本研究探討訓練情境中的情緒激發與知覺訓練難度對訓練成效之影響。本研究使用實驗法，採3（情緒激發：正向、負向、無激發）×2（知覺訓練難度：簡單與困難）完全受試者間設計，依變項為受訓者的自我效能、學習動機、訓練有用性與訓練學習結果。受試者為國立政治大學的127名大學生，受試者隨機分派到六種實驗情境之一，在實驗室中依序進行情緒激發作業、訓練作業，最後填寫研究問卷。本研究以變異數分析（ANOVA）與共變數分析（ANCOVA）（控制性別之影響）來檢驗情緒激發與知覺訓練難度對各依變項之影響。研究結果顯示情緒激發與知覺訓練難度之交互作用會影響受訓者的自我效能與學習動機。最後，本研究針對研究結果進行討論、並對研究限制、未來研究方向、理論與實務意涵加以闡述。 / This study focuses on the effect of emotional arousal and perceived training difficulty on training outcomes. A 3 (emotional arousal: positive, negative, control) x 2 (perceived training difficulty: easy, difficult) between-subject experimental design is used. The dependent variables are trainees’ self-efficacy, motivation to learn, utility judgment and learning outcome. Subjects (N=127) were randomly assigned to one of the six experimental situations and completed the emotional arousal task, training task, and research questionnaire in order. The researcher uses ANOVA and ANCOVA (controlling the gender effect) to examine the influence of emotional arousal and perceived training difficulty on each dependent variable separately. The results of the present study indicate that trainees’ self-efficacy and motivation to learn can be influenced by the interaction of emotion arousal and perceived training difficulty. At last, the results, limitation, further research directions and implications are discussed.

本研究主要的目的在探討父母教養信念與方式、孩子內在動機資源、以及孩子成就之間的關係，即本研究所假設之「父母教養信念與方式影響孩子成就模式」是否成立。其中父母教養信念與方式是以父母重視學習、父母正向知覺、父母投入、以及父母自我效能為測量變項；孩子內在動機資源是以能力感、自主性、以及連繫性為測量變項；孩子成就是以期末成績、以及老師所評定之五育表現為測量變項。 本研究以雲林縣及台中市共15班的七年級孩子與他們的父母為研究對象。測量工具有三種分別為，測量父母教養信念與方式之「父母教養信念與方式問卷」，測量五育表現的「老師評比問卷」，以及測量孩子內在動機資源的「自我信念領域量表－中文版」。前兩個測量工具為研究者自編，以110份預試問卷，進行選題，建立信、效度，並以正式施測的521個研究樣本考驗問卷之有效性。後者則是譯自學校衡鑑研究工具(Institute for Research and Reform in Education、Inc.、IRRE、1998)的「自我信念領域量表(Beliefs about Self Scale)」。 結構方程模式考驗的結果顯示，「父母教養信念與方式影響孩子成就模式」與觀察資料達到良好適配，表示父母對孩子學習的正向觀感、父母本身認為學習對孩子的重要性、父母參與孩子學習活動的頻率、以及父母認為自己擁有幫助孩子發展的自我效能這四項父母教養信念與方式，能構築成支援性後天環境，除了直接影響孩子成就外，也會經由孩子產生掌握學習活動的能力感、主動參與學習的自主性、以及與環境建立安全連結的連繫性，幫助孩子在學校的表現。 根據逐步迴歸分析，本研究也發現，不論是預測孩子的期末成績是由老師所評定的五育表現，父母認為學習對孩子的重要性、父母對孩子表現的正向知覺、以及孩子所擁有的能力感相對上是較重要的父母教養信念與方式與孩子內在動機資源變項。因此對於七年級孩子的學習，父母較有效介入方式，並非直接的課業教導或監督、安排課後補習或才藝訓練、或對孩子不時的耳提面命，而是秉持重視學習的態度，正向樂觀地看待孩子的表現，這種態度上的潛移默化，孩子就容易建立正向的自我概念或能力感，進而表現得好。 除了上述結果，本研究也提出實務、以及未來研究上的建議，期望能作為家庭與親職教育領域的參考。 / This research is to examine a process model of relations among parental beliefs/practices、child inner resources and child achievement、namely、to validate the proposed 『Model of Influences on Parental Beliefs/Practices and Child achievement』. The parental beliefs/practices are composed of four observed variables: parents』 valuing learning、positive perception、involvement and self-efficacy. The child inner resources includes three observed variables: perceived competence、autonomy and relatedness. The child achievement comprises two observed variables: grade point average (GPA) and school performance. Participants were children in 15 classes of Grade 7 and their parents. Three self-report questionnaires、including 『Parental Beliefs/Practices Questionnaire』,』Teacher Ratings Questionnaire』 and 『Beliefs about Self Scale』 (Institute for Research and Reform in Education、Inc.、1998)、were utilized to measure the observed variables of parental beliefs/practices、child inner resources and child achievement respectively. The former two instruments、designed by the researcher、were established by a process of item selection and testing of reliability and validity based on the data of 110 participants in a pilot study. The factor structure and validity of these two instruments were further validated by 512 participants. The latter one was translated from the Belief about Self Scale (IRRE、1998) of Research Assessment Package for Schools developed by Institute for Research and Reform in Education、Inc. The test result of SEM suggested that the proposed 『Model of Influences on Parental Beliefs/Practices and Child Achievement』 fit the collected data well. That means、besides enhancing children’s achievement directly、all of the four parental beliefs/practices are able to generate a supportive environment to influence the children’s achievement、mediated by child inner resources. By the results of stepwise regression、we found that parents』 valuing learning、parental positive perception and perceived competence are important variables in predicting either GPA or school performance. This finding implied、to children in 7th grade、the effective ways in helping children may not be guiding or monitoring their learning activities、arranging additional training or providing advice、but to emphasize learning and appreciate children’s performance positively. This kind of attitude will enhance children’s positive self-concept or perceived competence so as to improve their performance in school. Besides above results、we raised several advices for parents and school for the sake of parental practices and education. Suggestions were also made for further research.

90年代的後期，敏捷式系統發展方法開始被倡導。相對於傳統的系統發展方法，敏捷式系統發展方法著重於回饋機制而非事前的計畫、以人為中心而非以流程為中心。這樣的方法希望能助於提高組織對回應市場、客戶的效率，進而提高效益。目前在商場中使用此方法做為開發工具的企業仍是少數，本研究希望透過探討敏捷式系統發展方法論的使用時機來進行教學，進而得知系統開發人員對於接受敏捷式系統發展方法的關鍵因素，並藉此了解該如何在企業中導入此方法。本研究發現除了使用此方法的能力會影響影響使用意圖之外，在內在因素方面也包含了公司結構與團隊因素，外部因素則包含了顧客與成功案例因素，這些都是接受敏捷式系統發展方法的關鍵因素。本研究希望根據以上的分析結果，提出敏捷式系統發展方法導入之建議，提供組織做為參考用。 / Awareness of agile system development methodologies (SDM) has grown among information systems development community in recent years. Many of their advocates consider the agile and the plan-driven SDMs polar opposites. Indeed there are circumstances where agile SDMs are more suitable than plan-driven SDMs. Yet, there have been few studies on understanding developers’ adoption intention. This paper takes an initial attempt to gauge new generation of software developers’ intention to select agile SDMs. To many of these developers, agile SDMs are relatively new if not unheard of, in order to assess their intention to choose such category of methodologies, this research first introduced the methodologies to a group of 21 IS-major graduate students and discussed how and when to use agile SDMs. Then a survey was conducted, which was comprised of two parts of questions: agile SDM self-efficacy and intention to use. PLS analysis results showed that agile SDM self-efficacy influence the intention to use through performance outcome expectation, personal outcome expectation, and affect. Although the relationship between self-efficacy and anxiety was not confirmed, anxiety does affect intention to use. The fact that direct relationships between all four emotive variables and the intention to use are established implies that in order to encourage the use of agile SDMs, the focus should be emotive variables, and that self efficacy may be just one of various ways to promote the favorable emotional states. In addition, these participates were invited to a three-round Delphi test and analytic hierarchy process to retrieved their concerns about accepting or rejecting agile SDMs. Ten key factors were extracted and categorized. Adding up the pros and cons, team dimension is the most important dimension, which explains individual first concerns about how the collaboration when using agile SDMs. Other than team dimension, customer, corporate structure, project, success cases and methodology dimensions were consistent with the literatures. Thus our study provides a critical understanding of the factors that affect new generation of software developers’ intention to select agile SDM.

N世代青年族群是開始以網路為主，資訊傳遞翻轉的新興世代，本研究藉由資訊-動機-行為技能模式（簡稱IMB模式）瞭解影響青年族群正確用藥行為的因子，探討青年族群醫藥素養、個人態度、用藥自我效能、行為障礙感知、醫藥傳播資訊暴露程度及正確用藥行為的發展現況，藉此發現喚起病人或家屬對病人安全及醫療風險認知的切入點，並增加警覺及主動積極性行為，與醫藥人員共同合作。為自己的健康狀態把關。 本研究所採用的方法是網路問卷調查，針對1977年到1997年出生的N世代青年族群蒐集資料，共獲得1,198份有效問卷。 本研究發現青年族群整體的用藥行為偏向經常做到，其中實踐程度由高至低依序為堅持正當藥品取得方式、主動告知身體狀況、看清楚用藥標示和主動諮詢專業。青年族群九成九以上有高醫藥素養，有六成以上的受訪者得到滿分。大部分青年族群偏向「同意」有正向的用藥態度；自我效能整體的認同度偏向於「同意」。受訪者對於用藥行為障礙感知程度整體偏向「不同意」有用藥行為障礙。 多數青年從媒體獲得醫藥資訊的頻率偏向「每月1~2次」為主。整體面向暴露由高至低為專業管道、傳統大眾媒體及新興網路。青年族群前三大醫藥資訊暴露管道依序為Facebook、電視、醫護人員，而BBS、大眾運輸工具看板、海報、傳單、宣傳手冊、產品包裝等是接著依序常用的管道。 醫藥素養只對堅持正當藥品取得方式有統計顯著正向預測力。個人態度和自我效能與用藥行為的四項依變項主動告知身體狀況、看清楚用藥標示、堅持正當藥品取得方式和主動諮詢專業，在相關分析及階層複迴歸分析都顯示有統計顯著正向相關。行為障礙感知與用藥行為的四項依變項主動告知身體狀況、看清楚用藥標示、堅持正當藥品取得方式和主動諮詢專業，在相關分析及階層複迴歸分析都顯示有統計顯著負向相關。 傳統大眾媒體與主動告知身體狀況、看清楚用藥標示和主動諮詢專業，在相關分析顯示有統計顯著正向相關，但階層複迴歸分析都未有統計顯著預測力；堅持正當藥品取得方式在相關分析及階層複迴歸分析都是顯著負向相關。新興網路與主動告知身體狀況和主動諮詢專業，在相關分析及階層複迴歸分析顯示都有統計顯著正向相關；新興網路與看清楚用藥標示，在相關分析顯示有統計顯著正向相關，但階層複迴歸分析未有統計顯著預測力；新興網路與堅持正當藥品取得方式在相關分析及階層複迴歸分析都是顯著負向相關。專業管道與主動告知身體狀況、看清楚用藥標示和主動諮詢專業，在相關分析及階層複迴歸分析顯示都有統計顯著正向相關；專業管道與堅持正當藥品取得方式在相關分析是顯著負向相關，但階層複迴歸分析中是無統計顯著預測力。 本研究的主要貢獻是證實藉由IMB模式的各項因子，都能有效預測部分或全部的正確用藥行為，尤其是個人態度、自我效能及行為障礙感知這三面向，並且呼應行為技能是影響行為的重要關鍵。因此往後如果有醫藥行為要推廣或宣傳時，就可以藉助IMB模式的因子為原型、大綱，相信會有更好的效果產生，也希望有人可以做後續相關研究，證實IMB模式的可行性。 / The Net Generation is the first generation to grow up in the digital world. The goal of this study is to understand the medical behavior of the Net Generation using the information-motivation-behavioral skills (IMB) model and the conditions of health literacy, personal attitudes, medical self-efficacy, the perception of behavioral barriers, the level of media exposure and medical behavior. To emphasize patient safety and medical risks, we tried to find the way to improve the awareness and active behavior to cooperate with medical professionals and to maintain self-health. The 1,198 effective samples were collected from people who were born between 1977 and 1999 through a web questionnaire. The study found that the Net Generation usually had correct medication-taking behavior. The frequency of the behavior from high to low was obtaining medicine through official channels, actively telling self-conditions, clearly reading medication labels, and actively consulting medical professionals. Over 99% of the participants had high health literacy and over 60% got full scores. Most of the participants tended to agree that they had positive personal attitudes and self-efficacy but disagreed they had the perception of behavioral barriers. Most of the participants obtained medical information through media once or twice a month. The exposure to media from high to low was professional channels, traditional mass media, and internet. The exposure to media channels in order were: Facebook, television, medical professionals, BBS, public transportation boards, and advertising brochures. Health literacy could only positively predict actively telling self-conditions. Personal attitudes and self-efficacy could positively predict four dependent variables of correct medication-taking behavior including obtaining medicine through official channels, actively telling self-conditions, clearly reading medication labels, and actively consulting medical professionals. And, the perception of behavioral barriers could negatively predict them. There were some statistically positive correlations between traditional mass media and correct medication-taking behavior including actively telling self-conditions, clearly reading medication labels, and actively consulting medical professionals. However, there was no prediction in hierarchical regression. There was a statistically negative correlation in Pearson’s correlation and hierarchical regression between traditional mass media and obtaining medicine through official channels. There were statistically positive correlations in Pearson’s correlation and hierarchical regression between internet and actively telling self-conditions or actively consulting medical professionals. However, there was a statistically negative correlation between internet and obtaining medicine through official channels. There was a statistically positive correlation between the internet and clearly reading medication labels but there was no prediction in hierarchical regression between them. There were statistically positive correlations in Pearson’s correlation and hierarchical regression between professional channels and actively telling self-conditions, clearly reading medication labels, or actively consulting medical professionals. There was a statistically negative correlation between professional channels and obtaining medicine through official channels but there was no correlation in hierarchical regression. The main contribution of this study was to support the argument that the IMB model could predict correct medication-taking behavior, especially when personal attitudes, self-efficacy and the perception of behavioral barriers are looked at. Therefore, behavioral skills were the key to correctly using medication. If someone wants to do medical behavior promotions, then the concept of the IMB model could be very effective.

本研究之目的主要是透過360度回饋的方式，進一步探討影響主管人員行為改變意圖的相關因素，這些因素包括評量正確性知覺、360度回饋滿意度、自我效能、組織支持、組織限制以及自他評一致性等。 本研究樣本為國內某建築業之主管，其中初階主管15人，中階主管42人，高階主管4人，共計61位主管。研究結果發現，評量正確性知覺、360度回饋滿意度、自我效能以及組織支持等變項與行為改變意圖之間均具有顯著正相關，然而組織限制與行為改變意圖之間則不具有顯著的負相關。變異數分析的結果顯示，不同自他評一致性程度的受試，其在評量正確性知覺上確實有顯著差異存在，然而在行為改變意圖上卻並未有顯著差異。事後比較進一步發現，「低估」組以及「一致低」組的受試在評量正確性知覺上顯著高於「高估」組，然而「一致高」組的受試在評量正確性知覺上則並未顯著高於「低估」組與「一致低」組。此外，逐步迴歸分析研究結果顯示，在評量正確性知覺、360度回饋滿意度、自我效能、組織支持以及組織限制等變項之中，以360度回饋滿意度對於行為改變意圖的變異解釋量為最高(30％)。 本研究並進一步指出研究之限制，以及建議後續研究者可以針對影響員工對於360度回饋的態度、個人行為改變決策歷程、友誼效應、訓練效果、電腦化、以及組織文化分析等議題進行更深入的探討；此外，對於有意推行360度回饋系統之企業組織，本研究亦提供多項實務上的建議。