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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

國民中小學校長工作價值觀、重要他人支持、自我效能感對其工作選擇的影響研究 / A Study of Impact of Work Values, Significant Others’ Support, and Self-efficacy on Junior High and Elementary School Principals’ Job Choice

席榮維, Hsi, Jungwei Unknown Date (has links)
本研究旨在探討校長工作價值觀、重要他人支持、自我效能感對其工作選擇的影響情形,探討不同重要變項理論內涵、現況與變項之間關係,進而建構及驗證其互動模式,並依研究結果提出建議。 本研究先進行文獻探討,作為架構研究的理論基礎,並以100名校長為預試樣本,分析預試結果以形成正式問卷,再以404名之校長為正式問卷施測樣本,問卷回收整理後分別以描述統計、t考驗、相關分析、變異數分析、多元逐步迴歸分析及線性結構模式分析探討;之後,根據調查結果研擬訪談題綱,實地訪談10名現職校長以瞭解造成差異的原因。本研究之主要研究發現如下: 一、國民中小學校長在工作價值觀、重要他人支持、自我效能感與工作選擇的得分現況屬於中高程度。 二、擔任校長的年資、性別、學校區域等背景變項,在校長工作價值觀量表的得分有差異情形存在。 三、學校類別、總服務年資、擔任校長的年資、性別、學校區域等背景變項,在重要他人支持量表的得分有差異情形存在。 四、總服務年資、擔任校長的年資、性別、學校區域等背景變項,在校長自我效能感量表的得分有差異情形存在。 五、學校類別、擔任校長的年資、性別、學校區域等背景變項,在校長工作選擇量表的得分有差異情形存在。 六、工作價值觀、重要他人支持、自我效能感與校長工作選擇具高度相關。 七、工作價值觀、重要他人支持、自我效能感對校長工作選擇有顯著預測力。 八、工作價值觀、重要他人支持、自我效能感對校長工作選擇有顯著影響力。 九、校長自我效能感對其工作選擇的影響力最大,重要他人支持次之,工作價值觀的影響力最小。 最後,根據研究結果提出相關建議,以供教育行政機關、校長培育中心、現職校長以及未來研究之參考。 / The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of work values, significant other’s support, and self-efficacy for principal’s job choice. The study included literature analysis, questionnaire survey, and interview. The purpose of literature analysis was aimed to explore the relationship of work values, significant other support, self-efficacy, and job choice. The pilot study was included 100 subjects. The sample was included 404 principals. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, correlation, ANOVA, multiple regression and LISREL model. The interview was conducted according to the analyzed results. The major findings were: 1.The principal’s scores on work value, significant other’s support, self-efficacy and job choice were moderately high. 2.Years of principalship, gender, and districts could make significant differences on principal’s work values 3.The levels of schools, in-service years, years of principalship, gender, and districts could make differences on significant other’s support. 4.In-service years, years of principalship, gender, and districts could make differences on principal’s self-efficacy. 5.The level of schools, years of principalship, gender, and districts could make differences on principal’s job choice. 6.There was highly positive correlation among principal’s work values, significant other’s support, self-efficacy, and job choice 7.The principal’s job choice could be predicted by work values, significant other’s support, self-efficacy. 8.The principal’s job choice could be affected by work values, significant other’s support, self-efficacy. 9.Principal’s self-efficacy was the strongest indicator for job choice, significant other’s support was the second one, and work values were the smallest one. According to the results, suggestions for authorities of educational administration, School leadership academy, principal, and for further study were proposed.
22

價格敏感度與價格比較之關係-探討行動裝置自我效能之調節效應 / Mobile Device Self-efficacy as a Moderator for the Relationship between Price Sensitivity and Price Comparison

魏啓源 Unknown Date (has links)
近年來行動裝置已是相當地普遍且普及率逐年快速成長,由Google在2013年對台灣的市場調查報告中可知,台灣智慧型手機普及率已達51%,而隨著各種不同功能的應用服務之增加,行動裝置已經改變了我們許多的生活習慣,其影響力更是不可忽視。 過去許多的文獻在探討與研究價格敏感度與消費者的比價行為之關係,但在行動裝置普及的情形下並沒有相關之研究,行動裝置對其關係之影響仍有許多探討之空間。因此本研究的目的是由行動裝置之自我效能作為調節變數,探討對價格敏感度與行動比價行為意圖之間關係的影響。 本研究採用網路問卷進行研究資料的蒐集,調查對象為擁有智慧型手機的一般消費者,共得有效樣本504份,並利用結構方程模式與多群組分析來驗證整體研究架構。研究結果顯示,行動裝置自我效能之調節效應被確立,當消費者的行動裝置之自我效能越高時,則會更加地影響價格敏感度高的消費者,使他的行動比價意圖相對變得更加強烈,且本研究揣測未來行動裝置自我效能高的消費者,只會隨時間而不斷增加,而商品資訊變得更加透明化,將造成消費者的價格敏感度大幅提升,使得消費者的行動比價意圖變高,進行比價行為。在行動裝置的普及下,消費者的價格敏感度與行動比價之間的關係會更加地強烈。未來後續研究可針對某感興趣的產品類別進行研究以便瞭解訂價策略之研擬,對於特定產品之研究在學術界與實務上皆深具意義。 / Mobile devices are more and more popular today. According to Google’s market report, smart phone penetration rate has reached 51% in Taiwan in 2013. With various features and increasing applications, mobile devices have changed our daily lives in many ways. There is much literature exploring the relationship between price sensitivity and price comparison behavior. However there is no such research exploring the relationship in a mobile device setting. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to study price comparison behavior on a mobile device. Specifically, I explore the moderating effect of mobile device self-efficacy on the relationship between price sensitivity and price comparison on a mobile device. In the paper, I develop a conceptual model according to literature review. To measure constructs in the model, I identify appropriate items based on literature and revise the items to fit the study. Data were collected using online questionnaires. The survey population is common shoppers in Taiwan who are using mobile device. Total 504 valid samples were obtained. As for data analysis, structural equation modeling (SEM) and multiple-group analysis were used to test the model. The results show that the moderating effect of mobile device self-efficacy is significant. Price-sensitive shoppers compare prices on a mobile device only when they consider themselves capable of operating the device. Specifically, for high price-sensitive shoppers, high mobile device self-efficacy make them much more intend to compare prices on a mobile device. The study has many implications especially when mobile device is becoming a commodity and product prices cannot be more transparent.
23

360度回饋與績效改善之縱貫性實證研究

范傑倫, Fan, Chieh-Lun Unknown Date (has links)
本研究乃一縱貫性之實證研究,主要目的在於探討:(1)實施360度回饋二年之成效,(2)針對不同的自評與他評一致性之主管,探討其績效改善之情形,與(3)自評改變之情況,(4)自我效能與知覺組織支持對行為改變之影響,以及(5)不同的評量目的,對主管評量之影響。本研究樣本為國內某建築業之初、中、高階主管,共計61位,研究時間長達二年。研究結果發現,執行360度回饋後,受評主管第二年之績效表現有顯著的改善;在第二年,「高估者」及「一致╱低者」有顯著的績效改善,而「低估者」與「一致╱高者」則無;此外,「低估者」與「一致╱低者」會提高自評,而「高估者」與「一致╱高者」之自評則無改變;此外,「自我效能」與「知覺組織支持」並不影響績效改善,但在單純主要效果分析中發現,高自我效能者有顯著的績效改善,低自我效能者則無;而不同的「評量目的」,確實會影響主管的評量正確性,且以「員工發展」為目的之360度回饋中的主管回饋,能有效預測受評者未來的績效表現,此外,本研究亦發現執行360度回饋後,主管之評量正確性有提高之傾向。最後,本研究並進一步指出研究之限制、後續相關研究之方向,以及企業實施360度回饋之實務建議。
24

具SOAR結構化筆記功能之合作數位閱讀標註系統對於國小學生閱讀理解成效之影響研究 / A study on the effects of collaborative reading annotation system with soar structured note function on reading comprehension performance

陳怡君, Chen,Yi Chun Unknown Date (has links)
因應數位閱讀時代的來臨,在進行數位閱讀時,如何進行自我監控,協助學習者掌握閱讀技巧,特別是對於閱讀認知能力不足的小學兒童來說,在進行數位閱讀時更需要有完善的學習鷹架輔助,才能達到良好的閱讀成效。標註系統中也發展出許多不同機制來輔助閱讀,幫助提升學習者的閱讀動機與閱讀成效。但卻也發現學習容易著重在標註的量而忽略了標註的品質,反而無法提升其閱讀理解成效,在學習的過程中忽略了閱讀歷程與閱讀認知的適配性。因此,本研究在合作式數位閱讀標註系統上發展出一套基於閱讀標註支援更有效閱讀的「SOAR結構式筆記模組」,讓學習者於作筆記的過程中掌握文本的重點,幫助學習者提升其閱讀自我效能,希望可有效促進學習者在閱讀中有效的內化與重組,以提升閱讀理解的深度與成效。 本研究採單組實驗設計,探討學習者在使用具「SOAR結構化筆記模組」的「合作式數位閱讀標註系統」輔以閱讀學習的情境下,學習者的閱讀標註瀏覽行為、標註行為及SOAR筆記分數是否影響學生其閱讀自我效能、閱讀理解成效。此外,也針對不同性別與認知風格的學習者作探討。 研究結果發現: 1.在使用「合作式數位閱讀標註系統」支援閱讀的學習情境下,採用「SOAR結構化筆記模組」支援數位閱讀學習,其國小學生的標註行為、閱讀標註瀏覽行為及SOAR筆記分數與閱讀自我效能並無顯著相關2.女性學習者的自我效能與閱讀理解成效具有顯著高度正相關,並且具有線性迴歸之可預測性3.全體學習者的SOAR筆記分數與閱讀理解成具有顯著高度正相關,並且具有線性迴歸之可預測性4.男性學習者的SOAR筆記分數與閱讀理解成效具有顯著高度正相關,並且具有線性迴歸之可預測性5.對國小學生的閱讀理解成效具有顯著的提升6.對男性學習者與女性學習者的閱讀理解成效均具有顯著的提升7.對場地獨立型學習者與場地相依型的學習者的閱讀理解成效均具有顯著的提升。 最後,基於研究結果,本研究亦提出對教師及系統改良的建議,並提出幾個未來的研究方向,希望能對數位閱讀研究有所貢獻。 / Abstract To cope with the digital reading era, self-monitoring to assist learners in grasping reading skills during digital reading, especially for the digital reading of elementary pupils with inadequate reading cognitive capabilities, perfect learning scaffolding is required for achieving good reading performance. There are many different mechanisms developed in annotation systems to assist in reading and help learners promote the reading motivation and reading performance. However, it is also discovered that the learning could easily focus on the quantity of annotation, but ignore the quality of annotation so that the reading comprehension performance could not be enhanced and the suitability of reading process and reading cognition in the learning process is ignored. For this reason, a reading annotation based “SOAR structured note module” for supporting effective reading is developed on the cooperative digital reading annotation system, allowing learners grasping the key points in the text during the noting process and helping learners promote the reading self-efficacy. It is expected to effectively advance the effective internalization and organization of learners in the reading in order to enhance the depth and performance of reading comprehension. With one-shot experimental design, the effect of learners’ reading annotation browsing behaviors, annotation behaviors, and SOAR note scores on the reading self-efficacy and reading comprehension performance, under the reading learning situation with “cooperative digital reading annotation system” with “SOAR structured note module”. Besides, gender and learners with different cognitive styles are also discussed in this study. The research findings are concluded as below. 1. Under the reading learning situation with the support of “cooperative digital reading annotation system”, elementary students applying “SOAR structured note module” to support the digital reading learning do not appear significant correlations between annotation behaviors, reading annotation browsing behaviors, SOAR note scores and reading self-efficacy. 2. Female learners’ self-efficacy and reading comprehension performance present remarkably and highly positive correlations, with the predictability of linear regression. 3. All learners’ SOAR note scores and reading comprehension performance show significantly and highly positive correlation, with the predictability of linear regression. 4. Male learners’ SOAR note scores and reading comprehension performance reveal notably and highly positive correlation, with the predictability of linear regression. 5. Elementary students’ reading comprehension performance is remarkably enhanced. 6. Both male and female learners’ reading comprehension performance is significantly enhanced. 7. Both field-independent and field-dependent learners’ reading comprehension performance is notably enhanced. Finally, suggestions for teachers and system improvement are proposed, based on the research results, in this study, and several research directions are also proposed for research on digital reading. Key words: SOAR structured note; cooperative reading annotation; reading self-efficacy; reading comprehension performance
25

合作式網路探究課程發展與學習成效評估研究:以圖書館利用教育為例 / The Effects of Collaborative Web-based Inquiry Science Environment (CWISE) on Library Instruction Learning Performance

辛瓊瑤, Hsin, Chiung Yao Unknown Date (has links)
本研究成果冀望對於減輕圖書教師或館員在圖書館利用教育實施上的負擔,以發展結合網路學習讓學習者自學的有效圖書館利用教育模式。據此本研究探討發展之「合作式網路探究圖書館利用教育模式」對於學習者的學習成效、網路態度、科技接受度及學習滿意度,是否優於目前普遍被採用的「網路式圖書館利用教育模式」。此外,本研究亦探討場地獨立型與場地相依型不同認知風格及高低網路自我效能學習者利用「合作式網路探究圖書館利用教育模式」進行圖書館利用教育學習,在提升學習成效、網路態度、科技接受度及學習滿意度上是否與「網路式圖書館利用教育模式」具有顯著的差異,希望據此探討這兩個背景變項對於「合作式網路探究圖書館利用教育模式」輔以圖書館利用教育實施的影響。 本研究採用準實驗研究法,隨機選取新北市某公立小學六年級二個班為研究對象,一班為實驗組,共有30人,採用「合作式網路探究圖書館利用教育模式」學習模式;一班為控制組,共有31人,採用「網路式圖書館利用教育模式」學習模式,在90分鐘共二堂課時間內,分別實施不同模式之圖書館利用教育課程。 實驗結果顯示利用「合作式網路探究圖書館利用教育模式」進行學習的實驗組學習者,在學習成效及網路態度上皆顯著優於採用「網路式圖書館利用教育模式」的控制組學習者。在學習滿意度上兩組則無顯著差異。科技接受度的「認知有用性」上,實驗組學習者顯著優於控制組學習者;但是在科技接受度的「認知易用性」方面,兩組之間則無顯著差異。另外,本研究所發展的「合作式網路探究圖書館利用教育模式」對於場地相依型和網路自我效能較低的學習者的學習成效特別具有助益。但是「合作式網路探究圖書館利用教育模式」對於學習者的網路態度,並不會因不同個人認知風格與網路自我效能而有所差異。 / The research aims to explore the influences on students' learning effectiveness and internet attitude by using inquiry-based learning skills of Collaborative Web-based Inquiry Science Environment (CWISE) library instruction. Besides, it also find out the difference of learning effectiveness, internet attitude and learning satisfaction between field-independence and field-dependence cognitive styles, as well as high and low internet self-efficacy learners when using CWISE library instruction. The study would also help to reduce the burden on teachers or librarians and to provide self inquiry-based library instruction. The quasi-experimental design is used under the restriction of education environment. Two grade 6 classes of a public elementary school in New Taipei City are chosen randomly and devided into two groups. 30 students in experimental group is proceeded with CWISE library instruction, and 31 students in control group is proceeded with web-based library instruction. Both library instruction model are taken for 90 minutes in two periods. The results show that learning outcomes from CWISE group are better than traditional web-based instruction group in all aspects. In addition, the instruction of CWISE is benefit to learning outcomes for field-dependent cognitive style and low internet self- efficacy learners. However, the students' internet attitude isn't influenced by cognitive style and internet self-efficacy after CWISE library instruction.
26

家長諮詢訓練方案之成效探討-以台北縣家庭教育中心為例 / Effectiveness of Parental Consultation Training Program-Using the Volunteer Taipei Family Education Center as Sample

陳莉榛, Chen, Li Jane Unknown Date (has links)
本研究目的在探討家長諮詢訓練方案對提昇輔導志工自我效能,以及改善家長教養行為的實驗成效。實驗處理為家長諮詢訓練方案,其內容以諮詢服務的觀點,結合父母效能系統訓練和焦點解決短期治療的理念與技術。研究對象以台北縣家庭教育中心的輔導志工48人(實驗組和控制組各24人),以及接受輔導志工諮詢的家長31人(實驗組18人,控制組13人),研究工具為輔導志工自我效能量表以及父母教養行為量表。資料處理採二因子混合設計變異數分析。研究結果發現,接受訓練方案之實驗組輔導志工較控制組輔導志工在自我效能有顯著的提昇;接受訓練方案之輔導志工較控制組輔導志工,其親職諮詢對父母的教養行為改善有顯著效果。本研究的結論顯示家長諮詢訓練方案確實能提昇輔導志工自我效能及有效改善家長教養行為,並據此對家庭教育中心的親職諮詢、親職教育、諮商實務和未來研究提出具體建議。 / This study aimed at examining the effectiveness of parental consultation training program applied to volunteer counselors and the indirect effect of the training program on parental nurture behaviors. Forty eight participants of volunteer counselors in Taipei Family Education Center were randomly divided into experimental and control groups.Thirty one parents received consultation service participated in this study.The measures were volunteer counselors self-efficacy scale and parental nurture behaviors scale. Analysis of the statistical data utilized two-way mixed ANOVA. Results indicated that the self-efficacy of the volunteer counselors in experimental group were significantly higher than those in control group after the training program and follow-up.The parents of experimental group in parental nurture behaviors was higher than those control group. This study demonstrates that the parental consultation training program is effective in enchancing self-efficacy of volunteer counselors and in improving the parental nurture behaviors. Suggestions regarding parental consultation, parental education, and counseling practice for family education center are proposed in the future research.
27

以科技採用模型之觀點探討採用手持GPS之影響因素

張家豪 Unknown Date (has links)
近年來GPS相關產品與各項應用蓬勃發展,當中又以GPS手持裝置最受人矚目,根據各項數據顯示,GPS手持裝置的出貨量近年來呈現高度的成長,GPS手持裝置產品與其相關應用無疑是當前最具前景的產業之一。然而目前有關GPS的研究多半偏向技術為主,鮮少有研究以消費者為焦點從事研究,因此本研究將朝這個方向出發,主要探討影響消費者GPS手持裝置採用意願的相關影響因素。 本研究以科技採用模型為主要的理論依據,在經過文獻探討後將影響因素分成個人因素、社會因素與科技因素三大類,並據此發產出相關研究架構。同時本研究採用研究調查法,以北部大專以上學生為主要抽樣對象,紙本問卷與網路問卷共回收有效問卷286份。在經過資料分析後,發現個人創新性、自我效能、知覺服務可獲得性、社會影響各會以不同方式影響消費者GPS手持裝置行為採用意願。本研究並據此對實務與後續研究提出相關建議。
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電子郵件使用對知識工作者時間控制感之影響:以三階段混合方法探討 / The impact of e-mail usage on knowledge workers’ perceived control of time: a three phases mixed methods approach

林勝為, Lin, Sheng Wei Unknown Date (has links)
在網際網路普及率高居不下的時代裡,知識工作者平日使用網路之時間比例已有逐年升高的趨勢。在這種潮流下,工作場域中知識工作者花費於網路訊息傳播的時間,佔用工作時間之比率驚人,尤以電子郵件為甚。對於使用電子郵件所產生的問題,使用者似乎感到能力不足,而且在面對超載的資訊流通量時,更覺得難以應付。因為個人不佳的電子郵件使用習慣所引發的問題,都會直接或間接衝擊到時間資源的運用以及增加時間的壓力。因此,瞭解如何有效處理電子郵件,對於知識工作者的生產力非常重要。 本研究採用Creswell所提出之三階段混合方法探討研究議題。首先,第一階段採用質性之焦點群體訪談法,瞭解知識工作者典型的電子郵件使用行為。第二階段以大樣本的調查研究,探討知識工作者的人格主動性如何經由電子郵件管理行為影響其電子郵件使用時間控制感及工作時間控制感,並以社會認知理論及目標設定理論之整合觀點探討。第三階段以實地實驗的方式,在實際組織場域中進行員工電子郵件管理教育訓練,以觀察是否能產生訓練遷移之效果,亦即提升受訓者之電子郵件自我效能、電子郵件時間管理行為及電子郵件使用時間控制感。 第一階段焦點群體訪談的重要結論包括:1)使用者被電子郵件支配著,但他們往往毫無知覺;2)日常工作使用上,電子郵件的弱點卻變成其強項;3)具有資訊系統背景的使用者,不必然會使用電子郵件工具的複雜功能;4)電子郵件被認為是平面媒體,而非即時互動媒體;5)電子郵件在工作場合,已經大幅度地取代面對面溝通;6)電子郵件使用者習慣性地使用副本轉寄功能,但並非出於真正的需要;7)使用者並不常將工作或個人電子郵件分開處理;8)使用者非常珍惜學習電子郵件功能的機會,但機會並非輕鬆即能獲得。有關以上相關結論及看法間之對照情況也在本文中提及。另外,本階段也歸納出有效率使用電子郵件之方法,並據以發展下一階段調查研究法之問卷。 第二階段經由251位知識工作者之分析結果顯示,人格主動性透過電子郵件時間管理行為及電子郵件自我效能,可以推測電子郵件使用時間控制感及工作時間控制感。此外,電子郵件自我效能較高者,其電子郵件時間管理行為的評量分數也較高。 第三階段實地實驗共涵蓋280位受測者,其中實驗組有175位,控制組有105位。ANCOVA分析之結果顯示,相較於控制組,實驗組之受測者經過教育訓練後展現較高的電子郵件自我效能及較佳的電子郵件時間控制感,但是受測者於訓練後並未投入更多心力於電子郵件時間管理行為。此外,接受此電子郵件訓練課程一個月後,平均每一位受訓者節省約17%之電子郵件使用時間。 / At the high widespread rate of the Internet era, the time spent on the Internet among knowledge workers has gradually increased. Because of this trend, these people have spent an alarming proportion of their work time on message communications tools, such as emails. Problems arising from e-mail management make users helpless particularly when they have to deal with information overload. Problems caused by inefficient e-mail use would directly/ indirectly affect the time resource, inevitably increasing time pressure to the workers. Therefore, it is essential for knowledge workers to understand how to use e-mail efficiently to heighten their productivity. This study adopted Creswell’s three-phases mixed methods to investigate our research issues. First, this study investigates the e-mail usage behavior of knowledge workers through an in-depth literature review and a focus group discussion. Then, a sample survey method, along with a social cognitive theory and a goal setting theory, was adopted to investigate how personality affects perceived control of time in the context of e-mail handling. The third phase includes a quasi-experimental field study carried out in an organizational setting to examine the effects of an e-mail management training program on e-mail self-efficacy, e-mail-specific time management behavior, and time control over e-mail use. The important findings in phase one include : 1) people are ruled by e-mail, but they think otherwise; 2) in daily usage, many weaknesses of e-mail are turned into strengths; 3) an information system background does not necessarily lead to sophistication in using e-mail tools; 4) e-mail is regarded as a print medium rather than an interactive medium; 5) e-mail to a large extent replaces face-to-face communication in the workplace; 6) e-mail users use the carbon copy and forwarding features habitually and not out of necessity; 7) users do not usually handle work-related and personal e-mail messages separately; and 8) users seek opportunities to learn about e-mail functionality out of convenience, but these are not attained with ease. A contrast between these findings and conventional wisdom concludes this study. In addition, we also conclude efficient e-mail usage approaches in this phase and develop the questionnaire for the next stage. Based on data collected from 251 knowledge workers in second phase, the results show that personality predicts perceived control of time in e-mail handling and work through both e-mail-specific time management behavior and e-mail self-efficacy. In addition, higher e-mail self-efficacy leads to improved e-mail-specific time management behavior. The field experiment in third phase includes 280 subjects, with 175 subjects in the experimental group, and 105 subjects in the control group, the ANCOVA results show that, after the training, the subjects exhibited greater e-mail self-efficacy and better time control over e-mail use but not paid more attention to e-mail-specific time management behavior According to the study reported here, this employee training program leads to a perceived time saving of about 17%.
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社會支持、自我效能對兒童知覺雙親衝突影響兒童生活適應歷程之調節效果研究 / The mediating effects study of social support and self-efficacy on the process of child's perception of interparental conflict on child adjustment

劉宗幸, Tsung-Shing Liu Unknown Date (has links)
本研究主要目的在探討親子依附關係在兒童知覺雙親衝突與兒童生活適應間扮演中介角色的可能性,並探討社會支持、自我效能在兒童知覺雙親衝突與親子依附關係間、親子依附關係與兒童生活適應間是否具有調節效果。   本研究以318名國小五、六年級的學生為研究對象,採用「兒童知覺雙親衝突量表」、「父親依附量表」、「母親依附量表」、「學生社會支持量表」、「自我效能問卷」,和「國小學童生活適應量表」六種量表,以瞭解受試者在各研究變項(兒童知覺雙親衝突、親子依附關係、社會支持,自我效能、兒童生活適應)上的情形。   研究結果支持親子依附關係在兒童知覺雙親衝突與兒童生活適應間具有中介效果。至於社會支持的調節效果,只有在兒童知覺雙親衝突與兒童與父親的依附關係間,社會支持的調節效果獲得支持,而自我效能調節效果的假設則未獲得支持。   根據研究結果,雙親衝突的確對親子依附關係與兒童生活適應有不良影響,因此父母應避免破壞性衝突,或將衝突轉化成具建設性的;在衝突過程中,不要忘了注意、關心兒童的感受,以維持良好的親子互動。至於社會支持與自我效能在兒童知覺雙親衝突與親子依附關係間、親子依附關係與兒童生活適應間的調節效果,則有待進一步的研究。 第一章 緒論……………………………………………………… 1 第一節 研究背景與目的………………………………………… 1 第二節 研究問題………………………………………………… 4 第二章 文獻探討………………………………………………… 5 第一節 婚姻衝突與兒童生活適應的關係……………………… 5 壹、 婚姻衝突的概念與含意…………………………………… 5 貳、 生活適應的含意…………………………………………… 7 參、 父母衝突對兒童生活適應的影響………………………… 9 肆、 父母衝突對兒童影響的機制………………………………11 一、 模仿…………………………………………………………11 二、 認知情境脈絡架構…………………………………………12 三、 親子間的依附關係…………………………………………15 第二節 兒童的社會支持與自我效能與其生活適應之關係……22 壹、 社會支持與兒童生活適應之關係…………………………22 一、 社會支持概念的起源與定義………………………………22 二、 社會支持的來源與分類……………………………………25 三、 社會支持的測量……………………………………………27 四、 社會支持的壓力調節假說…………………………………28 五、 社會支持的相關研究………………………………………31 貳、 自我效能與兒童生活適應之關係…………………………34 一、 自我效能理論緣起…………………………………………34 二、 自我效能的意義……………………………………………36 三、 自我效能的來源……………………………………………38 四、 自我效能的測量……………………………………………39 五、 自我效能的相關研究………………………………………40 第三章 研究方法…………………………………………………43 第一節 研究假設與架構…………………………………………43 第二節 研究對象…………………………………………………44 第三節 測量工具…………………………………………………45 第四節 資料處理…………………………………………………61 第四章 研究結果………………………………………………63 第一節 受試者之基本資料…………………………………63 第二節 研究變項各向度的描述統計結果……………………64 第三節 研究變項的相關分析…………………………………65 第四節 研究變項的迴歸分析…………………………………68 第五章 結論與討論………………………………………………76 第一節 結論……………………………………………………76 第二節 討論……………………………………………………77 第三節 研究限制與建議…………………………………………82 參考文獻…………………………………………………………86 中文部份………………………………………………………86 英文部份………………………………………………………88 附錄………………………………………………………………95 附錄一 預試量表………………………………………………95 附錄二 正試量表…………………………………………… 106 圖目錄 圖 2 -1 認知情境脈絡架構………………………………………………………13 圖 2 -2 社會支持之主要效果模式………………………………………………29 圖 2 -3 社會支持作為壓力調節器的模式………………………………………30 圖 2- 4 社會支持之調節效果模式………………………………………………30 圖 2 -5 三種互動論………………………………………………………………35 圖 5 -1 兒童社會支持在兒童知覺雙親衝突與父親依附間的調節效果………72 表目錄 表 5 -1 樣本次數分配表………………………………………………………63 表 5 -2 研究變項各向度之平均數與標準差…………………………………64 表 5 -3 各研究變項向度間的相關……………………………………………66 表 5 -4 各研究變項間的相關…………………………………………………68 表 5- 5 兒童知覺雙親衝突對親子依附關係的迴歸分析……………………69 表 5 -6 兒童知覺雙親衝突對親子依附關係的逐步迴歸分析………………69 表 5 -7 親子依附關係對兒童生活適應的迴歸分析…………………………70 表 5 -8 父親依附對兒童生活適應的逐步迴歸分析…………………………70 表 5 -9 母親依附對兒童生活適應的逐步迴歸分析…………………………71 表 5 -10 以父親依附為依變項、兒童知覺雙親衝突為自變項、兒童社會支 持為調節變項的階層迴歸分析………………………………………72 表 5 -11 以母親依附為依變項、兒童知覺雙親衝突為自變項、兒童社會支 持為調節變項的階層迴歸分析………………………………………73 表 5 -12 以兒童生活適應為依變項、父親依附為自變項、兒童社會支持為 調節變項的階層迴歸分析……………………………………………73 表 5 -13 以兒童生活適應為依變項、母親依附為自變項、兒童社會支持為 調節變項的階層迴歸分析……………………………………………73 表 5 -14 以父親依附為依變項、兒童知覺雙親衝突為自變項、兒童自我效 能為調節變項的階層迴歸分析………………………………………74 表 5 -15 以母親依附為依變項、兒童知覺雙親衝突為自變項、兒童自我效 能為調節變項的階層迴歸分析………………………………………74 表 5 -16 以兒童生活適應為依變項、父親依附為自變項、兒童自我效能為 調節變項的階層迴歸分析……………………………………………75 表 5 -17 以兒童生活適應為依變項、父親依附為自變項、兒童自我效能為 調節變項的階層迴歸分析……………………………………………75 / The purpose of this study is to discuss the role of parent-child attachment as a mediator in the relationship between child's perception of interparental conflict and child adjustment , and to investigate whether or not did social support and self-efficacy have buffering effects on the relationships between child's perception of interparental conflict and parent-child attachment, and between parent-child attachment and child adjustment Using 318 5th- and 6th- grade students in elementary school as subjects, researcher adopted six scales- The Children's Perception of Interparental Conflict Scale, Inventory of Father Attachment , Inventory of Mother Attachment , Social Support Scale, Questionnaire of Self-efficacy , and Inventory of Elementary School Students Adjustment- to measure subjects' scores in these variables (child's perception of interparental conflict, parent-child attachment, social support, self-efficacy and child adjustment ). Results indicated that parent-child attachment would mediate the relationship between child's perception of interparental conflict, and child adjustment. The buffering effect of social support was only showed in the relationship between child's perception of interparental conflict and father-child attachment. Self-efficacy didn't show any buffering effects. According to the results, interparental conflict had negative impact on parent-child attachment and child adjustment . Thus, parents should avoid showing conflict in a destructive way or display the conflict in a constructive way; that is, don't forget to be sensitive to and take care of child's feeling when parents are in conflict. There are no obvious buffering effects of social support and self-efficacy on the relationships between child's perception of interparental conflict and parent-child attachment and between parent-child attachment and child adjustment . To learn more on their relationships, further researches are needed.
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自我注意、正負向情緒、差距現象對憂鬱大學生之社交表現的影響探討 / The influence of self-focused attention, positive / negative affect and self-discrepancy in depressive college student's social behavior

李慧潔, Lee, Huei-Chei Unknown Date (has links)
臨床研究發現,提高自我注意容易提高個體的負向情緒,反之,提高負向情緒容易觸發個體的自我注意程度,而高自我注意、負向情緒又正是憂鬱者的主要特徵。由於高自我注意跟負向情緒具有負相關,再根據過去文獻分析,推論高自我注意跟負向情緒之間可能具有共變關係。 循著Carver & Scheier的自我調適理論、Pyszczynski & Greenberg的憂鬱者的自我調適維持理論、Higgins的自我落差理論等脈絡前行,並分析有關目標設定、自我效能、憂鬱者對自我表現之主觀感受、自我滿意度等研究後,發現憂鬱者內在傾向於設定自己無法達成的目標,因此容易產生「目標--現況之間具有落差」的現象。本研究主張,差距現象乃是憂鬱者之高自我注意、負向情緒關係的中介因素,並將差距現象區分為客觀差距(事前自我效能評估--目標設定)、主觀差距(事後自我效能評估--主觀感受)。這兩者可能影響自我注意、負向情緒之關係。基於研究興趣,再探討「事前自我效能評估--實際自我效能」差距與「事後自我效能評估--實際自我效能」差距,這兩者並不會影響自我注意、負向情緒之關係。 本研究為了解自我注意、負向情緒、差距現象三者之關係,針對輕度憂鬱、一般大學生,以社交表現(與陌生人初次之談話)為主題,設計兩個實驗,探討(一)自我注意、負向情緒是否具有共變關係。(二)輕度憂鬱大學生在社交方面是否具有差距現象。(三)輕度憂鬱大學生的差距現象,是否為自我注意、負向情緒之共變關係之中介因素。(四)輕度憂鬱大學生的實際社交表現是否受到差距現象的影響。 根據本研究的實驗結果發現: (一)輕度憂鬱大學生之自我注意與負向情緒之間具有負相關,但在實驗操弄的情況下,兩者並沒有明顯共變關係。 (二)輕度憂鬱大學生在社交表現方面,和一般大學生大致相同,沒有顯著的客觀、主觀差距現象。而造成差距現象不明顯的原因,在於憂鬱大學生的社交表現一樣好、一樣受歡迎。然而憂鬱大學生對自己表現之評分較一般大學生為差,顯示憂鬱大學生的社交自信不足。 (三)輕度憂鬱大學生之客觀、主觀差距現象不構成高自我注意與負向情緒之中介因素。然而,憂鬱大學生對自我表現的主觀評價與滿意度確實顯著低於一般大學生,顯出憂鬱者習慣自我貶低的特質。 (四)輕度憂鬱大學生之社交表現並不受客觀、主觀差距現象之影響。 (五)在「事前自我效能評估--實際自我效能」差距與「事後自我效能評估--實際自我效能」差距方面,憂鬱大學生之差距量皆顯著小於非憂鬱大學生,顯示自評的社交實力與實際社交實力仍稍有不同,且一般大學生對自評社交能力的高估情況較顯著,反映出社交自信較憂鬱大學生高。 由於實驗結果並不支持本研究之假設,探討其可能原因為: (一)受試者特性:本研究所抽樣之政大學生之憂鬱程度相當輕微,而且在社交表現上並不比同輩差,因此在社交上之差距現象不明顯,無法看出差距現象是否足以構成自我注意、負向情緒之中介因素。另外,不同受試者具有不同的先天自我注意傾向,可能影響實驗結果。 (二)自我注意的內涵:本實驗操弄之自我注意採用「編故事」方式進行,並不會引發個體的挫折,因此無法引起強烈情緒變動。 (三)實驗測量的問題:以實驗操弄雖能暫時改變個體之情緒與注意力,然而操弄所得的情緒與注意力很容易受到外在干擾而改變、或隨著時間變化而消退。 綜合以上結果與探討,對未來研究之建議如下: 建議未來針對憂鬱症狀較高之憂鬱者,選定不同的實驗作業,在受試者不知情的情況下,利用非紙筆類的測量工具,在數個時間點重覆測量情緒與注意力的變化,再度檢驗差距現象對憂鬱者「自我注意--負向情緒」之共變關係。

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