本論文屬於國族建構的個案研究，探討19世紀烏克蘭的民族運動發展歷程。由歷史意識的關切出發，採用捷克歷史社會學家赫洛荷的民族運動理論作為分析架構，鋪陳出歷史、文化與政治的三階段發展歷程。在內容論述上，挑選12位最具代表性的烏克蘭知識份子，以列傳形式帶出19世紀烏克蘭民族運動的發展歷程。同時輔以知識分子的文本，以分析19世紀以來烏克蘭國族意識的興起與開展、及其對今日烏克蘭社會的影響。 本論文除緒論與結論外，共分為四個部分。首先，由歷史溯源，爬梳9世紀基輔羅斯以來的烏克蘭歷史，找尋烏克蘭國族的根源；其次，進入烏克蘭國族意識的萌芽階段，探討烏克蘭人如何透過傳統的發明與歷史的詮釋，創建出想像中的共同體價值；再次，隨著國族意識與民族運動逐漸開展，具規模性的文化活動與團體組織，亦不斷深化烏克蘭民族存在的正當性；復次，民族運動來到政治動員與國家構築階段，創建實體的政治黨派與政府，不但是凝聚烏克蘭國族的必要手段，更成為完成國族建構的必經之路。結論針對問題的緣起做出回應，並反思19世紀以來的國族運動經驗對照今日的烏克蘭國族認同問題。 / This thesis provides a case study of nation-building. Initiated by the concern of historical consciousness, it aims at analyzing the developing process of Ukrainian national movement in the 19th century. Applying the theoretical framework by Czech historian/sociologist Miroslav Hroch, it divides the national movement course into 3 phases (i.e. historical, cultural and political). Furthermore, biographical ketches contribute to a holistic analysis of the 19th century Ukrainian national movement as a whole. This study is divided into four parts. First, it traces back to the historical root of Ukrainian nation from the time of Kyivan Rus’. Second, it investigates how Ukrainians created the imagined community by inventing a common tradition and re-interpreting the history. Third, as the national consciousness grows, cultural and organizational activities contribute to strengthen the Ukrainian national idea in the mid-19th century. Fourth, political means such as regime establishment was employed by the eve of the Revolutionary times. In conclusion, it proposes feedbacks and reflections to re-consider the national identity problem in today’s Ukraine.

本文旨在研究英國殖民統治下的尼亞薩蘭獨立建國之經緯，並析論影響馬拉威政治發 展之內外因素為何。各章大要如次： 第一章「導論」，簡敘地理環境，歷史和社會背景。 第二章「尼亞薩蘭時期之殖民統治」，述敘歐人入侵始末，白人統治特色，土著抗議 開始與試圖爭取少數統治。 第三章「初期民族主義運動的源起」，說明非洲自願協會與分離教會功能，城市工業 化與土著暴動，民族政治運動的形式。 第四章「主權對抗合夥：聯邦之戰」，論述 Victoria Falls 會議，羅尼聯邦的成立 背景。SARAN 的夢魘與羅尼聯邦的解體因素。 第五章「馬拉威共和國的建立與政治發展」討論NAC/MCP 政黨發展，一九六四年內閣 危機的起因與涵義，班達執政與其發展政策，對話政策與南進發展。 第六章「結論」作為本文的總結，論述馬拉威共和國如何解決其獨立後所面臨的內外 問題，並指出獨立後應遵循的途徑。

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間・環境学) / 甲第19941号 / 人博第793号 / 新制||人||191(附属図書館) / 28||人博||793(吉田南総合図書館) / 33027 / 京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科共生文明学専攻 / (主査)教授 大川 勇, 教授 前川 玲子, 教授 細見 和之 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human and Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DGAM

本論文的研究為文學史，藉由紐西蘭毛利民族文學史與台灣原住民族文學史作為比較。法國文學家泰納指出，文學的產生均有其時代與社會的背景，文學史即是實證主義方法。本論文以「全貌觀」的視角，將民族運動作為時間軸，先探討兩民族社會脈絡，再研討文學史的發展。 兩民族歷經同化政策，曾發展民族意識未覺醒的民族文學。民族運動時期，毛利民族訴求土地、自然資源及語言。台灣原住民族則身處戒嚴，因此探究的議題即是民族的生存權益。民族運動後，紐國經濟不景氣及毛利民族的補助聲浪，於是發展「反省」文學。而台灣原住民族諸多議題已階段性達成，湧現一批返鄉熱潮，分別有族語及政論創作。 台灣戒嚴看似延宕民族權益的發展，然而實際上台灣原住民族的民族邊界比毛利民族來的清晰。毛利民族比台灣原住民族早於一百餘年歷經同化政策，並發展「認同論」的民族認定。再者，毛利民族語言及部落經驗急速消逝，文學也發展「內部」的創作議題。雖然毛利民族運動走在前端，但是伴隨都市化及疏離其民族文化，驅使毛利民族成為民族性質薄弱的「概念民族」。唯有回到穩定及具有內聚力量的民族語言，才有辦法在時間洪流裡體現民族的主體性。目前，台灣原住民族尚未走到紐國的經驗。但倘若持續未意識到民族語言的重要性，極有可能步上毛利民族的經驗。 / The aim of the thesis, The Development of Ethnicity and its History of Literature: A Comparison of New Zealand Māori People and Taiwan Indigenous Peoples, is to compare the ethnic developments of the New Zealand Maori and Taiwan’s indigenous peoples, and further characterize the history of their literature. Before the New Southbound Policy, researchers have been devoted to contributing abundant Maori research. However, many of them only chose a certain topic to write about, ignoring other perspectives or orientations, which only revealed the tip of the iceberg. For this reason, the thesis ascertained other aspects with a holistic approach. Several similarities exist between the Maori and Taiwan’s indigenous peoples: both were Austronesian peoples, and share similar languages and cultures. In addition, they both undergone colonization and launched ethnic movements to regain their rights. The thesis is divided into three periods, which are before the ethnic movement, during the ethnic movement, and after the ethnic movement. Each chapter demonstrates its social context and the significant ethnic writers at that time. The thesis first illustrates Maori and Taiwan indigenous peoples’ unawakened ethnic consciousness through their literary writings. During the ethnic movement, both ethnic groups launched the ethnic movement and published their political perspectives during political and economic instability. Afterwards, the Maori and Taiwan’s indigenous peoples share different values in accordance with different social context after their respective ethnic movement. Finally, the thesis examines their social contexts and their literature through three aspects of ethnic literature, which are identity, language, and theme. The thesis is composed of seven chapters. The introduction reviews the purpose of the study, its motivation, and the background. Chapter 1 and Chapter 2 provide an overview of ethnic certification, the status of ethnic language, and the distribution of Maori and Taiwan’s indigenous peoples. Chapter 3 and Chapter 4 depicts Maori and Taiwan indigenous peoples’ social contexts and literature respectively. By comparing both ethnic groups, Chapter 5 shows their similarities and differences. Conclusions are drawn in Chapter 7. The conclusion offer incentives and disincentives from the Maori’s experience, which could be the inspiration for Taiwan’s indigenous peoples.

as English abstract / Oppressed by the severe surveillance of the Japanese police in Taiwan, short-lived Taiwanese Communist Party (TCP) (1928-1931) marked a significant step in the Taiwan’s anti-Japanese movement and social thought. The TCP was the first political organization in Taiwan to put forward the slogan of Taiwan’s independence. Following the Comintern’s activation in the East in 1920s, the first contacts between the Taiwan’s leftists and the Comintern representatives took place in early 1920s. Starting from 1927, the Comintern pursued the policy of activation of the communist movement in the colonies and establishment of communist parties in these countries. Established on the Comintern directive in Shanghai with the help of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and being subordinated to the Japanese Communist Party (JCP), the TCP was developing quite independently under the leadership of Xie Xuehong and in the close alliance with the Taiwan Cultural Association and the Taiwan Peasants Union, until the end of 1930 when the TCP established a contact with the Far Eastern Bureau (FEB) of the Comintern through the TCP Shanghai representative, Weng Zesheng, who served as liaison with the Comintern. As the result, the Comintern activated its work toward Taiwan, started dispatching emissaries to Taiwan who in the framework of the Comintern’s rhetoric of that time promoted the Party’s reform to eliminate the “opportunistic errors”. The activation of the Party’s work followed, the Union for Reorganization was established. The Comintern did not have chance to adjust the activity of the reformed TCP as within few months after the beginning of actual interaction between the Comintern and the TCP, the TCP was destroyed by arrests. The thesis is devoted to the Comintern’s role in the TCP’s establishment, development, reform, establishment of the Union for Reorganization, the Party’s activation and destruction. The research is based on the TCP files deposited in the former archive of the Comintern. The documents include the correspondence of the representative of the TCP, Weng Zesheng, with the Comintern FEB. The correspondence between Weng Zesheng and the FEB sheds light on the inner-party processes in the TCP, clarifies the essence of the inner-party struggle and reform, and explores the role of personal relations in the inner-party struggle which resulted in the UFR establishment without direct involvement of the Comintern. The available now text of the consultations of Weng Zesheng with the CCP representative Qu Qiubai makes it possible to clarify the CCP’s involvement in the TCP’s development and reform and to conclude as to whose directive it was to commence the struggle against Xie Xuehong. The TCP’s history was short but very intensive. Abandoned by its superior, the JCP, and not having relations with the international communist leadership, the TCP suffered lack of the financial and ideological support, and was left for the mercy of unpredictable fate of the exhausting inner factional struggle, still was able to survive under the “white terror” until the Party’s reorganization in 1931. According to the research results, the TCP inner-party struggles during 1928-1931 were in fact the result of resistance to emigrant party groupings who were attempting to take control over the TCP’s Taiwan based Party organization. Neither the JCP and the CCP, nor the Comintern had a real opportunity to influence the activities of the Taiwan-based communists. Taiwan’s communists overseas used the Comintern’s rhetoric and their contacts with the Comintern and the CCP to promote their agenda in the inner-party struggle. The implementation of the plans of Weng Zesheng and the opponents of Xie Xuehong in Taiwan on the Party’s reform and activation led to the Party’s destruction by the Japanese administration.