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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
51

通貨膨脹與資本累積 -- 兩部門成長模型 / Inflation and Capital Accumulation --- A Two-Sector Growth Model

張曉峰, Hsiao Feng Chang Unknown Date (has links)
本文主要是應用一內生性成長模型, 以先持有現金(Cash-in-Advance)限 制引入貨幣, 討論長期經濟成長率與貨幣成長率間的關係.
52

台灣通貨替代的實證研究 / Currency Substitution in Taiwan

邱琇玲, Chiu, Hsiu Ling Unknown Date (has links)
自從1973年主要工業國家紛紛放棄可調整固定匯率制度,改採浮動匯率以來,通貨替代的命題一直是許多國家注意的焦點。其主要的影響可分為下列二方面來說明:   1.通貨替代的存在,將引起匯率的大幅波動。   2.通貨替代的存在,將一國的貨幣干擾傳遞至其它國家,造成國際間各國貨幣政策有相依性,降低當局控制本國貨幣的自主性。   本文嘗試以資產組合相對報酬率之觀念,建立短期動態通貨替代實證模型,利用民國68年2月至民國83年12月之月資料,來探討台灣是否存在"通貨替代"的現象。得到下列的結論:   1.在整個樣本期間的估計結果,我們獲得解釋變數的係數符號與理論要求一致,且係數估計值顯著,而殘差項亦大致符合OLS基本假設中的規定。   2.從半彈性的估計值中,我們發現:M1A與美元的持有比例對實際匯率變動率之半彈性估計值,顯然比M1B與美元的持有比例對實際匯率變動率之半彈性估計值為大,這表示當匯率變動率發生變化時,人們較易改變其M1A與美元間的通貨組合。   由以上的結果,本文得到台灣的確存在"通貨替代"的現象。
53

長期通貨膨脹與資本累積 --- 一個兩部門現金限制模型 / Long-Run Inflation And Capital Stock In A Two-Sector Cash-in-Advance Economy

許玉美, Yiu-Mei Shu Unknown Date (has links)
本文主要目的,在建立一個現金限制(CIA)的兩部門貨幣成長模型。在模 型裡,不同財貨間的邊際技術的轉換率是內生決定的。完全預期的通貨膨 脹會改變財貨間的相對價格,因其受制於現金限制式不同,因此通貨膨脹 經由此管道,在不同的兩部門生產要素移轉的投入,會致使資本累積改變 。
54

通貨膨脹率指標與內生成長:小型開放經濟的分析 / Inflation Targeting and Endogenous Growth: An Analysis of Small Open Economy

王敬惟, Wang, Ching Wei Unknown Date (has links)
本文建立一個小型開放經濟的內生成長模型,並且以貨幣進入生產函數的方式,將貨幣引入經濟體系。據此,我們分別探討勞動外生及勞動內生的狀況下,央行以釘住通貨膨脹率作為貨幣政策,民眾的信念是否可以造成景氣的波動,並探討央行採行未預料到的貨幣政策及預料到的貨幣政策會如何影響經濟體系相關變數的成長率。   根據本文的分析,我們發現在勞動外生的狀況下,通貨膨脹率與Tobin q值呈現負向關係,由此我們可以推論,提高通貨膨脹率目標將對經濟成長率造成負面的影響。當央行採取通貨膨脹率指標作為貨幣政策時,經濟體系呈現均衡的確定性,表示民眾的信念不會造成景氣的波動。若央行調整通貨膨脹率目標時,名目貨幣供給成長率和通貨膨脹率呈現不同比例的變動,且變動方向不確定,需端視實質餘額成長率下降的效果與通貨膨脹率調整的效果何者較大才可決定。在政策宣示的部分,宣告期間的長短僅影響經濟成長率、實質資本成長率及實質貨幣餘額成長率的跳動幅度,不影響動態調整路徑的形狀。   在勞動內生化的狀況下,通貨膨脹率增減不影響Tobin q值的變動,故提高通貨膨脹率目標不會影響經濟成長率。當央行採取通貨膨脹率指標作為貨幣政策,勞動需求線斜率大於勞動供給線斜率時,經濟體系呈現均衡的不確定性,表示民眾的信念可以造成景氣的波動在央行調整通貨膨脹率目標時,名目貨幣供給成長率和通貨膨脹率呈現同方向、同比例變動。最後,政策宣示部分,政策宣告期間的長短會造成經濟成長率、實質資本成長率及實質貨幣餘額成長率呈現不同的動態調整路徑。
55

開放性、犧牲比率與通貨膨脹:工具變數分量迴歸模型之應用 / Openness, sacrifice ratio, and inflation: application of instrumental variable quantile regression

侯俊宇, Hou, Jun Yu Unknown Date (has links)
開放性與通貨膨脹之間的關係一直是總體經濟學中重要的議題。Romer (1993) 使用 Kydland and Prescott (1977) 和 Barro and Gordan (1983) 的模型進行分析,發現開放性增加會使的降低背離法則的誘因。本篇論文使用 Galvao (2008), Galvao and Montes-Rojas (2009), 和 Harding and Lamarche (2009) 的追蹤資料工具變數分量回歸模型進行分析,同時也以實證分析開放性和犧牲比率之間的關係。在考慮的開放性的內生性之後,我們發現在通膨越高的國家其開放性的影響越大,動態不一致性也越嚴重。 / The relationship between openness and inflation is an important issue in macroeconomics. Romer (1993) uses the models of Kydland and Prescott (1977) and Barro and Gordan (1983) to argue that greater openness will reduce the policymakers' incentive to deviate from the rule. Cukierman, Webb, and Neyapti (1992) and Romer (1993) have an idea that countries with less political stability have a higher probability to violate the pre-committed monetary policies. In addition, as proposed by Romer (1993), the openness may be endogenous when analyzing the relationship between openness and inflation. Thus, we apply instrumental variable quantile regression for panel data proposed by Galvao (2008), Galvao and Montes-Rojas (2009), and Harding and Lamarche (2009) to test whether or not the negative effects of openness is stronger when inflation is higher. We also do the empirical work between openness and the sacrifice ratio to test the mechanism that openness affects inflation established by Romer (1993). After dealing with the potential endogeneity of openness, we find that when the inflation is higher the negative effect of openness is stronger. As the argument of Romer (1993), our empirical results show that the time inconsistency problem is more serious in countries with higher inflation. But our empirical results show that the effect of openness on the sacrifice ratio is positive which is different from the mechanism established by Romer (1993).
56

財政赤字會造成通貨膨脹嗎?動態追蹤資料的分量迴歸分析 / Is fiscal deficit inflationary? A dynamic panel quantile analysis

朱浩榜, Chu, Hao Pang Unknown Date (has links)
經濟理論認為,長期持續的財政赤字將會因貨幣融通而造成通貨膨脹,而且通膨越高的經濟體越容易受到赤字的影響。本文依照Catao and Terrones (2005)的理論模型,以狹義貨幣衡量財政赤字的規模,並據此檢驗1960到2006年間91個國家赤字與通貨膨脹的關係。本文使用Lin (2010)的分量迴歸方法,藉以估計在不同通膨水準下赤字的影響,並且允許兩者之間的動態調整。實證結果發現:當通膨越高,赤字造成的影響將越嚴重;若通膨在低水準,赤字則影響很弱、甚至不會造成任何影響。因此,當通膨越高的時候,維持財政紀律將越能有效達成物價穩定。這層赤字與通膨間關係不會因為考量了其他變數而有所改變。此外,赤字通常在開發中國家影響較強,尤其是在高通膨的時候。最後,在1990到2006年間,卻沒有發現赤字具有任何的通膨效果。 / In economic theory, sustained fiscal deficits might cause inflation by means of money creation, and the economy in a higher inflation level would be more strongly impacted by an increase in deficits. Following the theoretical model of Cat\~{a}o and Terrones (2005), I scaled fiscal deficits by narrow money stock and examined the deficit-inflation relationship in 91 countries from 1960 to 2006. A dynamic panel quantile regression of Lin (2010) was employed, which can estimate the impact of fiscal deficits at various inflation levels and allows for a dynamic adjustment. The empirical results show that fiscal deficits will be more serious as inflation rises, and weakly or not related to inflation if it is at a low level. Therefore, fiscal consolidation would be more effective in price stabilization the higher the inflation. Moreover, the results remain robust while taking other possibly inflation-related factors into consideration. Furthermore, the impact of fiscal deficits on inflation is generally greater in developing countries, particularly when inflation is at a high level. Finally, the inflationary effect of deficits is not detected over 1990--2006.
57

薪資所得與通貨膨脹不確定性於確定提撥退休金計畫 / Hedging Labor Income Inflation Uncertainties through Capital Market in Defined Contribution Pension Schemes

黃雅文, Hwang Ya-wen Unknown Date (has links)
本文於確定提撥退休金制度下,探討基金經理人如何決定最適資產策略規避薪資所得及通貨膨脹之不確定風險,求得期末財富效用期望值極大化。本研究首先擴展Battocchio與Menoncin (2004)所建構之資產模型,我們不僅探討來自市場之風險,同時考量薪資所得、通貨膨脹與費用率之不確定性,研究其對最適資產配置行為的影響,建構隨機控制模型,以動態規劃方法求解Hamiltonian方程式,研究結果顯示,我們可利用五項共同基金分離定理來描述投資人之最適投資決策:短期市場基金、狀態變數避險基金、薪資所得避險基金、通貨膨脹避險基金與現金部位。數值結果顯示,股票持有部位中通貨膨脹避險基金佔有最大的成份,債券持有部位中通貨膨脹避險基金與狀態變數避險基金佔有最大的成份。 關鍵字:確定提撥、薪資的不確定性、通貨膨脹、隨機控制、動態規劃 / In this study, we investigate the portfolio selection problem in order to hedge the labor income and inflation uncertainties for defined contribution (DC) pension schemes. First, we extend the previous work of Battocchio and Menoncin (2004) that allowed the state variables (i.e., the risks from the financial market) and a set of stochastic processes to describe the inflation, labor income and expense uncertainties. A five-fund separation theorem is derived to characterize the optimal investment strategy for DC pension plans to hedge the labor income and the inflation risks. Second, by solving the Hamiltonian equation in the three-asset framework, we show that the optimal portfolio consists of five components: the myopic market portfolio, the hedge portfolio for the state variables, the hedge portfolio for the inflation risk, the hedge portfolio for the labor income uncertainty and the riskless asset. Then we explicitly solve the optimal portfolio problem. Finally, the numerical results indicate that the inflation hedge portfolio comprises the overwhelming proportion of stock holdings in the optimal portfolios. In addition, the inflation hedge portfolio and the state variable hedge portfolio constitute the overwhelming proportions of bond holdings. Keywords: defined contribution; salary uncertainty; inflation; stochastic control; dynamic programming.
58

匯率轉嫁效果-動態追蹤資料的分量迴歸分析 / Exchange rate pass-through into inflation: a dynamic panel Quantile analysis

李婉璘, Li, Wan Lin Unknown Date (has links)
開放經濟中,匯率可以透過競爭效果及進口型的通貨膨脹抬升價格,或藉由資產負債效果造成通貨緊縮。本文依循 Carranza et al. (2009) 的實證模型,控制美元化程度的影響,並使用Lin (2010) 的動態分量迴歸方法,針對1974Q1-2010Q4期間80個國家,檢驗不同通貨膨脹水準下的匯率轉嫁效果。總體而言,通膨愈高的時候,匯率貶值的擴張效果愈強;但當通膨降低,其強度也隨之減弱。此結果在考慮其他解釋變數或不同貶值情形後仍維持穩健。而當進一步檢視不同國家或期間的匯率轉嫁效果,匯率對通貨膨脹的正向效果,在中低所得國家中普遍較強,但在1995年後減弱,甚至轉為負向。Taylor(2000)的假說,得以在本文大部分的實證結果中證實。 / In an open economy, exchange rate could either increase prices by competitiveness effect and imported inflation, or be disinflationary through the balance-sheet effect. Controlling for the impact induced by the degree of dollarization, I follow the empirical model of Carranza et al. (2009) with a wide panel of 80 countries over 1974Q1-2010Q4. The exchange rate pass-through is investigated at various inflation levels in a dynamic panel quantile analysis suggested by Lin (2010). In general, exchange rate depreciation is more inflationary the higher inflation levels, but the magnitude of pass-through is reduced as inflation become lower. Also, the results are robust with respect to add other explanatory variables or take the depreciation cases into account. Furthermore, to investigate the pass-through across countries or periods, the positive impact of exchange rate on inflation is greater in middle- and low-income countries, but declines and even becomes negative after 1995. The hypothesis in Taylor (2000) is thus confirmed in most part of our empirical results.
59

內生成長與通膨率目標政策: 封閉經濟的分析 / Endogenous growth and inflation rate targeting policy in a closed economy

邱奕棟 Unknown Date (has links)
本文引用Zhang(1996)和Suen and Yip(2005)提出的貨幣具有降低交易成本的特性,建構封閉經濟體的貨幣內生成長模型,分別探討在投資有或沒有調整成本的情況下,政府採取釘住通貨膨脹目標政策對於經濟成長的影響,以及經濟體系的安定性。 本文的結論可以歸納為:(1)當投資不具有調整成本時,政府調高目標通膨率會使得經濟成長率下降,且經濟體系呈現確定性;(2)當投資調整成本時,政府調高目標通膨率也會使得經濟成長率下降,但經濟體系卻呈現不確定性。 / This thesis sets up a monetary endogenous growth model for a closed economy, in which monetary authorities implement a monetary policy of inflation rate targeting. The main feature of the model is that, in line with Zhang (1996) and Suen and Yip (2005), money plays a role to facilitate transactions of output, and hence holding money can lower the transaction cost. This thesis then uses the model to investigate whether the economy’s growth rate and the dynamic stability are closely related to the implementation of inflation rate targeting. Two main findings emerge from the analysis. First, when investment does not involve adjustment costs, a rise in the inflation rate lowers the balanced economic growth rate and the equilibrium is characterized by local determinacy. Second, when investment involves adjustment costs, a rise in the inflation rate lowers the economic growth rate and the equilibrium is featured with local indeterminacy.
60

相對價格離散度與通貨膨脹之關係--台灣的實證研究

李丹, LI,DAN Unknown Date (has links)
有關相對價格離散度之研究,最早源於新古典學派二分法則(Dichotomy Paradigm), 認為實質因素的變動,與名目因素二者截然劃分。但自Mills(1927) 起,即發現相對 價格離散度和名目的物價上漲率間並不獨立,而呈現正相關的現象。由於相對價格的 變動引起生產、消費決策的變動,因而名目外生干擾是否造成相對價格離散,並進而 影響實質變數,乃成為總體理論一項重要課題。 在過去的文獻中,Vining & Elwertowski(1976),Parks(1978),Blejer(1981),He- rcowitz(1981),Blejer & Leiderman(1982),及Fischer(1982)的實證研究,與Luca- s(1973),Barro(1976),Hercowitz(1981,1982) 及Cukierman(1982) 的理論分析, 大都發現通貨膨脹或非預期的通貨膨脹皆將導致相對價格離散度增加。而大部分的實 證研究皆利用各市場間的資料進行分析。近年來 Domberger(1987)及Hoomissen(1988 ) 則強調市場內通貨膨脹與價格離散度的關係。 本文第一部分利用民國59年至78年台灣地區躉售商品物價指數中的各項商品物價指數 ,根據 Domberger的方法,分析各市場內與市場間相對價格離散度與通貨膨脹的關係 。全部的商品共分為二十四個市場,計量方法為 Nonlinear Seemingly Unrelated Estimation。另外,再根據Saxonhouse(1977)提出的二階段迴歸分析步驟,探討造成 各個市場相對價格離散度與通貨膨脹二者的關係是否受到各產業市場集中度,以及市 場內產品數影響。 本文第二部分利用Blejer & Leriderman(1982) 模型,分析台灣地區相對價格離散度 與國外 (美國) 相對價格離散度二者之間的關係,並探討國際間通貨膨脹的傳遞。

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