本論文主要目的係以採購電子化對行政機關或企業的影響來建立政府推動採購電子化後所帶來的成效評估指標，並透過次級資料進行分析。近年來由於資訊科技的進步、網際網路的快速成長及電子商務的蓬勃發展，改變了許多行銷、管理、服務及商業行為的型態，各國政府如美國、加拿大、澳洲和日本等國，以及國際性組織無不重視此一趨勢，均積極推動政府服務電子化與網路化的工作，我國在推動電子化政府的政策下，舊有政府採購作業流程再造，運用資訊及通訊科技建置電子採購系統也成為主要推展方案之一，以期建構一個所謂公開透明化、公平競爭、有效率的政府採購作業環境。 本文先透過文獻整理與專家訪談來建立採購電子化成效評估初步架構，並以專家德菲法問卷方式來確認架構與指標的重要性，建立最終評估架構。而後依照德菲法專家群體的特性進行分群探討瞭解對指標重要性看法的分歧。並依據行政院研考會 2009 年度委託研究案「電子治理成效指標與評估：G2C與G2B期末報告」為次級資料。探討專家群體與廠商使用者對於採購電子化成效看法之落差。 透過德菲法方式建立的採購電子化評估最終架構，包括3個構面(立即可見效益、非立即可見效益及使用行為)、8個面向(時間、成本、價格、透明、課責、整合、使用滿意度及服務使用)與18個指標。綜合德菲法專家分群比較與次級資料分析所整理結果，發現政府機關德菲法專家指標的重要性評判比起學者專家分布較高，可能原因是政府機關組織較為保守，且對採購電子化的效益比起學者專家較為直接與強烈。而中央政府專家對成本面向的指標重視程度較地方政府專家高，可能是中央政府採購電子化程度較高，對其帶來的成本減少感受較為強烈。而對應本論文所建立的採購電子化成效指標，次級資料顯示廠商使用者對採購電子化是否帶來其成效同意程度不高。顯然政府未來在制定採購電子化相關機制或系統，除了持續減少使用者採購相關成本及時間，努力改善採購環境的透明及課責程度，更應提供客製化或整合性服務，來滿足使用者的需求，以提升政府採購電子化成效。

全球筆記型電腦業的競爭，以及國內筆記型電腦代工對台灣資訊產業的重要性，使得該產業中企業的發展備受關注。結合上游數百家國內外的零組件供應廠商，集中在中心廠製造、組裝，無論是BTO、CTO還是TDS的經營模式，其目的只有一個，就是以更快、更便宜的方式滿足客戶及最終消費者，快速回應市場的需求，同時減少因產品生命週期縮短所可能產生的庫存損失。於是，供應鏈的效率成為眾所矚目的議題，其中採購活動中不論物流還是資訊流的快速往返，已非傳統採購流程所能負荷。因此從文獻整理的過程中，可以發現在供應鏈變革的過程中，資訊科技與網際網路所扮演的角色越來越深入，從單純只是存貨、排程的運算，到統合企業整體的資源，電子採購更是將企業與企業之間的資訊緊密的結合在一起，形成完整的供應體系。本研究以國內筆記型電腦代工中心廠的觀點，透過個案訪談的方式，瞭解業界實際電子採購模式的運作，同時從零組件特性、供應商型態以及客戶代工策略三個角度，歸納客觀的採購情境對於電子採購模式選擇的攸關性，以及因素如何影響模式的選擇做深入的探討。

現今企業的競爭已轉變成供應鏈對供應鏈之間的競爭，整條供應鏈強調的是更緊密的合作夥伴關係。電子採購的出現，無疑為廠商的競爭力注入了一股強心劑。 　本研究旨在探討影響供應商與中心廠配合導入電子採購之因素，並對經濟部技術處所推動的供應鏈電子化B計劃做一概括性之整理。目的為了解此一計劃推動至今的現況如何；而在影響供應商配合中心廠導入電子採購方面，則以是否配合及連線類型二部份做為探究問題。 　本研究彙整過去關於創新採用新科技的文獻，以「產業環境特性」、「企業經營特性」、「通路關係」、及「系統特性」四構面做為本研究架構。 　針對所選定的一家中心廠所有的供應商發出406份問卷，回收有效問卷共51份，有效回收率約為12.52%。研究發現，合計約六成供應商已與該中心廠配合導入電子採購，連線類型大多以Browser為主。而尚未配合導入之廠商則大多持無此需要或與書面訂單差異不大的理由。 　　透過二元羅吉斯迴歸分析，針對「是否配合」此一反應變項進行分析，發現在影響因素上共有「競爭情形」、「競爭者壓力」、「公司規模」、「產品特性」、「資訊化程度」、「未來重要性」、「系統效益」等七變數顯著。 　　在三種代表不同整合程度的連線模式上，則以Pearson相關係數衡量十四個變數與其之間正負影響關係。研究發現在影響因素上「公司規模」、「未來重要性」、「中心廠採購金額」、「中心廠採購頻率」等四變數會對整合程度造成正向影響；「不相容性」、「認知風險」等二變數會對整合程度造成負向影響。 　　最後本研究並根據研究結果，對供應商及中心廠分別提出建議。 / The competition among enterprises has now lies in the issue of supply chain, which emphasize on tighter cooperation relationship of overall supply-chain process. The emergence of E-Procurement system is undoubtedly a critical component to strengthen competitive advantage of both suppliers and their customers. Two main purposes of this research are: first, the research attempts to find the factors that will affect suppliers to introduce E-Procurement in compliance with customers; second, to find the factors that will affect suppliers who already introduce E-Procurement to adopt different integrated model. Based on the past research papers about innovation adoption and diffusion, fourteen factors were selected to constitute the four dimensions of our study: characteristic of business environment、enterprises、E-Procurement system、and channel relationship. 406 questionnaires were mailed out to the all suppliers of the selected buyer. The receivers were the heads of sale divisions. In the end of May 2002, 51 questionnaires were reply; the response rate was 12.56%. After conducting the descriptive statistics, the study finds there are more than 60% suppliers have collaborated with their customers to introduce E-Procurement, most of them adopt the Browser model. The reasons of the suppliers who haven’t compliance with customers are they consider there is no need to introduce or the difference between paper-based order and e-order is too small. By using the binomial logistic regression method to analyze the suppliers’ decision to introduce E-Procurement in compliance with customers, the results show that there are 7 factors will affect this dependent variable: competitive、the pressure of competitor’s using、business size、characteristic of product、the degree of information、importance to future development、system benefit. The Pearson Correlation tested the hypotheses relating to the model of E-Procurement adoption. The main results show that 6 factors will affect suppliers’ adoption model: business size、importance to future development、channel relationship、complexity of the system、recognize of failure rate. Finally, the study will provide suggestions to the suppliers and their customers based on the research results.

略 / Because of the influence of globalization and updated information technologies (IT), firms face more and more uncertainties when they conduct daily procurement activities. Whether these uncertainties come from internal or external business environment, they retard e-procurement systems (EP) to achieve promised benefits, and therefore firms must align their EP with their business environment for greater performance. To fulfill this need, this research aims to examine the fit of business and IT environment and study its impacts on the system performance. The literature review allows us to propose four major impacting factors and relative measurements. A case study is then taken in the Taiwan PC-Notebook industry to verify the research framework. We find the firms’ external and internal factors do affect the performance of EP. That is, EP usage in the form of high-integrated system may lead to greater performance under higher environment, partnership, or process uncertainty, whereas low-integrated EP lives up to more benefit under lower knowledge skills. We also observe that lack of fit between procurement practices and EP system produces extra burdens and costs which reflected in the performance of both buyer side and supplier side. Therefore, the contribution of this research can be two-folded: first, practitioners who can use this framework to diagnose their environment condition and then align to the appropriate type of EP. Second, researchers who can build upon this model to further examine the fit impact on EP performance.

採購作業在企業營運過程中扮演著重要的環節，若企業可取得有利原物料成本，將可有效提升企業競爭力。企業為確保採購作業優勢，通常希望找尋更多供應廠商，以期從中取得市場最低價格之原物料。 在1990年代網際網路(Internet)與全球資訊網( World Wide Web)的出現後，買賣雙方的交易行為開始透過電子商務(Electronic Commerce)進行交易，以降低採購作業溝通處理。企業為擴大詢價來源，電子商務更發展為多家買方(採購商)對多家賣方(供應商)的B2B電子交易市集(E-Marketplace)。B2B電子交易市集發展至今，台灣企業使用B2B電子交易市集的情況始終不普及。台灣企業在面對全球市場的競爭，台灣企業是否可更有效的運用B2B電子交易市集來進行採購作業，該如何提升B2B電子交易市集的價值，協助台灣企業營造良善的採購環境及提升競爭力，為本論文的研究動機。 在探討過去研究文獻、訪談電子製造業及醫療產業廠商及針對B2B電子交易市集經營廠商平台進行比較後發現：不論買方(採購商)或賣方(供應商)都認為B2B電子交易市集應提供透明、方便及快速有效的交易環境，系統功能應具電子型錄、詢報價、訂購、帳款及電子發票等功能，會員數愈多愈好並應確保會員資質、提供24小客服服務與顧問諮詢服務、重視交易可信任度、操作介面應具親和性、重視系統穩定性、系統安全性、資料正確性及合理計費標準，以期透過B2B電子交易市集，可降低買賣的交易成本與增加雙方的獲利能力。 為提升買賣方對B2B電子交易市集價值的認同感，建議本論文研究個案F平台可朝透過雲端、開放資料(Open data)、大數據(Big Data)的運用並朝下列幾點發展，以協助企業提升競爭力：(1)營造專業採購交易平台。(2)增加主動交易媒合功能。(3)運用交易數據資料，創造新主動提醒訂購功能、增加會員資質分級管理制度、提供交易指標參考數據等構面發展。 最後，在資訊科技技術不斷的推陳出新，各技術運用也日漸普及。因此，建議未來針對B2B電子交易市集研究方向，可朝如何運用各項資訊科技(如物聯網Internet of things)，整合買賣雙方及往來關係者資源(如政府、銀行、物流業者等資訊)並朝向智慧化發展，以提供買賣雙方更透明、更便利、更快速交易環境。 / Procurement practices play an important part in the process of business operations. If companies can achieve lower material costs, this will effectively enhance their competitiveness. To ensure the advantages of procurement, it is often desirable for companies to find more suppliers in order to obtain the lowest prices from them. In the 1990s with the emergence of Internet and World Wide Web (WWW), transactions between buyers and sellers started trading through electronic commerce to reduce the procurement communication and negotiation process. In order for companies to expand their sources of the market prices, e-commerce has been developed into a B2B E-marketplace with multiple buyers and sellers. In Taiwan companies, the use of the B2B E-marketplace services, as they have been developed so far, is not always popular. Therefore, the motivation for this study is to provide Taiwan companies with a more efficient method to use B2B E-marketplace services when undertaking procurement activities, and enhance the value of the B2B E-marketplace to help Taiwan companies create a better procurement environment and improve competitiveness when they face global competition. After reviewing the previous studies in literature and interviewing the electronic manufacturing industry, the medical industry, and the B2B E-marketplace industry, I find that buyers and sellers think that the B2B E-marketplace should provide a more transparent, more convenient, more efficient, and fast trading environment, have a function with the electronic catalog, quotation and ordering system, accounts and electronic invoices, etc., have a function to attract more members and ensure their records, offer a 24-hour customer and consultant service, create a user-friendly interface, and value the trustworthiness of the transaction, the system stability and security, the data accuracy, and the reasonable fee standard in order to reduce transaction costs and increase profitability for both parties. In order to enhance the value of identity of the buyers and sellers of the B2B E-marketplace, it is recommended that the case F platform of the study be conducted through the use of the cloud, open data, big data, and following the following points to help companies enhance their competitiveness: (1) to create a professional procurement trading platform (2) to increase the active trading and the matchmaking probability (3) to use the transaction data to create a new order function with an active reminding system, increase a management function with a membership grading system, and provide transaction indexes and reference data. Finally, we know that information technologies continue to innovate and the use of any new technologies has also become increasingly popular. Therefore, for the future research in the B2B E-marketplace, it is recommended that we can use various information technologies such as the “Internet of Things”, to reassemble buyers, sellers, and other partners such as government, banking, and logistics industry involved in the transactions, and develop the wisdom to provide buyers and sellers with a more transparent, more convenient, and fast trading environment.

目前各國為了提升政府運作效能與國家競爭力，均將電子化政府視為重點發展策略。電子化政府的發展，從早期推動國家資訊基礎建設，到進一步運用資訊通訊科技提供各類政府服務，再到強調行政服務的效率與整合、網路公民參與等，目前已在世界各國形成風潮。電子化政府的普及應用，對於促成公民社會的發展、公義社會的追求及優質網路社會的建構，都帶來相當的影響，也因此當前電子化政府的最新發展為「電子治理」概念的提出。 在電子治理的概念下，電子化政府的評估方式應該從以往的投入-產出之效率評估轉向強調公共目標實現與否的影響評估。然而當前在電子治理影響評估的研究方面仍十分缺乏，雖然目前的電子治理評估研究已經開始重視從使用者的角度進行評估，但評估的焦點還停留在使用者對電子化政府服務的感受，而非電子化政府服務實際對使用者產生何種影響，且尚未以因果模型的方式建構一個完整的電子治理影響評估架構，以找出造成公共目標實現的關鍵因素。 本研究透過國際電子化政府評估研究、電子化政府評估架構、網路服務品質評估研究、電子治理影響評估四類文獻的整理，結合DeLone & McLean的資訊系統成功模型與Heeks的電子化政府價值鏈模型，提出了電子治理影響評估因果模型以及評估指標，同時介紹我國重要的電子化政府服務：「電子採購系統」的發展現況以及相關評估研究，並透過次級資料分析，針對我國電子採購系統進行因果模型的驗證。研究結果證實本研究所提出的電子採購因果評估模型確實具有一定的解釋能力，同時本研究也透過模型實證的結果針對電子採購的政策以及後續研究提出了相關建議。 / eGovernment, as a popular government activity, has adopted by many countries in order to maximize the competitive advantage of nations. As eGovernment activity grows over time, the main issues of e-government change from e-infrastructure to e-service and to e-participation, and this change brings the concern about the impact of eGovernment. Therefore, the latest development of eGovernment is “eGovernance”. Under the concepts of eGovernance, the focus of eGovernment evaluation should change form program evaluation to impact assessment. However, most of literature concerning eGovernance has focused on the supply side, which is the perspective of the government. Little has focused on the evaluation of actual use and its impact in e-government service. This research reviews literatures and related reports, based on Heeks’ eGovernment Value Chain Model and DeLone and McLean’s Information System Success Model, proposes a causal model for the empirical examination of impacts of the e-Procurement System in Taiwan, this model is strongly supported by the empirical data. This research also makes some suggestions for the improvement of e-Procurement policy in Taiwan, and for futher researches.

隨著資訊與通訊科技的發達，電子化政府隨之興起，政府開始利用資訊與通訊科技服務民眾。對電子化政府而言，其面臨的顧客不只包含外部顧客─公民與企業，也包含一大群的內部顧客─公務人員，由於公務人員是電子化政府重要的內部顧客，了解他們對於電子化系統、服務的使用感受有其必要性，也顯現G2E計畫成效評估的重要性。有鑑於政府採購為國家龐大支出，因此，本研究以政府電子採購網作為研究的個案。 本研究回顧電子化政府計畫評估、顧客導向的電子化政府、顧客滿意度的影響因素三類文獻，並結合Heeks (2006)電子化政府價值鏈、DeLone & McLean資訊系統成功模型，以及朱斌妤(2010-2013)的G2E計畫指標，從內部使用者角度發展電子採購內部顧客成效評估因果模型，主要由六大構面組成，分別為組織管理、服務品質、系統品質、資訊品質、員工感受效益以及員工滿意度，並透過次級資料進行驗證。 研究結果發現，本研究提出的電子採購內部顧客成效評估因果模型具有一定的解釋力，各構面之間的影響關係皆達統計上的顯著。本研究也比較不同機關性質與標案性質，進行不同構面之間的路徑係數比較，結果顯示不同的機關性質、標案性質對於不同構面之間的路徑係數確實有影響，根據研究結果，本研究也提出了一些政策建議與後續研究的建議。 / Electronic Government (e-Government) is about governments interacting, conducting business and delivering services to their citizens and private companies electronically through the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT). All key stakeholders including the government employees, private sectors, and citizens benefit from successful implementation of ICTs. The usage evaluation from e-government employees’ point of view (G2E), i.e., the internal customers of e-government, is vital. This research uses Government e-Procurement System as a case study of G2E program evaluation. Topics of literature review for this research include e-Government programs assessment, customer-orientede-Government and influencing factors of customer’s satisfaction, combines with Heeks’ e-Government Value Chain, DeLone and McLean’s Information System Success Model, and Chu’s G2E programs assessment indicators, which propose a casual model for internal customers’ evaluation of e-Procurement system in Taiwan. This model consists of six dimensions－organization management, service squality, system quality, information quality, employee perceived benefits, and employee satisfaction. The outcomes of this research indicate that our model is strongly supported by the empirical data. This research also includes comparations of different organizations and procurement cases, which indicate that different organizations and procurement cases have difference in path coefficients. Finally, this research makes some suggestions for the improvement of e-Procurement policy, and for future researches.