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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

價格設限對台灣股票市場交易量、波動性及均衡價格形成的影響

徐則謙 Unknown Date (has links)
一般來說,價格設限的存在,主要的目的是要防止市場因為投資人對資訊的過度反應,而有大幅波動的現象。撰寫本文的動機及目的,是要探討價格設限的合理性,及價格設限對股票市場的影響。檢定價格設限的存在是否能夠有效的抑制股價的波動,達到穩定市場的功能。 本文用計量方法,來衡量價格設限的功用,以及對股票市場產生的影響。首先,建立四個假說─效率市場假說(Market Efficiency Hypothesis)、波動度外溢假說(Volatility Spillover Hypothesis)、阻礙交易假說(Trading Interference Hypothesis)以及延遲均衡價格形成假說(Delay Price Discovery Hypothesis)。然後分別對四個假說進行檢定。發現,價格設限並無法有效的抑制股價的波動,股票價格的波動並沒有消失,只是遞延到下一期。而價格設限也會抑制碰觸價格設限當日的交易量,使交易量遞延到次一日。價格設限本身也會延遲價格達到均衡的時點,且無抑制過度反應(Over Reaction)的功能。 因此,在政策上,建議逐步放寬對股票市場的價格設限。使股票價格更能夠即時的反映市場資訊,增加股票市場的流動性及現貨市場與衍生性商品間的關聯性。 第一章、 緒論 1 第一節、 研究動機 1 第二節、 論文架構 4 第二章、 文獻探討 5 第一節、 波動性 5 第二節、 流動性 8 第三節、 效率性 9 第三章、 待驗證假說 12 第一節、 延遲均衡價格形成假說 13 第二節、 波動性外溢假說 15 第三節、 阻礙交易假說 17 第四節、 市場效率假說 19 第四章、 研究方法 23 第一節、 資料的選取 23 第二節、 延遲均衡價格形成假說 27 第三節、 波動性外溢假說 31 第四節、 阻礙交易假說 32 第五節、 市場效率假說 33 第六節、 變異數與交易量及價格設限間的關係 35 第五章、 實證結果 37 第一節、 延遲均衡價格形成假說 37 第二節、 波動性外溢假說 42 第三節、 阻礙交易假說 46 第四節、 市場效率假說 49 第五節、 變異數與交易量及價格設限間關係的檢定 51 第六章、 結論與未來研究方向 55 第一節、 結論 55 第二節、 研究限制 57 第三節、 未來研究方向 58
2

逐步應力加速型一區間設限下之允收抽樣計畫 / Acceptance Sampling Plans under Step-stress Test and Type Ⅰ Interval Censoring Data

陳信豪, Chen, Hsin-Hao Unknown Date (has links)
在壽命檢測試驗中,當我們因故或基於實驗上的方便無法連續觀察檢驗產品時,可以採用區間設限方式進行試驗,此外,對於許多長壽命的零件與產品,我們很難在試驗結束之前觀測到足夠的試驗單位死亡個數,此時可以採用加速壽命試驗的方式進行試驗,此種試驗方法可使受測的試驗單位提早故障,以有效地減少試驗所需的時間,並達到縮減成本的目的。本論文結合逐步應力加速試驗、型一設限以及區間設限,探討當產品壽命服從Rayleigh分配時,如何建立壽命檢驗計畫,在給定生產者風險與消費者風險下,求出壽命檢驗計畫所需的最小樣本數,以及判定貨批是否接受的壽命檢定臨界值,並將以上結果編製成表,以利實務界使用。 / In life test experiment we use interval censoring to complete it when we can not inspect the experiment units continuously due to some accidents or for convenience. Furthermore, it is difficult to obtain enough units of breakdown products for many long life components and products. At this moment we can adopt step-stress life test to proceed the experiment. Using this method we can make the test units breakdown early for reducing the time test needed effectively and save prime cost. In this thesis, acceptance sampling plans are established for Rayleigh lifetime data under step-stress and type I interval censoring scheme. The minimum sample sizes and the corresponding critical values of lifetime needed for test plans are found. Some tables are provided for the use of the proposed test plans.
3

從GATT論進口數量之限制:以我國紡織品出口配額為例

林獻群, LIN, XIAN-GUN Unknown Date (has links)
近幾年來,貿易設限已成為各國公共政策關心的對象。先進國家許多產業經常引用GA TT第十九條之「逃避條款」(Escape Clause )從而取得免受國外競爭之保護。另外 以雙邊談判模式進行之「自動出口設限」(Voluntary Export Restraints )亦是先 進國家為規避GATT監視所為之設限方式。此類保護措施通常以進口數量限制方式出現 而對開發中國家之經濟發展造成莫大的損害。本文即對此二方式之進口設限加以研究 ,並以「多邊纖維協定」(Mutifiber Arrangement )下之紡織品貿易,說明紡織品 數量限制對我國所產生之影響。 全文共分五章,第一章緒論,說明研究動機與範圍。第二章敘述進口數量限制之性質 及其經濟效果。第三章以法律觀點論述GATT逃避條款之運作及其與自動出口設限之關 係。第四章就紡織品貿易數量限制為例。說明多邊纖維協定之主要內容,藉以討論我 國的紡織品貿易問題。第五章為結論與建議。
4

國家考試性別設限之研究 / A Study of Gender Limitation on National Examination

簡名祥 Unknown Date (has links)
自世界有萬物以來,即存在「雌、雄」二性,人類亦有「男、女」性別上的差異。我國古代社會的結構,以士、農、工、商為基礎,隋煬帝開科取士,確認了「士」的地位,而「士」則為社會的高階層,他們對社會具有極大的影響力,不但可以影響政治,而且也可以左右大眾的社會生活,因此,人人都想成為士的階級,士子應試,除其本身的基礎條件外,並無任何因素剝奪其應試的權益,「寒窗苦讀無人問,一舉成名天下知」,布衣可以為卿相,是為最佳寫照。 經由國家舉辦考試選任政府官員,可說是中國政治制度的最大特色,我國古代因受傳統宗法制度影響,男尊女卑,可說毫無兩性平權意識,即便科舉制度亦多以男性為對象,女性可謂與科舉考試絕緣。國家考試性別設限政策並非今日獨創,其可上溯隋唐,自隋、唐、宋、元、明、清至民國18年可稱為「性別設限黑暗期」。民國18年至36年由於考試法公布,不再以年齡及性別作為應考的基本條件,女性開始取得參加國家考試之機會,本時期可謂「性別設限曙光期」。民國36年施行憲法後,考試法亦於民國37年修正公布,明定國家考試以高等考試及普通考試為主,遇有錄取不足時始以特種考試為輔,從行憲迄今以來,國家考試甄補初任公務員之主要管道,即高普考試與特種考試,高普考試無性別設限,特種考試則依業務性質,由限制女性報考→分定男女錄取名額→大部分特考性別不拘,性別設限政策係在各界呼籲改進與磨合中,逐步遞演而來,故本時期可謂「性別設限磨合期」。 國外先進國家如美國、英國、徳國等,其公務人員之招募均未有性別限制。我國公務人員高等、普通及初等考試雖亦未有性別限制,但特種考試則基於業務性質設有性別限制,雖然在近19種特種考試中,迄民國94年底僅餘國家安全情報人員特考、調查人員特考、海巡人員特考、基層行政警察及消防人員特考、司法人員特考之監獄官、監所管理員、法警類科與原住民族特考之監所管理員類科等6項考試,仍定有性別設限,或限制女性報考、或分定男女需用、錄取名額。但上述6項特種考試,其性別設限是否合理、合法,本文乃就考選理論、兩性差異、性別角色、就業理論、平等理論及美國、英國、日本及我國兩性工作平權相關法制等面向加以探討,並就國家考試性別設限現況與國內外性別歧視案例等,作綜合整理分析,發現國家考試性別設限對男性有利、用人機關確實有用人困境,且目前用人機關性別設限之理由,除基於分監管理需要之監所管理人員及派赴中東地區人員外,其餘很難通過兩性工作平等法之檢核,形成實務面與法規面之執行落差,針對研究發現本文亦提出未來展望及研究建議,俾提供相關機關在兩性平權觀念、法規修正及政策執行等面向之參考。 關鍵詞(keyword):國家考試、性別設限、兩性平權 / Since the earliest origins of life, the distinction of male and female genders has been a characteristic of nature that is manifested in the human race as well. The social structure of ancient China was founded on its division into classes of scholars, farmers, workers and merchants, and when the Sui Dynasty Emperor Yangdi (569-618) initiated the “keju” imperial examination system, members of the scholar class were automatically favored, and these scholars came to represent the upper class of society. They exerted great influence, not only in terms of governance but also in many ways upon the everyday lives of the populace, and many thus aspired to join the ranks of the scholar class. No factors other than a candidate’s personal aptitude restricted the rights of all to challenge the examinations. Indeed, the cherished image of a penniless peasant rising to the heights of state is expressed in the well-known aphorism, “No one calls at the cold window where the candidate studies long, But let him pass and all will praise his name, his fame, in song”. The selection of government officials through examinations is perhaps the most unique feature of China’s political systems. Under the influence of ancient China’s clan system, however, which strongly favored men over women, there was no consciousness of gender equality, and only men took these examinations. It is fair to say that women were absolutely excluded. The notion of gender inequality in national examinations is thus not a modern phenomenon but one which can be traced forward through the Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties until as recently as the 18th Year of the Republic (1929), a period we can call the ‘Dark Age’ of gender-based restrictions. The period from 1929, when the Examinations Act promulgated that year removed age and gender restrictions as part of eligibility criteria, through until 1947 can be called a ‘Period of Awakening’, as women began to avail themselves of the opportunity to take the examinations The Constitution of the Republic of China that came into force in 1947, and the Examinations Act as amended the following year, named the Senior and Junior examinations as the principal instruments of the system, and stipulated that where these did not supply an adequate number of qualifiers for various needs, Special examinations should be conducted. Since that time, national examinations have been the principal source of new recruits to the Civil Service, and while no gender restrictions apply in the Senior and Junior examinations, they are to be found in the terms of various Special examinations, in keeping with the nature of the work the examination addresses. These restrictions are manifested in various ways, from outright denial of female candidacies, to varying quotas for male and female qualifiers, to no gender restriction whatsoever. Under increasing social pressure, policies of gender limitation have gradually eroded, and this most recent period can be termed one of ‘Gender Restriction Erosion.” Civil service recruitment in Western countries such as the USA, the UK, Germany etc. is not touched by gender restrictions, and Taiwan’s Senior, Junior and Elementary examinations are similarly free of any gender-based eligibility criteria. Such criteria do exist, however, for various of Taiwan’s Special Examinations in view of the specialized nature of some of the occupations they address. Specifically, six of Taiwan’s nineteen Special Examinations feature gender restrictions of some type. These are the Special Examinations for National Security Personnel, for Agents of the Investigation Bureau, for Coast Guard Personnel, and for Entry-Level Administrative and Firefighting Police Officers, as well as the prison guard and bailiff categories of the Judicial Officers examination, and the prison guard category of the Special Examination for Indigenous Peoples. The nature of the restrictions varies from outright exclusion of female candidacies, to gender-based quotas for qualifiers and persons employed. It is the objective of this paper to explore, from the perspectives of examination and recruitment theory, gender differences, gender attributes, employment theory and equality theory whether the gender restrictions of these six Special Examinations are justifiable and legitimate. Gender equality law in the USA, the UK, Japan and Taiwan is also studied in this context. The paper presents an analysis of prevailing gender restrictions in national examinations and case studies of gender discrimination both in Taiwan and abroad, and observes that while gender restrictions in these examinations are to the advantage of males, employing agencies have trouble finding suitable personnel. It is further observed that the reasons cited for current gender restrictions, with the exception of where supervisory duties are designated by sex as in prisons, or where individuals are sent to represent Taiwan in Middle-Eastern countries, are difficult to reconcile with the provisions of Taiwan’s Gender Equality in Employment Act, and lead to ‘enforcement gaps’ between the letter of the law and its actual implementation. The paper posits future developments in this area and proposes further areas of research for reference by concerned agencies in the contexts of gender equality per se, amendments to laws and implementation of policy. Keywords: national examinations, gender restrictions, gender equality
5

自尊程度、自尊不穩定性、自我設限與三種拖延習慣的關係

李奇姜 Unknown Date (has links)
拖延習慣是相當普遍的行為現象,許多研究認為害怕失敗是人們產生拖延行為的主要原因之一。而害怕失敗的想法往往與個人的自我評價有關。因此本研究的主要目的是想要暸解自尊程度與三種拖延習慣的關係。進一步地,自尊程度對三種拖延習慣的關係是否會受到自尊不穩定性或自我設限傾向的影響。其次,本研究結果亦欲了解三種拖延習慣與拖延後情緒習慣的關係。 本研究採用問卷法,共298位有效受訪者參加,男生佔總人數的66.4%,女生佔總人數的33.6%,受訪者主要來源為國立政治大學與私立大華技術學院的大學部學生。受訪者填寫Rosenberg自尊量表、自尊不穩定性量表、學校生活問卷、拖延習慣量表以及拖延後情緒習慣量表。研究結果如下: 1.自尊程度與三種拖延習慣有顯著相關。其中自尊程度與個人性拖延習慣或社會性拖延習慣有顯著負相關;而與非拖延習慣有顯著正相關。 2.性別、年齡等人口變項在個人性拖延習慣上無顯著差異,但在社會性拖延習慣上有顯著差異。 3.有將近70%的受訪者認為自己有拖延習慣,而將近80%的受訪者認為拖延習慣會造成困擾。但對於社會性拖延習慣,受訪者認為並不一定會造成困擾。 4.對低自尊程度者而言,自尊不穩定性會增強個人性拖延習慣,有顯著的調節效果;但在社會性拖延習慣上並未發現其調節效果。 5.自我設限對個人性拖延習慣與社會性拖延習慣皆有顯著的預測力,但在本研究中並未發現自我設限對自尊程度與拖延習慣之間有調節效果。 6.自尊程度與自我設限對拖延習慣或非拖延習慣皆有顯著的預測力,表示如果想要降低拖延習慣或是增加不拖延的習慣,那麼可以朝降低自我設限傾向或提升自尊程度的方向來努力。 7.不論是否具有拖延習慣,對拖延後情緒習慣皆有顯著相關。若考量關聯性強度,具有個人性拖延習慣的人容易出現負向情緒以及沒差別的感受;而具有社會性拖延習慣的人容易出現沒差別的感受;平時沒有拖延習慣的人對於偶爾的拖延行為會比較在意,而且也容易出現負向情緒。 最後說明本研究的結果討論、研究的限制與建議,以及未來研究方向。
6

設限與截斷資料Weibull模式之研究 / A Weibull-based proportional hazards model for arbitrarily censored and truncated data

黃偉傑, Huang, Wei-Jie Unknown Date (has links)
成比例危險迴歸模式常被用於分析存活資料,Weibull模式更是其中惟一兼具加速失敗特性者。本論文將利用兩種分析方法,以研究任意設限及截斷資料的Weibull迴歸模式。第一種方法是利用最大概似估計法求算設限及截斷資料下的參數估計值(MLE),第二種方法則是對左設限及區間設限分別以所在區間之中點代入,稱其為中點估計法,再求算模式中的參數估計值(MDE)。並對此兩種估計方法進行比較。模擬結果顯示,相當地大樣本之下,最大概似估計法在許多情況均優於中點估計法;而在樣本少、危險率為平穩或接近平穩且區間設限比率約為0.5時,中點估計法是可被推薦的。而且,本論文亦提出對設限及截斷資料的Weibull模式之適合度檢驗程序。 / The proportional hazards regression model is most commonly used model for lifetime data. The Weibull model is the only parametric model which has both a proportional hazards representation and an accelerated failure-time representation. This paper studies the use of a Weibull-based proportional hazards regression model when any censored and truncated data are observed. Two alternative methods of analysis are considered. First, the maximum likelihood estimates(MLEs) of parameters are computed for the observed censoring and truncation pattern. Second, the estimates where midpoints are substituted for left- and interval-censored data(midpoint estimation, MDE)are computed. Then, MLEs are compared with MDEs. Simulation studies indicate that for relative large samples there are many instances when the MLE is superior to the MDE. For small samples where the hazard rate is flat or nearly so, and the percentage of interval-censored data is nearly half of samples, the MDE is adequate. Also, an evaluation of the adequacy of the Weibull model for any censored and truncated data is proposed.
7

外顯內隱自尊的落差現象與自我設限 / Discrepancies between explicit and implicit self esteem: Implication on self handicapping

張玉萍, Chang, Yu Pin Unknown Date (has links)
自我設限是指人們因為害怕失敗帶來傷害,或想要在成功時更顯得自己特別優異的方法。本研究主要探討不同類型自尊者使用不同自我設限行為的狀況。受試者接收數學能力的正向評價回饋後,即接受壓力或練習效果對測驗表現是否有影響的操弄指導語,在4組(策略暗示:宣稱、行為、宣稱與行為,控制組)實驗設計中,研究者測量所有受試者的宣稱策略使用程度、練習時間與練習題數,研究進行中亦錄影其非口語焦慮行為。研究結果有六大發現:(1)內隱自尊與外顯自尊無關,表示它們是不同的構念;(2)情境對宣稱式自我設限有主要效果:接受宣稱式自我設限會影響表現訊息的人,他們的宣稱策略使用程度明顯比無接受訊息者來得高;(3)外顯自尊與情境對行為式自我設限有交互作用效果:當暗示其練習效果會影響表現時,高外顯自尊者比低外顯自尊者有較少的練習行為,會比較容易有行為式自我設限的表現出現;(4)內隱自尊對宣稱式自我設限亦有主要效果:低內隱自尊者比高內隱自者會比較傾向使用宣稱性自我設限,容易表達出他注意力不集中、有壓力等口語訊息;(5)外顯與內隱自尊對宣稱式自我設限有交互作用效果:高外顯/低內隱自尊者(威脅性自尊者)比高外顯/高內隱自尊者(安全性自尊者)容易使用宣稱式的自我設限策略;(6) 外顯與內隱自尊對非口語焦慮行為頻率有交互作用效果:高外顯/低內隱自尊者(威脅性自尊者)比高外顯/高內隱自尊者(安全性自尊者)表現出更多的不安、緊張等臉部與行為的表情。研究中亦嘗試討論情境、內隱自尊、外顯自尊對宣稱式自我設限的三因子交互作用,與兩類自尊各自在不同情境中的主要效果。
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大學生防禦性悲觀、拖延、自我設限及因應策略對幸福感影響之探討 / The Relationships among defensive-pessimism, active-procrastination, self-handicapping, coping-strategy and well-being of college students

郭俊豪, Kuo, Chun Hao Unknown Date (has links)
本研究主要目的在探討有學業上拖延習慣的大學生之「防禦性悲觀」、「主動性拖延」、「自我設限」、「因應策略」對「幸福感」影響之探討。依此目的,本研究先探討不同背景變項的大學生在「防禦性悲觀」、「主動性拖延」、「自我設限」、「因應策略」及「幸福感」的差異情形,並建構「防禦性悲觀、主動性拖延、自我設限、因應策略對幸福感影響」之模式。研究採問卷調查法,以台灣15所大學922位有拖延習慣的大學生為對象。並以隨機方式將之分為兩組,用以驗證模式及探究不同背景變項的受試在各研究變項上的差異。研究工具包括防禦性悲觀量表、主動性拖延量表、自我設限量表、因應策略量表、及幸福感量表。資料分析方法為因素分析、信度分析、t考驗、單因子變異數分析及結構方程模式。 / 本研究以第一組樣本探討初始模式與觀察資料間的適配情形,並依據修正指標及相關理論進行模式修正,修正後的模式與資料適配後,再以第二組樣本驗證模式的穩定性,經驗證後模式具相當穩定性。   主要研究結果如下: 一、在背景變項方面:(一)不同性別有拖延習慣的大學生在「防禦性悲觀」、「自我設限」及「幸福感」等方面都有顯著差異。(二)不同年級有拖延習慣的大學生在「主動性拖延」及「幸福感」等方面都有顯著差異。 二、在模式方面:(一)防禦性悲觀對幸福感有負向直接效果;(二) 主動性拖延對自我設限有正向直接效果;(三)自我設限對因應策略有負向直接效果;(四) 自我設限對幸福感有正向直接效果;(五)因應策略對幸福感有正向直接效果。(六)主動性拖延經由自我設限及因應策略的中介影響而對幸福感有正向效果。   最後,根據研究結果,針對個人、學校輔導單位及未來相關研究提出建議,以供參考。 / The main purpose of this research was to study the relationships among Defensive-pessimism, Active-procrastination, Self-handicapping, Coping-strategy and Well-being of college student who had the habit of procrastination. The researcher first investigated the differences in terms of “Defensive-pessimism”, “Active-procrastination”, “Self-handicapping”, “Coping-strategy” and “Well-being” among the participants who had the different background variables, also studied the relationships among Defensive-pessimism, Active-procrastination, Self-handicapping, Coping-strategy and Well-being of college students who had the habit of procrastination by using the model of “The relationships among Defensive-pessimism, Active-procrastination, Self-handicapping, Coping-strategy and Well-being.” The study employed five questionnaires to collect data . The participants of the study were 922 Taiwan college students who had the habit of academic procrastination from 15 universities, and were randomly divided into two groups, to test model and study the differences in regards of different research variables among the participants who had the different background variables. The participants were evaluated by Defensive-pessimism scale, Active-procrastination scale, Self-handicapping scale, Coping-strategy scale, and Well-being scale. The data were analyzed by factor analysis, Cronbach α analysis, t-test,one-way ANOVA and SEM. / The initial models tested by group one did not fit well with the observed data. Therefore, applying the modification index and the theories, the researcher modified the model till the model fit the observed data, then tested the models’ stability by group two, and came to confirm the stability of model. The researcher found the model fit the observed data, and could effectively explain the relationships among the variables. The main results of this study were as follows: First, about the background variables: 1.The scores of “defensive-pessimism”, “self-handicapping”, and “well-being” had the differences between boys and girls. 2. The scores of “active-procrastination” and “well-being” had the differences between difference grades. Second, about the model: 1. Defensive-pessimism could directly negative affect well-being. 2. Active-procrastination could directly affect self-handicapping. 3. Self-handicapping could directly negative affect coping-strategy. 4. Self-handicapping could directly affect well-being. 5. Coping-strategy could directly affect well-being. 6. Active-procrastination could through the self-handicapping and coping-strategy to affect he well-being. Finally, based on the results of the study, the researcher made some further suggestions for individuals, school counseling and future researchers.
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性別刻板印象威脅與自我設限

邱蜀娟, Chiu, Shu-chuan Unknown Date (has links)
刻板印象威脅效果是指當個人在面臨與其能力有關的負向刻板印象時,會有測驗表現不佳的現象,由於國內尚未有刻板印象威脅的相關研究出現,過去相關的刻板印象威脅研究對自我設限策略也少有探究,對於使用自我設限策略後是否讓自己表現不佳的風險更高亦少探討。因此,本研究除了探究個人在威脅情境中的「測驗表現」外,他(她)在情境中的「自我設限策略」之因應行為、及其自我設限策略的使用對測驗表現的影響亦是本研究關注的議題。 本研究為3(刻板印象威脅:威脅組女性、無威脅組女性、威脅組男性)×4(自我設限線索:宣稱組、行為組、宣稱行為組、以及不告知組)的實驗設計。其中,在刻板印象威脅部分,威脅組受試被告知「男性在此測驗中的表現比較好」,無威脅組受試被告知「男、女性的數學表現無差異」。在設限線索部分,宣稱組受試被告知「宣稱性自我設限對測驗表現有負向影響」,行為組受試被告知「行為性自我設限線索對測驗表現有負向影響」,宣稱行為組受試被告知「宣稱性與行為性自我設限皆對測驗表現有負向影響」。主要依變項有三:數學測驗分數、練習題的答題數目(行為性自我設限之指標)、宣稱性自我設限問卷分數(宣稱性自我設限之指標)。研究對象採用國立政治大學的大學女生158名與男生75名。 研究結果發現,不論設限線索的有效與否,處於威脅情境中的女性受試幾乎都比較傾向使用「宣稱性自我設限策略」以進行因應,其測驗表現也較差。另外,在威脅情境中,自尊越低的女性受試越傾向使用「宣稱性自我設限策略」。但不同「刻板印象威脅」組別的受試在測驗表現上無差異,亦即刻板印象威脅效果的現象並未在本研究獲得驗證,而各組在「行為性自我設限」的使用上亦無顯著差異。最後,研究者針對上述結果進行討論,並對本研究的限制與對未來研究的建議提出說明。
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我國公務人員考績制度運作中主管考核行為之研究: 以新北市一級機關業務主管為例 / A Study of Performance Appraisal Behavior of Supervisory Officials:The Case of First- Level Government Agencies in New Taipei City

曾玟儀, Tseng, Wen Yi Unknown Date (has links)
目前我國公務人員考績制度中的「考列甲等比率設限」措施,乃係考試院為改善公務人員考績長期以來評價浮寬(rating inflation)現象所為,然此舉卻使考核者深感打考績是一項沉重的行政負擔,而改以「均賞少罰」心態,對受考核者核予偏離實際工作表現的評價,導致考績綜覈名實、信賞必罰的績效管理功能嚴重失靈。故本研究以新北市政府一級機關業務單位為研究對象,探討渠等在「考列甲等比率設限」措施下,是否具有按受考核者客觀工作表現作出排序的能力,及影響渠等依此做出適當績效評價意願的因素。 本研究採用深度訪談法,藉由Park於2014年提出的公部門考核者動機模型,抽取與本文研究興趣有關的因素後,重新歸納建構本研究的分析模型,並以此模型內所用分析元素作為訪談設計、資料蒐集、分析的依據。研究後得出以下結論:(一)考核者具有考評能力,且辦理考績的過程乃是一個具有時間序列概念的動態性過程;(二)所感受到的課責強度將視來源而異且具有正、負面效果;(三)誘因設計牽動考核者動機與相應考核策略;(四)業務性質將影響考核動機與考核策略二者間之關係;(五)現行考績制度對積極管理作用是有限的。 綜上,本研究提出三項建議:(一)授權各主管機關視整體施政目標及業務特性研訂考績評比及平時考核指標;(二)考績辦理方式多元化,藉由增列「優等」及透過團體績效評核等方式,發揮獎賞及汰劣功能;(三)賦予考核者更多權力,透過允許機關作出更具多元化的裁量或對制度設計擁有較多的自我控制,以增加考核者管理工具並發揮考績積極管考功能。

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