「國民守法」對統治者而言，是政權安定的必備的要件。回顧日治時期的臺灣，日本以同化為統治方針，希望能將臺灣人同化為日本人，因此從語言教育著手，貫徹統治目的。《教育敕語》是明治維新以後，日本道德教育的最高指導原則，德目之一的「常重國憲而遵國法」，強調守法的意義及重要性，也是日本人規劃教育制度及課程時不可或缺的一大要點。 棒球被稱為我國的國球，這項在日治時期傳入的運動，在臺灣發展的過程中，深受日本東京第一高校棒球隊的武士道棒球精神影響，除了技術的精進，更強調心智的鍛鍊與養成。從歷史紀錄觀察，可以發現在訓練及比賽過程中，極度強調選手服從紀律，不管是在球場比賽時、訓練過程中或是日常生活。 同化的成效展現在學生棒球中，便是將要求國民守法的意識，建立在選手服從紀律上，統治者透過體育運動的訓練及教學，培養一個願意服從球隊紀律的選手，藉以塑造理想中的守法國民。

本篇論文重現日治時期大稻埕「江山樓」的昔日風華，透過江山樓的歷史過往、活動展演，逐步解讀江山樓以及江山樓的相關書寫，所代表的文學╱文化意涵。 第二章「江山樓昔日風華」，主要在彙整江山樓的背景資料，重塑江山樓當時的樣貌。透過對江山樓過往歷史與地理位置重建，以及江山樓舉辦的種種活動，瞭解江山樓對當時的指標性意義。並從江山樓歷代經營者的經營瞭解：江山樓在這些人經營下，與上層階級官紳、文人形成密集的交流網絡，而江山樓成為日治時期非常重要的聚會場所，也因其具有著多重吸引力，因此江山樓周邊的活動與娛樂餐飲等事業，皆圍繞著江山樓繁榮發展。 第三章「江山樓的消費空間」，本章主要分兩部分論述，一方面從江山樓空間最重要的消費行為－飲食、藝旦談起；另一方面由江山樓飲食、藝旦，而吸引的消費人口，讓江山樓成為重要的集會地，引領著當時的消費風潮論述。日治時期有句俗諺「登江山樓，吃臺灣菜」可見江山樓的盛名以及飲食吸引人之處，由江山樓的內部裝潢、飲食器具、菜單、還有外燴活動，論述江山樓的吸引人的飲食消費，也是江山樓受到矚目的重要原因。 第四章「江山樓的相關書寫」，江山樓的相關書寫當中，主要分為「日治時期」與「戰後迄今」兩部分論述，從日治時期的古典詩歌，有許多歌頌、描繪江山樓美好的部分，如景色、美人、醇酒，可探知江山樓為「製造歡樂的消費空間」；另一方面，從江山樓的聚會的心情書寫，可以了解江山樓相關書寫中呈現的文學╱文化意涵，尤其日人與臺人，在其人筆下的江山樓，透過文學創作，呈現出不同的面向與文化思考。從戰後迄今關於江山樓的民間傳說、口述資料以及現代文本中，尋找關於江山樓的創作，來探究新／舊文化對於江山樓意涵的書寫與再詮釋，其相同與相異之處，來討論江山樓庶民印象的演變與其代表意義。 第五章「結論」針對江山樓的的種種面貌，來比對出江山樓所代表的空間╱符號意涵；總結前文，指出本文研究的價值，及未來尚可開展之研究方向。 / This thesis re-presents the past glory of “Kang San Lau”in Dadauchen during the Japanese colonial era, interpreting Kang San Lau and its related writing and the literary/cultural meaning it represents through the historical past and development of events of Kang San Lau. The second chapter, “the Past and Present of Kang San Lau,”focuses on collecting background information concerning Kang San Lau, re-creating it at its time. Through re-constructing the past historical and geographical location of Kang San Lau, and a variety of activities held there, the contemporary significance of Kang San Lau can be understood. Furthermore, this chapter analyzes through the management of the past owners of Kang San Lau, its intensive social network with upper-class gentry and literati. Being an important place for gatherings during the Japanese colonization, its appeal is layered and the surrounding activities and entertainment prosper because of it. In the third chapter, “the Consumtion Space of Kang San Lau,” the discourse is two-parted: one deals with dining and Geishas, the most crucial consumption behavior of Kang San Lau, the other examines the consumtion population attracted by the dining and geishas of Kang San Lau, making it an important gather place, ushering the consumption trend at the time. During the Japanese colonization, there was a saying “Attend Kang San Lau and taste Taiwanese dishes,” which reveals through interrior decoration, utensils, menus, and catering events, the fame and popularity of Kan San Lau. The fourth chapter, “the Related Writing of Kang San Lau,”presents a two-sided discourse, one being the colonization, the other postwar till present. From classic poetry praising and describing the wonder of Kang San Lau such as its scenery, beauty, and wine, Kang San Lau as a “joy manufacturing consumption space”is explored. On the other hand, from the emotional writing of the gatherings at Kang San Lau, the literary/cultural meaning presented in the related writing of Kang San Lau is understood, especially among the Japanese and the Taiwanese. Postwar till the present, through folklore, verbal discourse, and modern documentation surrounding Kang San Lau, the similarities and differences between the discourse and interpretation of new/old cultural significance of Kang San Lau is processes. The fifth chapter, “Conclusion,” compares the spatial/signal meanings Kang San Lau represents under its layered façade. In conclusion, the value of this thesis is emphazied and a future direction for research is indicated.

臺灣之地籍圖，乃係承襲自1903年日治時期所測製完成而以人工方式謄繪的地籍副圖，經國民政府於1945年接收後，由本省各地政事務所延續使用迄今，其齡高達103歲，為我國現今以圖籍記錄人民財產權範圍的唯一原始依據。 / 但日治土地調查規則早於1898年7月的前清時期即已制定，而土地法及其施行法係國民政府在1936年3月訓政時期所令頒施行的產物，兩者法制規範相隔達40年之遙，何以在不同政體下各所依據之法理卻能取得一致？否則臺灣地籍圖依法即無立錐之地。由於歷史承接，混沌不明，以致成為謎樣的年代，相關研究普遍缺乏深入分析，本文為使原貌重現，填補歷史影像，故為論述傾注重心。 / 臺灣省行政長官公署在光復初期，認為：日治時期臺灣省地籍測量與地籍調查之程序與精度符合我國土地法規定，故免予重辦地籍測量，並以局部改正之「修補」方式替代「整理」地籍，一舉完成臺灣土地總登記。 / 事實上，透過我國土地法典分析，雖然日治地籍測量外觀上之「程序」符合土地法第44條之規定，但深入剖視後，其「實體」部分則完全無法見容於我國地籍測量法制規範，縱使1945年5月間存置於臺灣總督府之日治地籍原圖未遭炸燬滅失，仍不能治癒其在法制上之闕失病症。 / 臺灣光復後未及數載，圖籍病態逐漸接踵浮現，已難再掩飾其症，非重新「改測」無以回春。惟臺灣省政府自民國45年度起實施地籍圖修正測量至64年度止之試辦地籍圖重測，在長達二十年間的臺灣圖籍重建工作，竟係處於無法律明文依據之情況下所進行，除明顯未臻妥適之外，更不符「法律保留」原則。 / 迨1975年7月間修正土地法，增訂第46條之1、第46條之2、第46條之3等三個條文，始為臺灣地籍圖重測建構法制根基。但由於立法層面思慮不盡周全，形成重大缺漏，非僅未能有效釐整地籍，反因重測地籍調查指界衍生出更進一步的爭議。諸如：到場指界者顯然逾越至毗鄰未到場之土地所有權支配範圍、抑或毗鄰未登記土地時，剝奪私有地之指界權，但公有土地則自成免疫系統排除法規範約制、甚至限縮各土地共有人依法均得單獨指界之權利及義務、…等多項法制闕失，主管機關仍縱任三十年而未正視，與憲法保障人民財產權意旨似相背違。 / 由於臺灣省猶有高達400萬筆以上之土地，亟待實施地籍圖重測，仍須面對上述各項法律疑義癥結；因此，歸結本研究結果，提出改進方向及相關條文之修法建議，為未來地籍圖重測，尋覓出賡續發展之經營脈絡。 / The Taiwan Cadastral map adopts basically the code of Japanese statutes, which is a manually drawn copy of the cadastral map of a cadastral surveying project completed in 1903 under the Japanese statutes. Since the time it was received by the R.O.C. central government in 1945, it has been used by the various local offices of land administration ever since. It is 103 years old and is now the only original foundation being used as the map document recording the scope of people’s property right. / But the land survey regulations under the Japan statutes was enacted back in July 1898 during the period of the Ching Dynasty, while the land law and its implementation regulation were enacted in March 1936 during the period of political tutelage. There were 40 years between the times of enactment of the two laws, but how could the bases of law principles under different political entities be coinciding? Otherwise, the Taiwan Cadastral map would have no ground to stand. Because of the historical transitions, information and data are indefinite, which was a time of ambiguity. Besides, the related researches are generally lack of in-depth analyses. In order to reappear the original look and to supplement historical images, this writing places great emphases on the studies. / In the early stage of the retrocession, the administrative chief office of Taiwan province deemed that the procedure and accuracy of the Taiwan cadastral survey and cadastral investigation under the Japan statutes were in compliance with the regulations of our country’s land law. Therefore, a second cadastral survey was not needed, and took the way of partial “supplement” instead of “overhaul” of the land file, thus the general Taiwan land registration was completed with a single blow. / In fact, through an analysis of land law of this country, though the “procedure” of cadastral survey under the Japan statutes is in compliance with the regulation of article 44 of the land law; when it is paid an important examination, its “entity” is completely unacceptable to the regulations of our cadastral survey law. Although the original cadastral map of the Japan statutes placed in the Taiwan Viceroy office did not destroyed or damaged by the bombing in May 1945. it would not cure the diseases of the legal system. / In a few years after the Taiwan retrocession, the flaws of the land file began to emerge. It is impossible to cover any more the defects, and the only way to get its healthy condition back was a new “corrective survey.” However, the Taiwan Provincial Government implemented a trial new cadastral survey from 1956 to 1975 for a corrective survey. During the 20-year long Taiwan cadastral reconstruction operations, it was inappropriately conducted under a condition without a legal written basis, which is obviously improper and let alone the principle of “Gesetzesvorbehalt.” / It was not until July 1975 when the Land Law was amended with the addition of Article 46.1, Article 46.2, and Article 46.3, the reconstruction of Taiwan Cadastral map was established. Nevertheless, the considerable flaws were resulted due to the incomplete planning and research in the legislate area beforehand. Not only the operations of survey and reconstruction were not effectively performed, but also more controversial issues were produced. For instance, the present landmark indicator obviously goes beyond the boundary to the neighbor land ownership control scope of the absent one; or to deprive the landmark indicating right of private property while the neighbor scope is not property registered. On the contrary, the public property with what is called immune system, is free of the legal constraint of regulations and rules, and further to limit or minimize the legal rights and obligations of single landmark indicating of joint tenants, etc. Such numerous lawful defects are intentionally ignored by the responsible authorities for as long as thirty years, which is apparently against the purpose of protect the people’s property right of the Constitution. / There are more than 400 million land cases in Taiwan demanding a second cadastral survey, with the objective to resolve the above-mentioned crucial problems. To summarize the research result, a correct direction for future development and improvement, as well as some suggestions for amendment of related articles and clauses are consequently presented, with the objective to perform continuous advancement and operation of prospective cadastral survey.

本文研究日治時期鐵路、水利及電力等三大建設，透過文獻彙整分析，本文試圖瞭解日治時期三大建設資金籌措過程完整面貌，並討論三大建設所採取籌資方式是否符合財政理論。 綜合本文研究結果，發現以下三點： 一、臺灣縱貫鐵路是全由政府以發行事業公債方式籌措資金，發行公債，以維持稅率平滑，使超額負擔極小化，符合效率原則；建設性質屬資本支出，效益及於後代，以發行公債支應資本性支出，符合公平原則。 二、嘉南大圳建設具有外部性，基於外部利益內部化，由政府提供部分補助挹注非自償性建設經費；而部分建設經費由公共埤圳嘉南大圳組合以借款方式籌措資金，於建設完成後再向水利受益人收取水租，符合使用者付費原則。 三、日月潭水力發電廠是由政府投資四成股份，民間投資六成股份，成立民營的臺灣電力株式會社來籌措資金，因電力具有公共性，屬公用事業，應由政府投資部分股份；而電力具有排他性，交由民營會社來興建及營運，於建造完成供電時，再向使用者收取電費，符合享受利益者負擔費用的原則。 日治時期三大建設，融資方式各有不同，但實際籌資情況，尚符合財政理論。

1948年5月，上海舉辦第七屆全中國運動會，臺灣首次組隊參賽即一鳴驚人，榮獲男子田徑總冠軍，同時更展現守秩序、法紀律、團結合作、服從裁判的運動精神。不論場內的運動實力和場外的運動風範，皆被大會評為「全國第一」。究其因，實肇基於日本統治期間致力發展體育運動所展現的成果。事實上，臺灣在日本統治之前，近代式體育運動僅在西洋勢力所及的範圍內施行，成效自是相當有限，迨至日治時期，乃藉由學校教育與社會體育兩大方向，開始全面性、普遍地提倡體育運動而獲致相當程度的發展成果。值是之故，本論文主旨即在探討日本統治下的臺灣，究竟為何／如何發展體育運動，以及有何成效。 本文係以當時臺灣地區運動員的競賽為主，包含內地人(日本人)、本島人(臺灣人)以及高砂族(原住民)，因為此三種族群皆是當時臺灣運動代表隊的組成份子，以做為主要的論述對象更能得知當時臺灣體育運動的發展情況。在論文內容方面，首先，從近代西洋體育運動的興起與發展談起，隨著歐美列強國力的擴張將其科技文明與生活形態傳至亞洲，再至日本明治維新前後追求改善國民體格而向學習歐美體育運動，而臺灣即在此時代背景之下被納為日本殖民地。其次，探討日治時期各界人士對於體育運動所提出的觀念看法，以說明發展體育運動的動機與目的。再次，討論推行體育運動的主要機構，主要著眼於人事、經費以及如何運作等方面，以瞭解是由哪些人／在什麼樣的時代背景之下／如何從事體育運動的發展。第四、討論臺灣運動選手參加各項運動競賽的成績表現，主要以全島性比賽，以及與鄰近的朝鮮、滿洲、日本、菲律賓等地的比賽成績作較，可大致明瞭臺灣的運動技術水準。第五、分析社會領導階層人士所從事的休閒運動，以考察當時是哪些休閒運動最受是有錢有閒階級的喜愛，並從中討論體育運動的發展概況。 經由本文的討論發現，日治時期體育運動的發展係在官方強力主導、民間配合實施之下進行推廣。其次，臺灣的體育組織是日本帝國體育組織在殖民地的分支機構，臺灣全島性的運動比賽成為日本全國性比賽的地方預選賽，臺灣優秀的運動選手與隊伍在島內勝出者即成為地區性代表隊，順理成章前往日本參加更高層級的比賽。此外，體育是現代教育不可偏廢的項目，不僅能改善個人體格發育，也有助促進健康衛生；同時，體育並非僅是單純的身體運動而已，有時亦被視為國力的象徵，發展體育運動有助陶冶國民性格和促進日臺融合。最後，隨著日本統治的時間漸久以及統治程度的強化，臺灣體育運動呈現日漸普及的趨勢，而另一方面，則漸帶有濃厚的日本色彩，甚至許多日式運動術語發至今仍是使用中的辭彙即是明證。至於日治時期臺灣體育運動的成績表現究竟如何呢？整體而言，不僅與殖民母國日本仍然相去甚遠，即便連同為殖民地的朝鮮、滿洲、菲律賓等地亦有所不及。然而，雖然未見日治時期臺灣運動選手與中國正面交手的紀錄，但從1948年的上海全國運動會成績可推知，日治臺灣體育運動的整體水準，似乎不在同時期的中國之下。 關鍵字：日治時期 臺灣 體育史 體育觀 武德會 體育俱樂部 臺灣體育獎勵會 臺灣體育協會 明治神宮體育大會 甲子園 網球 棒球 田徑 游泳 登山 馬術 高爾夫 / In May 1948, the 7th China Sports Game was held in Shanghai. The athletic performance of male track and field athletes amazed the world by winning the overall championship though it was the debut of Taiwan in this athletic event. These male athletes disciplined themselves, obeyed the rules, cooperated with one another, obeyed the referees’ orders, and exhibited good sportsmanship. Both their athletic performance and sportsmanship on the sports field or beyond sports field were ranked as “national champion” by the sponsor. Their great performance actually was the achievement from the devotion to developing athletic sports during Japanese Occupation Period. In fact, before the colonization of Japan, modern athletic sports in Taiwan were only practiced in few regions where foreigners aggregated and the effect of athletic performance was quite limited. The overall promotion of athletic sports was put into practice through school education and social sports activities until the Japanese Occupation Period and so was the great performance achieved at that time. The main purpose of this study is to investigate why and how the Japanese developed athletic sports in Taiwan and the effects. The research subjects were mainly the athletes at that time in Taiwan, including the Japanese, the Taiwanese, and the aboriginals (indigenous people) since these three groups were all members of sports representatives in Taiwan at that time. These subjects were investigated to find out about the development of athletic sports in Taiwan at that time. Firstly, the study probed into the rise and the development of modern western athletic sports. With the expansion of national powers of European countries and the U.S., their science, technology, and life styles were spread to Asia. Moreover, after Meiji Restoration, the Japanese started to put emphasis on improving their physique and hence learnt the western athletic sports. And Taiwan was colonized by Japan under this background. Secondly, it investigated the concepts and viewpoints on athletic sports proposed from all walks of life during Japanese Occupation Period to demonstrate the motives and purposes of athletic sport development. Thirdly, it investigated the major facilities responsible for promoting athletic sports from the aspects of personnel matters, funds, and the operation methods to understand who were involved, how they developed athletic sports, and under what kind of background were athletic sports developed. Fourthly, it investigated the performance of athletes in each kind of sports games, especially national games. The study also compared the athletic performance of Taiwan with that of nearby countries such as Korea, Manjou, Japan, and Philippine to understand the athletic level of Taiwan. Fifthly, it analyzed the leisure sports that the leaders of the society engaged in to explore the preferences of leisure sports of the rich at that time and further investigate the profile of athletic sports development. This study found that the development of athletic sports in Taiwan during Japanese Occupation Period was dominated by the government with the cooperation of non-government in promotion. The sports organizations in Taiwan were the colonial branches of sports organizations in Japanese Empire and the national sports competitions in Taiwan became local preliminaries of Japanese national competitions. The outstanding athletes in Taiwan and the winners of local preliminaries would become the local sports representatives to participate in competitions of higher level in Japan. In addition, the study found that physical education is indispensable in modern education, which not only improves the physical development of individuals but also improves health. Meanwhile, athletic sports ability not simply teaches a kind of physical movement and it is sometimes viewed as a symbol of national powers. The development of athletic sports helped cultivate the personality of people and improved the integration ethnic integration between Taiwan and Japan. With the increase of colonization time and the reinforcement of governance, the athletic sports in Taiwan gradually became more and more popular. On the other hand, it was found that the sports activities in Taiwan was greatly influenced by Japan and even the Japanese sports vocabularies are still used now in sports activities. As for the athletic performance of Taiwan during Japanese Occupation Period, as a whole, the athletic performance of Taiwan was better than Japan and other colonies of Japan, such as Korea, Manjou, and Philippine. Although the athletes in Taiwan during Japanese Occupation Period did not compete with the athletes of China, it could be inferred from their athletic performance that the overall level of athletic sports in Taiwan during Japanese Occupation Period was equivalent to that of China. Keywords: Japanese Occupation Period, Taiwan, sports history, viewpoint of sports, Dai-Nippon Butokukai, sports club, Taiwan sports sponsorship association, Taiwan sports association, Meigi-jingu Athletic Meet, Koshien, tennis, baseball, track and field, swimming, mountain climbing, equestrian, golf