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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

智慧財產權證券化之研究

馮浩庭, Feng, Hau Ting Unknown Date (has links)
從智慧財產權的加值過程觀之,可以分為創造、保護、管理與運用四個階段,其中運用為發揮智財權附加價值的唯一手段。因此,如何為智財權尋求新的運用管道應是智財權利人與政府最須關心的議題。參考國外經驗,現今智財權運用的策略與模式已相當多元,除了運用於企業經營以發揮其策略性營運價值外,近年來亦興起以智財權進行擔保交易之趨勢,藉此開創智財權的財務價值。 而在擔保交易中,智財權除可進行融資擔保,以實現其擔保價值外,於1997年知名歌手David Bowie以其音樂著作權為證券化資產,成功發行Bowie Bonds後,亦證明以智財權進行證券化交易的可行性,使得證券化成為另一股智財權運用的新趨勢。而孕育Bowie Bonds誕生的美國,也成為智財權證券化的始祖與交易數量最多的市場。 透過證券化技術之橋接,擁有智財權的企業或個人將可藉此與資本市場產生新的連結,為其提供傳統銀行貸款外的新融資管道,增加智財權的價值。本研究之目的即在於瞭解美國智財權證券化之發展經驗,藉由實際案例之介紹,研究其運作模式與困難、未來前景,提供各界參考,並分析在我國推動智財權證券化的可行性。 研究結果發現符合一定條件的智財權,不論是專利權、商標權、音樂著作權或是電影著作權均可以進行證券化,且在交易架構上,智財權證券化完全可以運用發展已相當成熟的證券化技術,且未超脫此架構。其仍由智財權利人將欲進行證券化的智財權及相關權益以真實買賣的方式移轉給特殊目的機構,於架構所需的信用增強機制後,發行經信用評等機構評等的證券,在證券承銷商的協助下銷售給投資人。其所運用的信用增強方式包括超額擔保、儲備基金帳戶、信用分組、第三人保險或保證、於循環期內新購資產及設定提前清償機制等等,均為傳統證券化交易中常見者。而這些交易的共通點是其證券均經信用評等,且均以私募方式進行銷售,而不採公開發行。 此外,美國市場經過多年發展,可以觀察到四點有利智財權證券化發展的趨勢:一、鑑價技術進步與重視創新管理,帶動市場發展。二、以資產組合的方式進行證券化。三、證券化擴張到新種類的智財權。四、取得專家協助容易。且許多證券業的專家相信,因為智財權將成為全世界大部分收益與現金流量的來源,且證券化交易對買賣雙方都有好處,其未來將會成為最大的證券化資產種類。 然而,因為智財權的特性與固有的價值影響因素,增加其進行證券化的困難度與複雜性。此外,基於外在配套機制、產業環境與企業文化等種種因素,智財權證券化的發展面臨以下難題,包括智財鑑價技術未成熟、智財侵權普遍(特別是影音盜版、電腦軟體盜版與商標仿冒)、因智財權複雜性與高風險所導致的高交易成本、智財權擔保法制不完整、現有授權契約支付結構不利證券化、組織與需求問題、欠缺次級市場、投資人對智財權不熟悉及破產風險不易隔離等。 就我國方面,筆者認為似可以適用金融資產證券化條例之規定,進行智財權權利金收益之證券化。此外,在我國要以智財權本身進行證券化,似也可行。依信託業法第十六條之規定,信託業可經營金錢債權及專利權、著作權及商標權之信託。故智財權利人可以依該法之規定將智財權本身連同其相關權利金收益一併信託給信託業者,由其發行表彰受益權之憑證,進行證券化。但除非該證券另經財政部核定為證券交易法第六條第一項之其他有價證券,該證券將不適用證券交易法之規定,故其性質應屬民法第七百十九條所規定之無記名證券。 再者,因在我國民法下尚不承認『尚未產生債權』之讓與,故無法如美國進行『尚未產生的未來現金流量』的智財權證券化交易,只能以既有授權契約下的權利金收益為之。此外,依我國法院對將來債權轉讓,以該債權發生時為讓與生效時點之見解,似無法隔離創始機構的破產風險。且在我國破產法下,破產管理人原則上也有承擔或拒絕授權契約的權利,但該法未如美國『智慧財產破產保護法案』般,賦予被授權人選擇保留授權契約之權利而須繼續支付權利金,故當破產管理人拒絕該授權契約時,對證券化交易之衝擊並無挽救之道。 而在智財權擔保權益上,專利權與商標權雖已有登記對抗之公示機制,但筆者認為仍有缺憾。更嚴重者為著作財產權設定質權及讓與均不須經登記,且因著作權為無體財產,若無任何公示機制,對於交易安全之維護實屬有害,亦不利著作權證券化之進行。 也許有人會質疑,我國連不動產與金融資產證券化的發展均未成熟,現在就要談發展智慧財產證券化似嫌過早。然而,美國已有不少成功案例證實其可行性,且日本於2002年底通過《智慧財產權基本法》,確立以智慧財產權立國的國家戰略後,對智慧財產權證券化之研究也日益蓬勃。因此,筆者認為為增加發揮智慧財產權附加價值之管道,讓權利人更能從智慧財產權中獲益,即使我國資產證券化之市場仍屬初期發展階段,政府仍須認真思考此議題,進而考慮儘速推動基礎法制及相關配套措施,並解決前述的法制問題,以期建構有利發展智慧財產權證券化之環境,方不致在此新領域上落後美國與日本太多。此外,若能成功推展此種新興的金融商品,相信對我國金融市場的效率提昇與國際知名度亦有助益。 基此,筆者分就智財權利人與我國政府兩個面項,提出十二點有利智財權證券化發展之建議,作為本研究之最終成果。 壹、對智財權利人的建議 一、做好智財管理,創造優質權利。 二、管理授權契約,設計支付架構。 三、事先安排智財權清算機制。 四、善用信用分組,吸引不同偏好的投資人。 五、由智財技術服務業者擔任服務機構,以增加專業性,並降低破產風險。 貳、對我國政府的建議 一、增加金融資產證券化條例適用之資產種類。 二、承認尚未存在之將來債權讓與交易。 三、修改破產法,增定真實買賣安全港與被授權人選擇權。 四、修改智財權法交易登記規定,包括增設著作權交易登記制度,及將登記對抗改為登記生效要件。 五、建立智財權鑑價市場秩序,提高鑑價結果可信度。 六、建立信用保證機制。 七、建立資產證券化資產公告之查詢系統。
12

建立金融集團預警系統之研究

胡心慈, Hu, Hsin-Tzu Unknown Date (has links)
自1980年代各國推行金融自由化後,為穩定金融秩序,建立風險導向金融監理制度更顯重要。一般來說,金融監理工具可分為實地檢查及場外監控兩種,過去以行業別進行之監理,在金融控股公司的發展下,亦發展出對應之監控機制,然而僅止於實地檢查機制,以金融集團為預警對象之場外監控預警系統仍有待建立。 本研究遂在探討如何建立適合我國之以金融集團為預警對象的場外監控預警系統,挑選2003、2004年兩年之本國銀行、票券、證券、壽險、產險公司財務業務比率為樣本,以區別分析法建立預警模型,再以各金融控股公司之子產業公司結果建立各年度金融控股公司之預警模型。 本研究僅嘗試以財務比率建立量化場外監控預警模型,研究結果僅供學術上研究參考,並非運用於真實狀況之評斷,因此,依研究結果提出之結論及建議,僅供參考。此外,(1)模型並未加入質化指標,(2)資料有限的情況下,亦無做樣本外測試,(3)無實際破產金融機構資料,僅能以模擬方法分類,皆是本研究不足之處,仍須修正及改進。
13

台灣產險業特別準備金與盈餘關係之探討

沈美岑 Unknown Date (has links)
有鑑於產險業特別準備金制度爭議已久,應於何時提存或收回似乎已成了保險業界與保險司之間的角力賽。本研究採用傳統精算中破產理論(Ruin Theory)的概念,並觀察火災保險、貨物運輸保險、漁船保險與任意汽車保險等四個不同損失分配的險別進行蒙地卡羅模擬(Monte Carlo Simulation),得出各個險種最適的特別準備金提存率。本文使人更容易了解因各險種具備的特性不同,在相同的破產機率水準下,會因為危險程度不同以及自留保費收入相對於自留賠款間的關係,間接影響到最適特別準備金的提存額度。   本研究的實證模擬分析結果發現:整體而言,目前產險業應提存的特別準備金總額大致上已充足,但是,若以各險別應提列的特別準備金額度而言,任意汽車保險有滯留過多的情形,而漁船保險則明顯地不充足,因此,目前應重新估算各險別應提存的特別準備金,暫時以各險可「相互浥注」的概念,使各險種調整至適當的比率,一併轉入「淨值」項下的「特別公積」科目,而「負債」項所剩餘的「特別準備金」餘額應逐年攤銷;建議今後特別準備金必須以「差額補足法」的會計處理方式,並按各個險種「專款專用」為原則。 / Much debate has devoted about the issue of the contingency reserve in property insurance companies in Taiwan over the past decades and how to calculate the appropriate amount of the reserve has become a perplexing problem between insurance companies and regulators. This paper conducts the Ruin Theory and comes up with the optimal model for calculating the contingency reserve. By using Monte Carlo Simulation method, we collect four different lines data in Fire, Marine cargo. Fishing vessel and Motor insurance to calculate the optimal contingency reserve ratio in each line. In addition, we examine the effect of different contingency reserve systems on insurance company's financial statements. Our results imply that owing to the different loss distribution in each line, the different level of risk and the ratio of retention premium to retention claim will indirectly affect the optimal contingency reserve under the identical ruin probability level.   Our findings indicate that the overall contingency reserve of property insurance company is sufficient at present, but the amount is not sufficient for each line. For example, the reserve in motor insurance is over-reserved while that in fishing vessel insurance is not adequate. We, therefore; suggest that the contingency reserve should be re-estimated by each line. At present, we suggest to use the "inter-line-compensation" principle to make up the insufficient reserve for different line. However, the contingency reserve should be credited as "special fund" of Surplus when the reserve in each line is at the adequate level and the over-reserved amount of "special claim's reserve" should be amortized year by year. Moreover, We suggest to applying the "marginal contribution" method for calculating contingency reserve and establish an individual account for the contingency reserve for each line.
14

動態規劃數值解 :退休後資產配置 / Dynamic programming numerical solution: post retirement asset allocation

蔡明諺, Tsai, Ming Yen Unknown Date (has links)
動態規劃的問題並不一定都存在封閉解(closed form solution),即使存在,其過程往往也相當繁雜。本研究擬以 Gerrard & Haberman (2004) 的模型為基礎,並使用逼近動態規劃理論解的數值方法來求解,此方法參考自黃迪揚(2009),其研究探討在有無封閉解的動態規劃下,使用此數值方法求解可以得到 逼近解。本篇嘗試延伸其方法,針對不同類型的限制,做更多不同的變化。Gerrard & Haberman (2004)推導出退休後投資於風險性資產與無風險性資產之最適投資策略封閉解, 本研究欲將模型投資之兩資產衍生至三資產,分別投資在高風險資產、中風險資產與無風險資產,實際市場狀況下禁止買空賣空的情況與風險趨避程度限制資產投資比例所造成的影響。並探討兩資產與三資產下的投資結果,並加入不同的目標函數:使用控制變異數的限制式來降低破產機率、控制帳戶差異部位讓投資更具效率性。雖然加入這些限制式會導致目標函 數過於複雜,但是用此數值方法還是可以得出逼近解。 / Dynamic Programming’s solution is not always a closed form. If it do exist, the solution of progress may be too complicated. Our research is based on the investing model in Gerrard & Haberman (2004), using the numerical solution by Huang (2009) to solve the dynamic programming problem. In his research, he found out that whether dynamic programming problem has the closed form, using the numerical solution to solve the problems, which could get similar result. So in our research, we try to use this solution to solve more complicate problems. Gerrard & Haberman (2004) derived the closed form solution of optimal investing strategy in post retirement investment plan, investing in risky asset and riskless asset. In this research we try to invest in three assets, investing in high risk asset, middle risk asset and riskless asset. Forbidden short buying and short selling, how risk attitude affect investment behavior in risky asset and riskless asset. We also observe the numerical result of 2 asset and 3 asset, using different objective functions : using variance control to avoid ruin risk, consideration the distance between objective account and actual account to improve investment effective. Although using these restricts may increase the complication of objective functions, but we can use this numerical solution to get the approximating solution.
15

公司投資理財決策理論 / The Theory of Financial and Investment Decision

李宗培 Unknown Date (has links)
本文建立一公司稅、累進個人稅、非債稅盾和破產可能之不確定經濟模型,探討公司的投資理財決策行為。和以前文獻最大的不同點,在於公司風險債利率水準明顯且完全的內生化處理,此內生化利率不僅受公司舉債額度的財務決策影響,也會反應公司現行投資或資本存量的實質決策,模型中的財務和實質決策具有完全互動之特性。 累進個人稅下,只要存在一組投資人間的邊際稅率結構,能排除套稅資產配置,則市場無套稅價格和競爭均衡便存在。此一結果,使本文模型中的資產評價得以建立於競爭財務市場均衡的基礎。市場均衡下,公司債利率會隨公司舉債額度而同向、投資額度而反向調整,此時股東與債權人間的代理成本問題完全消失、市場具有公平保護債權人的機能。如果公司債利率外生而無法依市場均衡評價,則由於代理成本問題存在,使公司最適投資相對低於、舉債額度則高於利率內生之最適水準。另外,傳統一些稅制分析法的資本結構決定理論,只是本文之特例。 稅盾變化,如投資減免率或定額減免等,對公司最適投資和舉債的影響,除以前文獻之結果外,還包含一利率回饋效果,後者可能改變以前文獻之結論。例如,本文發現獎勵投資之折舊率或投資扣抵的政策美意,可能反而造成抑制投資的結果,本文這部分之結論,或可提供有關公司資本結構決定之實證研究新的詮釋,另外在稅制設計上亦具政策上的含意。
16

財務比率之一般應用及其預測功能之研究

卓傳陣, Zhuo, Zhuan-Zhen Unknown Date (has links)
第一章說明本研究之目的、研究範圍與限制、研究方法並扼要說明論文各章節彙要。 第二章財務報表分析與財務比率:(一)財務報表分析之意義及功能:報表分析乃是 將所應用之分析工具資訊。其功能可就內部與外部分論之。(二)說明報表分析種類 與常見之分析工具(三)分析工具之一──財務比率之發展歷史之介紹(四)探討財 務比率分析之特性。 第三章財務比率之類型:就財務比率分析之目的,將其分為四類型:(一)安全性評 估之比率(二)衡量獲利能力之比率(三)測驗財務槓桿之比率(四)衡量經營成效 之比率。並各就其常見且具重要性之比率分別探討其意義。 第四章財務比率之應用:先就如何有效應用財務比率,探討分析的原則與可能的問題 ,並就比率之實際應用,分管理階層、投資者、債權人等說明之。 第五章財務比率與預測功能:(一)說明財務比率曾應用於企業預測之種類並將重點 置於企業破產預測之功能上(二)探討破產企業其財比率可能具有之特性(三)相關 學者之實證研究介紹與討論。第六章結論與建議。
17

跨國破產事件之爭議問題探討—以店頭衍生性金融交易市場及其案例為探討中心 / A study on legal issues regarding cross-border insolvency cases : focus on over-the-counter derivatives markets and the relevant cases

張家欣, Chang, Chia-hsin Unknown Date (has links)
在金融市場國際化之趨勢下,各國金融交易參與者極可能受到跨國破產事件的影響。同時,受到金融創新潮流的驅使,非傳統金融工具的商業活動亦構成金融市場重要環節之一,從而探討破產法制對於非傳統金融交易契約之處理方式,實有其重要性。本文以店頭衍生性金融交易市場以及所選取案例為中心,探討跨國破產事件相關議題,包括破產法制對於店頭衍生性金融交易所給予的特殊規定(或在破產法制下承認提前終止與淨額結算條款之效力,以下均統稱為「破產法特殊規定」),以及相關跨國破產事件之可能處理模式或合作途徑。 本文以國內外學術文獻、法院見解之整理為基礎,進行法學分析,並輔以金融實務觀點進行研究,於各相關部分同時探討我國法制。本文分為七章,內容簡介如後。 首先,於第一章說明研究動機、目的、研究方法與架構,同時也限定研究範圍。又因跨國破產事件具多樣性與複雜性,為使本文討論範圍明確與聚焦,故於第二章先行提出具體跨國破產事件之美國與英國案例及其爭議問題,並以其做為本文探討中心與範圍,探討內容即包含破產法制涉及店頭衍生性金融交易之規範實體面議題,以及跨國破產事件處理方式之程序面議題。後續章節將陸續探討上開問題。 第三章簡介店頭衍生性金融交易,以及說明其常見契約結構、相關法律問題。本章同時介紹「單一主契約模式」與「提前終止與淨額結算條款」之概念,學者及實務工作者有謂上開契約條款之功能,包含避免於破產程序中破產管理人選擇性履行或拒絕契約、降低交易對手信用風險、提升未違約方之再避險可能性、減少銀行業之資本計提成本、降低系統性風險等,而其中最具爭議性的降低系統性風險功能,也是目前全球多國破產法制承認提前終止與淨額結算條款具有效性的重要理由之一。本章著重於顯示店頭衍生性金融交易之當事人約定事項與破產法制間之關聯性,此屬於破產法制之規範實體面議題,以便於次一章接續介紹外國破產法制之相關具體內容。本章內容與後續各章均有密切關聯,故有說明之必要。 第四章先說明破產法制之一般原則,再分別於美國、英國、歐盟、日本、以及我國法制下,觀察破產法制對於店頭衍生性金融交易之例外規定(或在破產法制下承認提前終止與淨額結算條款之效力),著重於說明破產法制立法或承認「提前終止與淨額結算條款」效力之現況,並參考外國文獻探討其立法理由是否具有充足正當性,以及其規定是否有修訂或調整之必要。相對於第三章彙整學說及實務觀點以說明「提前終止與淨額結算條款」之功能,本章則援引外國文獻對破產法制立法或承認「提前終止與淨額結算條款」效力之批評,並做出該條款效力於破產法制中至少應調整為受有一定限制之結論,也就是訂有交易提前終止權之暫時凍結期間、於具系統重要性金融機構清理程序中適用股東與債權人共同承擔損失機制、交易雙方善意無偏頗等,以及在我國法制下亦宜採取同等看法。本章最後分析本文第二章案例在破產法制下之實體面問題,同時也藉此試行探討「提前終止與淨額結算條款」在破產法制下的效力範圍以及第二章案例合成型債務抵押債券交易中有關「序位轉換條款」之效力爭議。本文認為美國破產法院、英國法院係分別各自依其破產法制與公共政策對「序位轉換條款」做出效力判斷,各具實體理由;以及「序位轉換條款」在我國法制下應屬有效。 第五章在本論文題旨範圍內,先說明2007年-2009年金融危機後,二十國集團(G20)所提出的國際性指導建議,之後擇要介紹美國與歐盟依循上開建議,對於店頭衍生性金融交易市場所採行的金融改革法規,包含(但不限於)交易執行平台、集中清算、交易資料之申報、對未集中清算交易加強徵提擔保品等管理措施;此外,在跨國交易監理層面上,簡要介紹替代遵循之概念。本章並說明以上規範與跨國破產事件之關係。本章在整體研究架構上的功能有二,一方面是做為第四章破產法規範實體面議題與第六章跨國破產法制程序面議題之連結,也就是觀察美國及歐盟金融改革法令對第四章所述破產法特殊規定之影響,以及金融改革法案所對應第六章目前國際金融市場之實務發展趨勢以及特殊清理架構下之相關規定。另一方面,相對於第六章係探討發生跨國破產事件時之程序處理模式,第五章則是從破產事件發生前之前階段觀察,藉由事前建構市場監理措施及規劃,以期促進跨國破產事件發生時之處理效能。 第六章探討跨國破產事件處理方式之程序面議題。先敘明跨國破產立法所採行的基礎原則理論,包含普及原則、屬地原則、修正式普及原則、現代化屬地原則;同時簡要介紹相關跨國破產法制。繼而說明金融穩定理事會 (FSB)相關建議,以及觀察近期國際金融實務發展。之後,綜結第四章至第六章之內容,按跨國破產事件之實體面議題與程序面議題,對於涉及店頭衍生性金融交易之跨國破產事件,說明本文在相關立法論或處理合作模式層面上所採取之立場。最末,分析本文第二章案例之程序處理問題。 最後,第七章就本論文探討範圍以及第二章所提出之問題,進行總結論,並試行對我國金融市場參與者提出相關建議。 / Abstract Due to globalization of financial markets, it is hard for market participants to avoid the impact arises from cross-border insolvency events. With the trend of financial innovation, non-traditional financial instruments become an important role in financial markets, and it’s necessary to understand the treatment of these instruments under insolvency law systems. This thesis discusses specific legal issues with regard to cross-border insolvency events in over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives financial markets with focus on the relevant cases selected, including the special treatment of OTC derivatives under insolvency law systems and the potential procedures or coordinate ways to deal with the cases. Based on and reference to research of academic papers and court decisions, this thesis discusses issues through legal analysis supplemented with views of financial practice. The relevant parts are also discussed under Taiwan’s law system. This thesis proceeds in 7 chapters briefly described as follows. Chapter 1 explains the objective, purpose, and fundamental structure together with the method used of this thesis. Assumptions and Confines of this thesis are also described in this chapter. Given diversity and complexity of cross-border insolvency events, Chapter 2 attempts to present actual cases for discussion in order to providing the scope and focuses of this thesis. Key finding of the presented cases includes substantive legal issues of insolvency laws applied to OTC derivatives transactions and procedural legal issues of dealing with cross-border insolvency events. Matters aforementioned will be addressed in further chapters. Chapter 3 describes the basic understanding of OTC derivatives and the legal elements of participants’ transaction contracts in market practice. This chapter also describes the concepts of “the single agreement approach” and “close-out netting provisions”. As academic opinions and practical views mentioned, close-out netting provisions encompass the functions of eliminating the risk of “cherry-picking” by a liquidator in the insolvency proceeding, minimizing counterparty credit risk by calculating exposures on a net basis, promoting the possibility of re-hedging transactions, applying lower capital requirements by regulators to refer to netted transactions for bank industry, and reducing systemic risk in the financial system. Insolvency law systems which allow the effectiveness of close-out netting provisions heavily rationalize the legislation as being founded on preventing the threat of systemic risk. While some academic papers argue that the rationalization on the basis of reducing systemic risk is unconvincing or unnecessary for reasons. Chapter 3 primarily concerns the connections between OTC derivatives contracts and insolvency law systems, in the dimension of substantive legal issues. What addressed in this chapter is highly connected with the subsequent chapters. Chapter 4 describes the general principles of insolvency laws at first, and then observes the exclusions of OTC derivatives transactions under insolvency law systems of U.S., UK, EU, Japan and Taiwan respectively, focusing on issues respecting of validity and enforceability of close-out netting provisions. Compared with Chapter 3 which describes the functions of close-out netting stated by advocators, this chapter illustrates challenges or arguments posed by academic papers with different views. Reference to the relevant academic opinions, this thesis considers that the effectiveness of close-out netting provisions shall, at least, be subject to restrictions to a reasonable extent, such as temporary stays on early termination rights as well as on enforcement rights of security interests, application of the bail-in tool in SIFIs’ resolution procedures, and each party’s good faith. The aforesaid views are also proposed to be referenced by Taiwan’s law regime in the future. In the end of this chapter, it analyzes the cases presented in Chapter 2 within the scope of substantive issues of insolvency laws, and concludes that both U.S. bankruptcy court’s ruling and UK courts’ decisions on the flip clause embedded in CDO instruments are correct respectively pursuant to their own insolvency laws and public policies. In addition, this thesis is in the opinion that the flip clause shall be effective under Taiwan’s current insolvency law system. Chapter 5 will first describe the international guidelines suggested by G20 after 2007-2009 financial crisis. It will then go on to introduce the financial regulatory reforms adopted by U.S. and EU following G20’s guidelines, including the mandatory requirements for trading on the regulated platforms, clearing through a central counterparty (CCP), reporting to a trade repository (TR), and exchanging margins for non-centrally cleared OTC derivative transactions. Besides, the concept of substituted compliance is briefly explained herein for implementing the regulatory regimes to cross-border activities. Chapter 5 also observes the connections between the aforesaid regulatory reforms and cross-border insolvency events. Under the structure of this thesis, substantive legal issues in Chapter 4 and procedural legal issues in Chapter 6 are bridged by Chapter 5. While Chapter 6 emphasizes on ex post measures to handle cross-border insolvency events, this Chapter 5 considers ex ante measures that monitor and supervise OTC derivatives markets and that also have been expected to promote ex post measures in case. Chapter 6 addresses the procedural aspects while dealing with cross-border insolvency cases. First, the theoretical principles for cross-border insolvency law are explained, including universality, territoriality, modified universality and modern territoriality. It herein also introduces legislative regimes in relation to UNCITRAL Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency and some jurisdictions’ international insolvency laws. Second, it turns to suggestions made by FSB. Third, the recent international trend in market practice is observed. Then, section 4 of this Chapter proposes framework of regulatory aspects and cooperation arrangements to process cross-border insolvency events, comprehensively in the substantive and the procedural dimensions. Lastly, it analyzes the cases presented in Chapter 2 within the scope of procedural issues of insolvency laws. Chapter 7 summaries conclusions on this thesis and on issues raised in Chapter 2. This final Chapter also tries to provide suggestions to our financial market participants in Taiwan.
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資本結構與代理問題-或有求償權評價法 / Capital Structure and Agency Problem-Contingent Claim Approach

黃星華, Huang, Hsing-Hua Unknown Date (has links)
本文立基於Merton(1974)或有求償權評價法及Leland(1994)內生破產資本結構模型上,加入次順位債券的考量,建立一個連續時間資本結構分析模型,量化的資本結構可作為企業融資之決策依據。內生破產行為與風險移轉行為都是股東與債權人之間可能產生的代理問題,本文的模型不但分析這兩種代理問題,更計算其所產生的代理成本。由模擬的結果發現內生破產成本雖然不大,但是其對無風險利率及公司非槓桿價值的波動度卻是非常的敏感。在本文的模型下,只要債務契約不能重新訂立,次順位債券的發行永遠都會降低優先債務的價值。在本模型中次順位債券的風險貼水比優先債券的風險貼水高;但是本文發現不管是優先債券或是次順位債券的風險貼水,當公司接近宣告破產時,公司非槓桿價值的波動度對兩種債券風險貼水的影響出現高風險低報酬的現象,可能的解釋理由如下:當公司接近宣告破產時,公司非槓桿價值波動度的增加使破產可能性提高,進而使風險貼水減少的間接力量大於波動度增加直接使風險貼水上升的力量。 / Based on Merton(1974) and Leland(1994), we construct a continuous-time capital structure model with subordinated debt. Quantitative results may serve the guidance of financial policy of the firm. Both endogenous bankruptcy and risk shifting behaviors are the agency problems between the equityholders and debtholders. Based on our model, the agency problems is considered and the agency costs are calculated. From the result of simulation, endogenous bankruptcy agency cost is small but sensitive to the volatility of unlevered asset value of the firm. Under renegotiation-proof, the senior debt is harmed by the issuance of the subordinated debt in our model. The risk premium of the subordinate debt is higher than that of the senior debt is confirmed by the model, however, when the firm is near bankruptcy, the behavior of "high risk high return" of both debts is reversed. The reason for the junk bond behavior may be explained as the negative effect of risk premiums due to the increase of the probability of bankruptcy is higher than the positive effect of the greater risk caused by higher volatility.

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