍生出許多的策略涵意,包括掌握關鍵因素、規劃競爭策略以及未來發展方向等,可以作為奢侈品牌改善或塑造奢侈形象及規劃策略方向的參考依據。 / “Luxury Democratization” brings great growth to the luxury goods market, but also forced these brands to confront consumers with different attitudes and tastes. As a result, it is critical for luxury brand managers to understand consumer’s perception of brand luxury in order to maintain the brands’ luxury image. This research focused on the confirmation of Brand Luxury Scale to understand Taiwanese cousumers’ perception of brand luxury. Based on the Scale, the influence of purchase experience to luxury perception was tested, and the competitive advantages of five luxury brands were analyzed. Competitive strategies of each brand were futher developed.
Research was conducted by using five luxury brands and expected to achieve the following research purposes:
(1)Confirm the Brand Luxury Scale to establish a managerial tool for brand luxuriousness evaluation;
(2)Use the Brand Luxury Scale to evaluate the influence of purchase experience to luxury perception;
(3)Use the Brand Luxury Scale to evaluate consumers’ perception of different brands, and seek to imply different competitive strategies for these brands base on the analysis.
After the conduction of research framework, sampling design and data collection, Secondary Comfirmatory Factor Analysis was used to confirm the structure of Brand Luxury Scale. 1-Way ANOVA was used to test the influence of purchase experience to luxury perception. Finally, Multi-Dimensional Scaling Analysis was implied to analyze the perceptual position of each brand. The research findings are as below:
(1)Brand Luxury is constructed by five dimensions: Perceived Conspicuousness, Perceived Uniqueness, Perceived Quality, Perceived Hedonic, and Perceived Extended-self. The order of dimensional influence is Perceived Hedonic> Perceived Extended -self> Perceived Uniqueness> Perceived Conspicuousness> Perceived Quality.
(2)No difference in brand luxury perception between different purchasing experience consumers was found, showing that the perceptions of brand luxury of Taiwanese consumers’ remain unchanged after purchase.
(3)Perceived Quality is the most important dimension of all, and the five luxury brands tested needs to improve in dimensions of Perceived Quality, Perceived Hedonic, and Perceived Uniqueness.
According to the results, several managerial implications were derived, including key factors in marketing and competitive strategy of each brand. These strategies can be used in improving the performance of perceived luxuriousness of brand, enhancing brand luxury image, and planning the direction of luxury marketing and brand strategy.
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主要國家課徵不動產奢侈稅制度比較之研究 / A study on real estate luxury tax system levied in major countries.童佩慧, Tung, Pei Hui Unknown Date (has links)
2010年台灣經濟成長率創新高,然貧富差距卻是台灣面臨最大問題之一,為避免大眾不良觀感,行政院乃針對高價服務、商品或交易,研議特種銷售稅,即通稱之「奢侈稅」,並於2011年通過與施行「特種貨物及勞務稅條例」。各國採行特種銷售稅種類繁多,課徵目的、稅率各有不同。究竟我國課徵奢侈稅制度與他國制度有何不同? 課徵奢侈稅效果為何?此為本研究主要動機。
本研究針對上述問題,採文獻分析與深度訪談法,進行深入的分析與探討。經實證分析發現:(1)主要國家課徵奢侈稅,課徵項目與目的各異。(2)解決不動產飆漲問題,多管齊下多重效果。(3)透過交易稅抑制投機,短空長多。(4)國際間相互依存,政府政策相互影響。(5)資訊透明化是決定市場機制能否發揮功效之關鍵之一。(6)不動產市場存在三種價格,阻礙不動產市場發展,更違反社會正義。(7)我國房價高漲主因財產稅稅負偏低。 / Although economic growth in Taiwan hit an all-time high in 2010, the gap between the rich and the poor has become one of Taiwan’s most serious issues. The Executive Yuan, in an effort to avoid negative public perceptions, held deliberations on a special sales tax for high-priced services, goods and trade, also commonly known as a “luxury tax”. The “Specifically Selected Goods and Services Tax Act” was sent to the Legislative Yuan for review 2011. Countries around the world have implemented many kinds of special sales tax. Such taxes differ in regard to their intended purpose and imposed rate. Exactly how does Taiwan’s imposed luxury tax differ from those of other countries? What has been the result of imposing the luxury tax in Taiwan? Finding out the answers to these two questions is the primary objective of this paper.
This study conducted literature analysis and in-depth analys. Through the empirical analysis we found that: (1) The items and reasons for taxing should be considered separately. (2) In addressing the issue of soaring real estate prices, multi-pronged approaches bring multiple results. (3) Transaction taxes to control speculation result in short-term pain, but long-term gain. (4) Because of the interdependent nature of nations, the government policies of a given nation influence other nations. (5) information transparency is a key factor in deciding whether or not market mechanisms can be effectively leveraged. (6) the existence of three different prices in the real estate market is a barrier to the development of the market and, more importantly, violates the principles of social justice. (7) the main reason behind the rocketing price of housing in Taiwan is the low property tax burden.
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