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The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers
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論胡塞爾對「二元論」之超克周晏伊, Chou,Yenyi Unknown Date (has links)
本論文試圖以胡塞爾現象學解決哲學史以來留下的哲學難題之可能－「心物或心身二元論」（dualism），克服胡塞爾在《危機》一書中分析的二元論之根源「心靈自然化」問題。哲學層次上心物二分（斷裂）延伸出不可認識之「不可知論」；身心二分說明了理論解釋上的問題，重點是如何看待心靈與身體及其關係都是根本要待釐清。當代心靈哲學為解決心身問題出發而傾向將心靈物化，實體唯物主義為基本共識，精神自然化的思考導致精神醫學採以「器質論」立場。並且科學心理學作為物理學邏輯延續也都導向「還原」方法研究可觀察實驗的行為上。
胡塞爾的將心物關係轉換為「純粹意識中意向活動與意向對象的意向關係」，具體經驗事實世界的本來面貌為意向活動所形構的意向對象，反過來說意義賦予活動成就了事實自身。而身心問題溯回至心靈與身體原初意義而自然消解兩者二分的問題。關於二元論的解決同時是心靈自然化的克服，現象學試圖理解一門非自然化的心靈的可能，徹底批判科學化心理學處理，建構一門徹底擺心理物理科學影響之下的獨立心理學即「純粹現象學心理學」。
關鍵字：胡塞爾、心物二元論、身心二元論、心靈自然化、純粹意識、身體、心靈、現象學心理學、超驗現象學 / The thesis tries to solve the philosophical problem－mind-body dualism－in philosophical history by Edmund Husserl’s phenomenology, and the problem of naturalize mind or soul which causes dualism in “The Crisis of European Sciences and Transcendental phenomenology”. Philosophically, mind-body（matter） dualism leads to agnosticism in epistemology. Mind-body dualism problem comes from the problem of interpretation in theory, and it is important to essentially understand mind, body and their relation. The philosophy of mind in modern times makes mind materialize in order to solve the mind-body dualism, and substance materialism is accepted by most of philosophers. This effects psychiatry thinks psychosis as an organic disease. Besides, scientific psychology is in logical continuity with, and relies partly upon, the physical sciences, and makes use of reductive method to research observable and experimental behavior.
Edmund Husserl turns mind-body relation into conscious relation of noesis-noema in pure consciousness. Fact world as noema is constituted by noesis, or bestowing sense achieves things themselves. Solving mind-body problem is going back to primary meaning of mind and body, and then the problem is solved naturally. Solving mind-body dualism is the same as naturalized mind. Phenomenology attempts to know anti-naturalized mind, to criticize thoroughly scientific psychology, and to establish a purely phenomenological psychology which is free of everything psychophysical.
Key words：Edmund Husserl、dualism、naturalize mind ∕soul、pure consciousness、body、mind、phenomenological psychology、transcendental phenomenology
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論胡塞爾現象學之主體性悖論 / ON PARADOX OF SUBJECTIVITY IN HUSSERL’S PHENOMENOLOGY江偉峰, Chiang,Wei-Feng Unknown Date (has links)
主體性，是作為相對於客體性而言之主觀存在，且同時是作為在客體性中的客觀存在。如此一種普遍地可能存在於一切認識活動中的雙重存在狀態，正是所謂的「主體性的悖論」。而根據胡塞爾現象學式的沈思回溯考察，這樣一種可能的悖論形態之形成的原因，無非就出於主體多少偏執「客觀存在性先行存在」作為認識活動的理所當然性的前提之故。因為此種由主體對客體性存在與否具有著強烈興趣而產生出的偏執，總是讓主體在對「客觀存在性如何先行存在」此一問題少有深思的情形下，或是有所盲目或是有所扭曲地將自身多少誤解為關聯於客體而共同存在於客體性之中，且同時還多少將此種主體-客體的關聯當作兩者間具有某種平行類比意義的根據，甚而多少誤解主體是客體的類比存在性且可來自於對客體的存在性進行抽象而得之補充抽象的東西。如此一來，不僅主體固有的本質存在方式多少被化約遮蔽地客體化了，客體作為主觀的被給予東西的意義也多少被片面地簡化了，甚至還有那種由最深刻的不可理解的悖論危險性，所帶來之「客觀存在性如何能被主觀地認識」此一非比尋常的認識活動/知識（真理）之謎。而根據胡塞爾現象學式的沈思回溯考察，唯有通過徹底的「懸擱」來全面克制對客體性存在與否的強烈興趣，主體的目光才能完全解除指向客觀存在性的束縛，而以自由的反思活動來真正深入自身的主觀存在性之中，「無悖論地」揭示出自身「如何」以固有的本質存在方式主觀地認識到一切作為客觀存在性之主觀被給予的「事物本身」。
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