自負額之運用是保險人在承接業務時，掌控損失頻率與損失幅度的重要方法之一，適當的運用自負額可以穩定保險公司核保利潤營運績效，惟現行自負額仍有許多功能無法完全發揮，甚至造成實務上許多問題，故本文擬研究新型態自負額，以解決實務問題並發揮自負額之功能。 本文選擇以某產險公司實際理賠資料，探討新型態自負額的訂定方式對損失率結果之影響，另以問卷調查方式訪談六家保險公司核保及營業人員對於本文所述目前自負額制度優缺點及新型態自負額可行性之看法，結果顯示在問卷調查中本文所述目前自負額制度現況之優缺點及有關新型態自負額之可行性皆獲訪談者高度認同，在模擬實證上亦能達到對損失率影響不顯著之預期結果。 / Deductible is a key element for insurance companies to control loss frequency and loss severity. Appropriate deductible usage can stabilize underwriting profit for insurance companies. The constraints on present deductible conduct many problems in practice, so this paper proposes new-type deductible research to solve practical problem and develop optimal function of deductible. This article employs actual occurred loss database from one insurance company to study the impact on loss ratios with new-type deductible. Moreover, this paper also conducts qualitative interview survey approach to learn the viewpoints from underwriters and sales of six Taiwan insurance companies with merit and defect of present deductible and new-type deductible usage contained herein. The results show that merit and defect of present deductible and new-type deductible feasible contained herein is highly approved by interviewees. Besides, deductible usage is expected to have insignificant impact in increasing loss ratios through various case study simulations.

在社會與商業性健保之醫療保障不足的情形下，重大傷病的龐大醫療費用 與醫療費用的上漲仍可能致使社會大眾對於醫療費用有沉重的負擔，故本 文將藉由美國近年來快速成長的高額醫療費用保險以作為我國發展高額醫 療保障保險的參考；本文並將保險人為避免道德危險與控制醫療資源的浪 費的措施作一探討。本文共分為五個章節，第一章旨在說明本文之研究動 機、目的、方法、範圍與限制。第二章在說明美國高額醫療費用保險之起 源、意義、內容與其要點。第三章旨在說明影響高額醫療費用保險費計算 之因素，及其純保費、毛保費與準備金之計算公式。第四章旨在探討現今 我國社會保險與商業健康保險之給付內容，並就現有高額醫療費用保險保 單進行深入的瞭解；此外，並針對未來我國高額醫療費用保險之發展及限 制亦提供論述。第五章旨在就本文各章節研究之心得，作一總結；並對國 內的情況提出建議。

本文主要就懲罰性賠償金制度所產生之法律爭議及企業經營者、使用他人智慧財產權者等應採行之風險管理措施作一研究。 懲罰性賠償金雖源自於英國，但在美國蓬勃發展，故本文首先就美國懲罰性賠償金制度之內容及其發展過程中所衍生之爭論加以探討；其次，再將我國懲罰性賠償金制度予以定位，並對目前之相關立法加以說明，最後再就該制度實施後所引發之法律爭議---是否違憲？是否造成民事法與刑事法體制之紊亂？過失行為得否課與懲罰性賠償金？懲罰性賠償金是否具可保性等問題加以討論。 懲罰性賠償金制度雖基於保障消費者、智慧財產權所有者、投資大眾、防杜內部交易並確保公平競爭，而對於不法行為人課與懲罰性賠償金，來達到懲罰及嚇阻之效果，但此亦加重了企業經營者或其他個體之責任風險；因此，本文依循風險管理之步驟，逐一就我國現行懲罰性賠償金之立法提出損害防阻、損失抑制及風險理財等風險管理措施以資因應。

本篇論文首先以我國保險法當事人定位所產生之問題檢視我國營造綜合保險當事人之定位，以促使我國保險法與營造綜合保險在當事人定位之部分能相互融合，減少衝突。再來即以營造綜合保險基本條款第一章承保範圍中有關營造工程財物損失險之條文歷年變動就其保險期間、保險金額、損失賠償方式及自負額等議題，輔以營造綜合保險相關之特約條款、批單，以及德國慕尼黑再保險公司營造綜合保險之英文保單加以研究探討，以期能使我國營造工程財物損失險的條文內容能更佳完善，符合時代及業界所需。 / This paper is about the coverage of Contractors' All Risks Insurance, and mainly focused on the Material Damage of the Code of Contractors' All Risks Insurance. By observing the development of Contractors' All Risks Insurance policy in the context of its historical documents and relevant endorsements, it is found that the Code was influenced mainly by the Munich policy wording and still has some important problems to improve. Accordingly, this paper discusses the positions of the insurer, the insured, the applicant and the beneficiary in the Contractors' All Risks Insurance firstly. With regard to the Material Damage of Contractors' All Risks Insurance, some aspects of the coverage are examined. Then, the author suggests some proposals for solving the existing difficulties in the Coverage of Contractors' All Risks Insurance.