走過資本與勞力密集的工業時代後，全世界已邁向知識密集的新局面，在這樣的潮流下，各國無不發展知識經濟以提升競爭優勢，我國政府也開始設法將內容、創意與科技結合，積極推動數位內容產業，此外，文化創意產業同樣已成為新世紀知識經濟的主流之一，由此可知，任何產業皆須開始重視內涵與創意，而文化又是知識的累積和傳承，若能將對國家的文化認同運用於創意產業，並深入表現在國民的生活文化裡，不啻為符合環境趨勢又能造就一種新經濟形態的好方法。 有鑑於數位出版典藏成長力道之強勁，以及目前國際間無不致力從事國家典藏數位化的工作，再加上我國包括「數位典藏國家型科技計畫」等數位典藏工作之進行，和近幾年針對數位典藏各層面問題之探究所召開的多場研討會，在在顯示數位內容產業之一的「數位典藏」愈來愈受到關注，而將文物數位化保存只是起步，運用數位典藏內容素材進行加值應用從而促進數位典藏與文化創意產業的發展才是更大的價值所在，因此本研究選擇以「數位典藏加值應用」為研究焦點，且由於數位典藏內容在加值應用過程中，包括數位內容之取得、保護、利用、甚至於授權、行銷等，每個階段都與法律考量環環相扣，如何確保數位典藏內容從產生到流通的過程中，創作者受到法律規範應有的保護，又不致過度妨礙知識的擴散以激發更多創新，是值得研究的議題，因此本研究擬分別由理論面與實務面歸納出與數位典藏加值應用發展相關的重要法律議題加以分析論述。 本研究在理論面係針對「資料庫之法律保護」與「科技保護措施衍生的法律爭議」兩大主題為探討，至於實務面則以個案訪談方式瞭解典藏機構與業界加值應用的現況、所遭遇的法律問題與挑戰、以及對於未來發展的看法，最後即根據文獻資料分析與訪談發現歸納研究結論與提出建議。 本研究在進行法律文獻研讀並比較國內外法制發展之後，認為著作權法對資料庫的之保護不足，以其它方式保護亦有其限制，為促進數位典藏資料庫之建置並保護投資，以推廣數位典藏之加值應用，因此建議我國應推行以雙軌制保護資料庫之立法。至於科技保護措施的立法方面，本研究主張為適當維護數位典藏內容擁有者與加值應用者的權利，以及符合我國政府推動數位內容產業的政策目標，並順應國際立法趨勢，必須就數位環境與網路時代下之數位內容給予更有力的保護，故我國仍應立法規範禁止規避科技保護措施的行為，但必須正視美國數位千禧年著作權法案之反規避條款所造成的諸多問題，亦即未來我國立法勢必要考量公益與產業情況。 值得一提的是，本研究在訪談中發現文化資產保存法第十六條規定在適用上似與著作權法第四十三條有所衝突，應修法使得文化資產保存法的定位更加明確，惟基於促進國家整體文化發展，本研究認為屬於公有的文化資產不妨儘量傳播並供後人利用。再者，進行數位典藏工作及其後的加值應用，均須留意智慧財產權問題，且在授權方面，應儘可能取得「再授權」他人利用的權利，以便於能就利用成果再創價值，而考量到數位時代大量運用著作的需要及效率，亦應催生著作權集體管理機制之建立。 關於數位典藏加值應用的推行，進而驅動數位內容與文化創意產業的發展，本研究在個案訪談後亦有數點建議。首先應正視文化認同問題，畢竟要形成產業必須活絡消費，而其根源在於整個社會人民是否對於我國文化仍有信心與熱愛；其次當然要重視創意與內容，因為這才是消費者最終體驗的核心。 又因我國擁有中華文化且位居多元文化交融之處，以華文市場為基石並準備進軍國際，是我國運用文化內容以發展創意產業的機會所在，其它如善用行銷與通路把創意的產品或服務帶到消費者面前、加強智慧財產權教育與宣導、培養包括創意人才、A型人才與智慧財產權專業人才等，皆是產業發展的關鍵要素。 附帶說明，本研究在訪談中，發現業界對於公部門的定位不清有其憂慮，故本研究建議政府應該提供一個公平、開放，讓市場機制自由運作的環境，並應避免過度介入反而有礙產業進展。 數位典藏讓珍貴文物資產有更多重的運用空間，其後續的加值利用更是商機無限，期待在整體環境日趨健全的情況下，透過典藏機構、學界與業界的合作，能真正實現「文化產業化、產業文化化」的願景。 / As the capital-intensive and labor-intensive industry era went by, the whole world has marched toward the knowledge-intensive new situation. Under this trend, many countries develop the knowledge economy to improve the competitiveness .Our government also begins to combine the content and originality with technology and develop the digital content industry positively. Besides, the cultural creative industry has already become one of the mainstreams of the knowledge economy in the new century. Thus every industry must pay attention to intension and creativity. Culture is the accumulation and inheritance of the knowledge. If we apply the cultural identification to the creative industry and make it display deeply in people's life, it will not only be the good method that can bring up a kind of new economic form, but can be corresponded with the environmental trend. Because digital publishing and digital archiving grow up powerfully, many countries are devoted to digitizing national collections at present. Besides, our country proceeds to digitize national collections, such as ' National Digital Archives Program '. Many seminars are held with many aspects of questions on digital archiving in recent years. The above-mentioned situations show that ' digital archive ' draws more and more attention. However, the digitization of historical relics is just the beginning. The greater value is to use digital archive content or materials to go into value-added applications and then push the development of digital content and cultural creative industry. Thus the ' value-added applications for digital archiving ' is focused in this study. Because in the process of value-added applications for digital archive content, including acquirement, protection, utilizing, authorizing and marketing , many questions should be considered with the law at each stage. How to guarantee that the creator is under the protection of the law from the beginning to circulation of digital archive content and make sure that these protections will not hinder the diffusion of knowledge is the worth studying topic. Thus this study plans to generalize some important legal issues which are relevant to the development of value-added applications for digital archiving from aspects of theory and practice and then analyze and discuss them. In the theoretical aspect, this study focuses on ' the legal protection of the database ' and ' the legal dispute of the technological protective measures '. In the practical aspect, the writer collects information about the archive institutions and industry’s present situation, legal questions, challenge and views on development in the future of value-added applications for digital archiving by means of case interview. Finally, the study puts forward the conclusion and the suggestion according to documents analysis and interview finding. After studying legal documents and comparing the development of domestic and international legal system, the writer thinks that the protection of database by copyright law is insufficient and is also limited by other way. This study suggests that our government should pursue the legislation of protecting the database with the dual track approach for the sake of promoting the construction of digital archive database and protection of investment to popularize value-added applications for digital archiving. As for the legislation of the technological protective measure, this study advocates that our government must offer stronger protection on digital content under digital environments and internet era to protect the rights of digital archive content owner and those who use digital archive content to add value properly. To accord with the policy goal that our government promotes the digital content industry and comply with the international legislative trend, our country should legislate against circumventing technological protective measure in the future. Nevertheless, our government must face the questions derived from anti-circumvention provisions of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act in US. It means that our government must consider public good and industry's situation in future lawmaking. It deserves to be mentioned that this study find there is likely conflict between application to article 16 of Cultural Assets Conservation Law and article 43 of copyright law in interview. Thus our government should revise law to make the orientation of Cultural Assets Conservation Law clearer. However, in the cause of bringing about an advance of national whole culture, this study has an idea that cultural assets belong to the public should be propagated and utilized as far as possible. Moreover, it must be looked out for intellectual property right on digital archiving and its value-added applications. In terms of authorization, this study suggests that authorized people should obtain the right of 'reauthorization ' so that they can use the achievement to create value again. Considering the need and efficiency of work utilization, our government should expedite to set up the collective management mechanism of copyright. In regard to the development of value-added applications for digital archiving and then drive digital content and cultural creativity industry, this study also propose several suggestions after case interview. First, we should face the question of cultural identification. Activating consumption can form the industry and its origin lies in whether the whole society is still confident of and has deep love for the Chinese culture. Second, we certainly should pay attention to the creativity and content because those are the cores that consumers experience ultimately. Because our country has Chinese culture and occupies the place where plural culture blend, it is the opportunity for our country to use cultural content to develop creativity industry and base on Chinese-language market to march into world. The rests of suggestions such as making the best of marketing and channel to take the creative products or service to consumers and strengthening the education and propagation of intellectual property right and training including creative talent , A type talent and professional talent of intellectual property right, etc. The foregoing are all key elements of industry development. Additionally, this study found in interview that the industry is worried about the unclearly position of the common department , so the writer advise government should offer fair and open environment to let market mechanism free operate so that avoid getting involved excessivly and hinder industry's progress instead . Digital archive lets precious historical assets have more multiple application space, and its follow-up value-added application bring limitless business opportunity. We expect that the vision of ' culture industrialization and industry culturalize' can really carry out by means of the cooperation between archive institutions and industry.

數位影像，尤以數位影片和動畫為目前數位典藏授權模式之主流，惟我國數位典藏計畫執行至今，仍係在「典藏」文物，未達到「推廣」典藏文物之層次。於是，本研究參酌國外教育影音網站之推廣模式，如iTunes U和YouTube EDU等，探討如何利用免費分享的模式，達到有效宣傳影音內容之目的，進而創造出有利的經營模式。 本研究以個案訪談的方式，選擇頑石創意公司和格林文化公司作為探討之對象。研究發現，目前數位影像典藏產業中加值廠商的經營模式，已不再以數位動畫資源作為主要營利來源，改變既有之經營模式才是重點所在，改以數位動畫資源為互補性資源，透過經營模式之改造而使價值網上之參與者的轉變。 研究顯示，頑石創意公司未來之經營模式為舉辦數位文創巡迴展，從原本動畫製造商角色，轉變為文化創意產業發展的整合角色。相對地，格林文化公司則以Telly Bear電子閱讀器做為未來發展的經營模式，惟初期的成功仍會受到後來競爭者模仿、封閉式硬體和軟體等挑戰。 最後的結論與建議，本研究主要針對政府和產業加值廠商方面，自之前的研究論述之中發現的，思考現存的問題。 / This research aims to focus on digital video, because it will be the mainstream of the digital archive in the future. With respect to the lack of promotion of digital archives in Taiwan, this research will examine the promotion model from well-known educational video websites, for example iTunes U and YouTube EDU, and research how free-sharing model works and how to achieve the goal of promotion, and further create a profitable business model. This research will take Bright Ideas Design and Grimm Press as case study companies. The survey reveals that the business models for digital video archives in the industry have changed from digital video based to digital video as complementary asset for the business model. By transforming the business model, it can also transform the participants in the value net of the company. According to the above surveys, the new business model for Bright Ideas Design would be hosting a Digital Creative and Cultural Exhibition Tour, which instead of being an animation producer the company could become an integrator of the creative and cultural industry. In the final part of conclusion and suggestion, this research aims at government and the participants in the industry and provides solutions towards existing problems regarding previously found issues and referred cases.

我國數位典藏計畫自民國87年起至今已發展逾十四年，並於民國91年啟動數位典藏國家型科技計畫。目前已有超過100餘個圖書館、檔案館及博物館等機構參與，且具有多元豐富的主題內容。 本研究旨在探討我國數位典藏計畫自民國91年至99年間之學術論文成果，包含民國97年至99年數位典藏與數位學習國家型科技計畫之成果文獻。本研究採用書目計量學進行文獻特性與跨領域合作分析，經資料蒐集及統計後共計3,032筆書目。首先，針對近九年書目進行文獻特性與主題分析，再者，針對近三年文獻作者計1,186位，進一步進行跨機構與跨領域合作分析。希冀透過本研究，檢視我國數位典藏計畫近九年之學術論文成果分析，並觀察我國數位典藏計畫參與機構/成員間之跨領域合作情形。 本研究結果歸納如下：1.我國數位典藏與數位學習計畫學術研究多元，以研討會論文類型發表居多；2.我國數位典藏與數位學習計畫文獻內容以系統建置與技術服務主題居多，觀察近三年文獻主題則以「數位學習與教育」方面文獻數則較多，可推論因97年起與「數位學習國家型科技計畫」計畫合併，因而在數位學習方面之文獻數量比例增加。3.近三年機構生產力排名為國立臺灣師範大學、中央研究院、國立中央大學、國立臺灣大學、國立臺南大學；4.近三年作者領域以人文及社會科學與工程技術為背景居多；5.近三年作者跨領域合作以工程技術與科學教育合著情形居多。 / The Taiwan Digital Archives Program had been developed 14 years since 1998. Presently, more than 100 libraries, archives and museums and other institutions had involved, and the digital content range covering art, humanities history and life science. This study aimed to explore the Taiwan Digital Archives Program from 2002 to 2007 and its successor of Taiwan Digital Archives and e-Learning Program from 2008 to 2010 as research scope. The research is to find out characteristics of the literature production and to look into the interdisciplinary collaboration between co-authors. The major findings are as follows: a. Taiwan Digital Archives and e-Learning Program has diverse research and development, and types of published papers were mainly conference papers. b. The subject of published papers of Taiwan Digital Archives and e-Learning Program were mainly system building and technical services. However, to observe in recent years the literature subjects are mainly e-learning and education. c. The past three years of productivity rankings in sequence is National Taiwan Normal University, Academia Sinica, National Central University, National Taiwan University and National University of Tainan. d. The past three years of author background is mainly humanities and social sciences and engineering and technical. e. To observe the interdisciplinary collaboration of co-authors is between engineering technology and science education.

數位典藏是將物件以數位影像的形式進行典藏，並放置在網路系統供使用者瀏覽，能達到流通推廣與保存維護的效果。但在目前資訊爆炸的時代，數位典藏若僅透過詮釋資料描述是無法有效幫助使用者獲得內容資訊，唯有將之建置成全文檢索模式，才能方便使用者快速檢索到所需資訊，而光學字元辨識技術（簡稱OCR）能協助進行全文內容的輸出。 本研究藉由實際操作OCR軟體辨識明代古籍，探究古籍版式及影像對於軟體辨識結果之影響；藉由深度訪談訪問有實際參與數位典藏全文化經驗之機構人員，探究機構或個人對於計畫施行之觀點與考量。結果發現，雖然實際辨識結果顯示古籍版式與影像會對於OCR辨識有所影響，綜合訪談內容得知目前技術層面已克服古籍版式的侷限，但對於影像品質的要求仍然很高，意指古籍影像之品質對OCR的辨識影響程度最大；雖然OCR辨識技術已經有所突破，顯示能善用此技術協助進行全文資料庫的建立，但礙於技術陌生、經費預算、人力資源等因素，使得多數機構尚未運用此技術協助執行數位典藏全文化。 本研究建議，機構日後若有興趣執行數位典藏全文化計畫，首先，需要制定經常出適合機構執行的作業流程，並且瞭解自身欲處理物件之狀況，好挑選出適合的輸入處理模式；再者，需要多與技術廠商溝通協調，瞭解所挑選之物件是否符合處理上的成本效益；最後，綜合典藏機構與使用者之需求考量下，建議未來採取與OCR廠商合作的方式，由使用者自行挑選需要物件進行OCR辨識，校對完成後將全文內容回饋給典藏機構。這樣不僅能瞭解使用者需求為何，也能降低機構全文校對所耗費的成本。 / Digital Archives, placed in the network system for users to browse, change the collection into the digital images, and can help to preserve the collection and promote the content information. However, in the era of information explosion, Digital Archives can’t help users to retrieve the information in the collection by simply recording metadata. So, only when built into the full text retrieval can Digital Archives provide users with a quick retrieval of the information they want. And the Optical Character Recognition (OCR) can help to output the full text information. The study explores the ancient books’ format and impact of image quality on the recognition results by recognizing the ancient books of the Ming dynasty with the OCR software. The study also explores institutional as well as individual views and considerations by in-depth interviewing institutional staff with experiences in the full text of Digital Archives plan. From the result we can discover that though the ancient books’ format and image quality do have influences on the recognition results, the overall interview suggests that the technology has overcome the limitation of the format under the high requirement for the image quality; that is, the quality of ancient books’ images is the most influential factor in the recognition results. Although the OCR already has the breakthrough in assisting the establishment of the full text database, most institutions have not yet applied this technology to full-textualization of the Digital Archives due to technical unfamiliar, budget, human resources and other factors. The study suggests that if some day one institution is interested in working on the the full text of the Digital Archives project, it firstly needs to develop a proper SOP and needs to understand the conditions of their ready-to-be-textualized collections so that it can adopt a suitable input mode. Secondly, this institution needs to communicate with the OCR company more so that it can realize whether the chosen collection fits the cost-effectiveness. Finally, under the considerations of both the institution and users, the study suggests that institutions can cooperate with OCR companies in the future, so users can choose collections for OCR recognition on their own and give the full text to the institutions as feedback after proofreading. This can not only understand users’ needs but also reduce the cost of the proofreading for the institution.

「智慧財產權」係指人類精神活動之成果而產生財產上之價值者，由法律所創設之一種權利。然而著作權是智慧財產權之一種，著作權法是為了保障著作人應有之權利而制定之法律，但並非所有著作均受到著作權法的保護，立法者於制定著作權法時，考量重點有三：著作人之權益、社會公共利益與國家社會發展三方面，然而著作人在創作時，往往會涉及先人文化之遺產，所以立法時仍顧及公共利益予以限制，再者著作權制度終極目標乃是促進國家文化發展，當面臨公共利益與著作權人權益保護衝突時，應特別注意兩者之平衡，考量使社會大眾能在合理程度範圍內，自由利用著作權人之文化創作，以促進國家社會發展。 隨著科技時代的來臨，過去人類所創造的文化資產與各類的知識，可以藉由科技來加以保存、整理、傳播及利用，一方面使得知識能永久保存下來，一方面使得知識與文化資源得以共享，繼而加速文明的進步。有鑑於此，各國也紛紛著手進行數位典藏計劃，我國擁有悠久的歷史背景、累積豐富的文化資產以及珍貴的文獻與歷史文物，現也正積極進行相關的數位典藏計劃，而圖書館的典藏受到資訊科技的影響，逐漸開始著手進行自動化的工作，並引進許多電子資源，這些資源建立了數位館藏，內容包含電子書、電子期刊、電子資料庫，也進一步參與了許多數位典藏計劃，但數位資源與數位典藏當中仍然有許多著作權相關的問題瀰漫著，而資源建立進而引發著作權的問題。 美國著作權法是全世界發展最為完善的國家之一，其使用各種方式來協助一些侵權問題嚴重的國家，而我國對於著作權法的修訂，與美國方面的淵源頗深，並由圖書館數位典藏管理的角度來進行分析，針對中美兩國圖書館數位典藏管理與著作權法之關係，擬就研究問題逐一進行分析與探討之。在兩國數位典藏管理與著作權法的議題之中，時常有相關性的議題產生，進而牽動整體修法的方向，需要相互比對。本研究藉由比較研究法的方式，瞭解兩國之間的差異性，並且透過描述、解釋、併排、比較的過程，最後進行分析之，將比較之結果做一結論，以驗證研究假設，得出具體性的建議。 / Intellectual property right is a priority protection based upon a compromise as an aspect of human spirit activities achievement. With respect of it creates a statutory and potential property right for writers of which does not cover for all of writings, the cardinal principle of establishing copying is writer’s rights and interests, public interest, and society development three factors. In respect of the writer as in creating to which may involved with culture inheritance affiliated rights that need to take both of upon factors into account on copyright system establishment. Particularly, how to negotiate the conflict rights to make balance for the public interest and writer’s copyright protection in terms of promoting society development by adopting the creations of writers’ copyright freely which under a legitimate range. Benefited from the help of high technique of science adoption for those cultural properties and correlative knowledge preservation, organization, broadcasting, and utilization of which make a possibility of sharing cultural resources by each other and to keep progressing for human culture constantly. Consequently, adopt a digital collection plan for national heritage become a current for the global nations. In concern of the long-standing historical background of Republic of China, have an abundant cultural heritage and plentiful valuable document and historical relics that engaged in a necessary planning project for processing correlative digital collection recently. However, a solemn concern emerged by the subject of copyrights as integrating the electronic book, electronic periodical, and electronic information bank into the respective sub-subject planning. United States as the world top faultless copyright law featured country, which providing assistance to help those countries that seriously infringed by copyright tort and implementing different methods to improve copyright revision. Especially, according to the reality of Republic of China has a long good relationship with United States that is necessary to make a comparison study for respective library digital collection management and copyright between two countries. Regarding the two study subjects of which interact debate revelation frequently that is necessary to make a comparative analysis and probe into the core of two correlative digital collection managements on the direction of integral law revision. In this study, implement comparative analysis to understand the differences between two countries and through the process of description, interpretation, juxtaposition, and comparison to analyze the comparison result. At last, a specific proposal provided by the analysis conclusion and testify assumes in this paper.

本研究將從法律及管理觀點，分析博物館文物典藏品影像檔案的法律性質，介紹大英博物館及法國羅浮宮的藏品影像授權商品業務的經營經驗，並以國立故宮博物院為例，說明博物館數位文物圖檔授權對於文化創意產業所發展發揮之效益，也透過廠商訪談獲得對於其現行授權業務營運之意見。本研究最後也對於現行典藏機構之藏品影像管理及授權業務提出幾點建議：針對不當使用行為主張法律上權利予以制止、創設特別權利保護資料庫、權利管理電子資訊及防盜拷措施保護條款之準用、積極開發潛在智慧財產，以獲得法律保護、公正、公開、公平地經營藏品影像授權業務、鬆綁或彈性適用法令程序，設計多元且適合的商業模式、平等、互惠、雙贏的合作條件、創造衍生著作、創造附加價值、確認藏品影像品質並因應不同用途進行標準化、及透過網路、集中管理典藏產出之影像檔案等建議。 / Technology of Digitalization has improved the enforcement of National Digital Archives Program. The outcomes of NDAP bridged the conserving authorities and the industries and inspired their commercial interactions. Domestic conserving authorities, which are usually museums or galleries, should promote and manage the outcomes in a positive way for the industries to make use of. This paper explains the legal protection, especially intellectual property laws, of the image of the painting, calligraphy, antique or other historical artwork. The experiences of operating commercial business of the British Museum and the Louvre Museum are introduced. Then, this paper takes National Palace Museum as an example, to investigate its commercial business related to the licensing of artworks images, and to gather the opinions from its cooperating enterprises. In the end, the paper submits several suggestions on legal and managing point of view about the operation of art images to the conserving authorities.